Editing Caddo, Oklahoma

{{Short description|Town in Oklahoma, US}}
{{Distinguish|Caddo County, Oklahoma}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Caddo, Oklahoma
|settlement_type          = [[Town]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = "...The antique town on a buffalo trail"

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|image_map                = OKMap-doton-Caddo.PNG
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Caddo, Oklahoma
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oklahoma]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oklahoma|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Bryan County, Oklahoma|Bryan]]

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|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
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<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref  = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 4.38
|area_land_km2            = 4.38
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.69
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.69
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 1017
|population_density_km2   = 232.02
|population_density_sq_mi = 601.06

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
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|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 722
|coordinates              = {{coord|34|07|32|N|96|15|49|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 74729
|area_code                = [[Area code 580|580]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 40-10800<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website |df= }}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2413147<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2413147}}</ref>
|website                  = 
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[[File:Caddo, Oklahoma 1938.jpg|alt=Buffalo Street|thumb|Caddo, Oklahoma in 1938 during [[Great Depression|The Great Depression]] as captured by [[Dorothea Lange]].]]
'''Caddo''' is a town in [[Bryan County, Oklahoma|Bryan County]], [[Oklahoma]], United States. The population was 997 at the 2010 census, a 5.6 percent gain over the figure of 944 recorded in [[United States Census, 2000|2000]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://censusviewer.com/city/OK/Caddo |title=CensusViewer:Caddo, Oklahoma Population |access-date=January 7, 2013 |archive-date=June 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615162229/http://censusviewer.com/city/OK/Caddo |url-status=dead }}</ref> The name is derived from a Caddo word, ''ka do hada’ cho'', meaning "real chief" in English.<ref name="TRAC">[http://www.caddo-ok-today.org/templates/System/details.asp?id=39580&PID=467581 "Caddo, Oklahoma - History." Town Restoration Association of Caddo.] Accessed November 28, 2016.</ref> According to ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'', the town was named for the nearby Caddo Hills.<ref name = "EOHC-Caddo">Brimage, Lucille. [http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CA004 "Caddo,"] ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'', Oklahoma Historical Society, 2009. Accessed April 15, 2015.</ref>

== History ==
The early inhabitants were Caddos and Choctaws, at least in the early 19th Century. A local legend says that the Caddos and the Choctaws had a fierce battle in 1840, about {{convert|2|miles|km}} southeast of the site of present-day Caddo, The Choctaws won the battle, driving off the Caddos.<ref name="TRAC"/>

After a patent for the land, located on a [[American bison|buffalo]] trail, was obtained in 1872, the first settlers lived in tents.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}

In 1872, the [[Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad]] (Katy) built a line through the Choctaw Nation and established a station at Caddo. A post office was opened December 18, 1872, and the railroad reached Denison, Texas by Christmas Day. In 1873, the town population was about four hundred people.<ref name="TRAC"/>  Caddo quickly became a shipping and trade center for the surrounding area. By 1890, Caddo had five cotton gins and a population of 2,170. Caddo incorporated as a city in 1898. It was then the most populous town in the region.<ref name = "EOHC-Caddo"/>

At the time of its founding Caddo was located in [[Blue County, Choctaw Nation|Blue County]], a part of the [[Pushmataha District]] of the Choctaw Nation.<ref>Morris, John W.  ''Historical Atlas of Oklahoma'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986), plate 38.</ref>

Caddo was on the route of the [[Jefferson Highway]] established in 1915, with that road running more than 2,300 miles from Winnipeg, Manitoba to New Orleans, Louisiana.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.jeffersonhighwayinoklahoma.com/ |title=The Jefferson Highway Route in Oklahoma|publisher= Oklahoma Members of the Jefferson Highway Association|accessdate=October 27, 2019}}</ref>

When the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway (Frisco) planned to build an east–west line through the area, land prices jumped up. Frisco officials decided to build their line through [[Durant, Oklahoma|Durant]] instead of Caddo. Durant then became the fastest-growing town, and became the county seat when Bryan County was formed at  statehood. By 1930, Caddo's population had fallen to 933.<ref name = "EOHC-Caddo"/>{{efn|Caddo's own town history says that the decline began in 1885, when the [[Fort Worth & Denver Railroad]] reached [[Henrietta, Texas]], which became the major trading and freighting station in the area.<ref name="TRAC"/>}}

In 1943, Guy A. Crossett, the editor of The ''Caddo Herald'' newspaper described Caddo's decline. “Caddo was a thriving town when Durant was a switch; when [[Hugo, Oklahoma|Hugo]] was a prairie; when [[Madill, Oklahoma|Madill]] was unborn; when [[Coalgate, Oklahoma|Coalgate]] was un-thought-of; when [[Ardmore, Oklahoma|Ardmore]] was only in Pennsylvania; when [[Idabel, Oklahoma|Idabel]] was yet to be; when [[Atoka, Oklahoma|Atoka]] was a small village. Yet all have outgrown us. The reason is plain. We did not elect a delegate to [[William H. Murray|Bill Murray]]’s famous [[Oklahoma Enabling Act|Constitutional Convention]]; and tried to live upon the glories of the past. Finding out too late that we could not run the mill with water that has passed. Yet Caddo’s part in the history of the state is honorable. That is secure. The future is another thing.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mem55.typepad.com/caddo_my_home_town/2015/03/20-first-facts.html|title=20 First Facts|website=Caddo- My Home Town|access-date=September 4, 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Caddo has a total area of {{convert|2.1|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1900= 930
|1910= 1143
|1920= 1421
|1930= 933
|1940= 954
|1950= 895
|1960= 814
|1970= 886
|1980= 923
|1990= 918
|2000= 944
|2010= 997
|2020= 1017
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015|df= }}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 944 people, 387 households, and 255 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|449.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 443 housing units at an average density of {{convert|210.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 77.97% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.64% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 13.67% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.21% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.32% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 7.20% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.59% of the population.

There were 387 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 22.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $34,643. Males had a median income of $27,731 versus $18,846 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $12,890. About 14.2% of families and 21.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 30.8% of those under age 18 and 25.1% of those age 65 or over.

==Culture and recreation==
Caddo holds its Heritage Day Festival on the first Saturday in October every year.<ref name="TRAC"/>

==Notable people==
* [[Gail Farrell]] (singer, songwriter, pianist), grew up in Caddo and nearby [[Durant, Oklahoma]].
* [[Lydia Starr McPherson]] (1827–1903), founder of an early Caddo newspaper, the ''Caddo International News''
* [[Gary Richardson (lawyer)|Gary Richardson]], born in Caddo, former United States attorney
* [[Cowboy Pink Williams]] (1892-1976), 7th lieutenant governor of Oklahoma

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [http://www.caddo-ok-today.org/templates/System/default.asp?id=39580  Caddo information]
* [http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CA004 ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'' - Caddo]

{{Bryan County, Oklahoma}}
{{NRHP in Bryan County, Oklahoma}}

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[[Category:Towns in Bryan County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Towns in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1872]]