Editing Cabot Strait

{{Infobox body of water
| name               = Cabot Strait
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = 
| other_name         = 
| image              = 20140831 Cabot Strait, St Paul Island in the distance.jpg
| alt                = A view of the Cabot Strait from White Point, Cape Breton Island. St. Paul Island is visible in the distance.
| caption            = Cabot Strait from White Point, Cape Breton Island. St. Paul Island in the distance.
| image_bathymetry   = 
| alt_bathymetry     = 
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location           = [[Cape Breton Island]], Nova Scotia & [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]
| group              = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|47|15|00|N|59|45|00|W|region:CA_type:waterbody_scale:100000|display =inline,title}}
| type               = Channel
| etymology          = 
| part_of            = [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]]
| inflow             = 
| rivers             = 
| outflow            = 
| oceans             = [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| catchment          = 
| basin_countries    = [[Canada]]
| agency             = 
| designation        = 
| date-built         = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water -->
| engineer           = 
| date-flooded       = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water -->
| length             = {{convert|20|nmi|km+mi}}
| width              = {{convert|70|nmi|km+mi}}
| area               = 
| depth              = 
| max-depth          = {{convert|550|m|ft}}
| volume             = 
| residence_time     = 
| salinity           = 
| shore              = 
| elevation          = 
| temperature_high   = 
| temperature_low    = 
| frozen             = 
| islands            = [[St. Paul Island (Nova Scotia)]]
| islands_category   = 
| sections           = 
| trenches           = [[Laurentian Channel]]
| benches            = 
| cities             = 
| pushpin_map        = Canada
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- left, right, top or bottom -->
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Cabot Strait
| website            = 
| reference          = [http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/CAFSC Geographical Names of Canada - Cabot Strait]
}}

[[Image:Cabot Strait.png|thumb|260px|The Cabot Strait lies north of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada.]]
{{importance section|date=July 2023}}
'''Cabot Strait'''<ref name="id=CAFSC">
{{cite web
 |url=http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/CAFSC
 |title=Geographical Names of Canada - Cabot Strait
 |publisher=Government of Canada
 |access-date= 7 June 2018
}}
</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|b|ə|t}}; {{langx|fr|détroit de Cabot}}, {{IPA|fr|kabo|lang}}) is in [[Atlantic Canada]] between [[Cape Ray]], [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], and [[Cape North (Nova Scotia)|Cape North]], [[Cape Breton Island]].<ref name="canadianencyclopedia">
{{cite encyclopedia
 | editor-last = Aronovitch
 | editor-first = Davida
 | title = The Cabot Strait
 | url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cabot-strait/
 | access-date = 7 June 2018
 | encyclopedia = The Canadian Encyclopedia
 | year = 2013
 | publisher = Anthony Wilson-Smith - Historica Canada
}}
</ref> The [[strait]], approximately 110 kilometres wide, is the widest of the three outlets for the [[Gulf of Saint Lawrence]] into the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the others being the [[Strait of Belle Isle]] and [[Strait of Canso]].  It is named for the Italian explorer [[Giovanni Caboto]].<ref name="canadianencyclopedia"/>

==Geography and geology==
===Bathymetry===
The strait's bathymetry is varied, with the [[Laurentian Channel]] creating a deep trench through its centre, and comparatively shallow coastal waters closer to Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island.  These bathymetric conditions have been known by mariners to cause [[Rogue wave (oceanography)|rogue wave]]s.{{Cn|date=October 2024}}

The steep slope of the Laurentian Channel was the site of a disastrous submarine landslide at the southeastern end of the strait, triggered by the [[1929 Grand Banks earthquake]] and leading to a [[tsunami]] that devastated communities along Newfoundland's south coast and parts of Cape Breton Island.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8028949.stm|title=Ancient tsunami 'hit New York'|last=Bentley|first=Molly|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=2010-06-19 | date=2009-05-03}}</ref>

===St. Paul Island===
An infamous location in the strait for [[shipwreck]]s during the [[age of sail]], [[St. Paul Island (Nova Scotia)|St. Paul Island]] came to be referred to as the "Graveyard of the Gulf" (of St. Lawrence).{{Cn|date=October 2024}}

==Shipping==
A strategically important waterway throughout Canadian and Newfoundland history, the strait is also an important international shipping route, being the primary waterway linking the Atlantic with inland ports on the [[Great Lakes]] and [[St. Lawrence Seaway]].

In October 1942, German U-boat [[German submarine U-69 (1940)|''U-69'']] torpedoed and sank the unlit Newfoundland ferry {{SS|Caribou}}, killing 137 people.<ref name="caribou_uboat.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2270.html|title=Caribou (Steam merchant) - Ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net|access-date=2010-06-19}}</ref>  Then on 25 November 1944 [[HMCS Shawinigan (K136)|HMCS ''Shawinigan'']] was torpedoed and sunk with all hands on board (91 crew) by {{GS|U-1228}}.<ref name=German>{{cite book |last=German |first=Tony |year=1990 |title=The Sea is at our Gates : The History of the Canadian Navy |publisher=McClelland and Stewart Inc. |location=Toronto |pages=[https://archive.org/details/seaisatourgatesh00germ/page/177 177] |isbn=978-0-7710-3269-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/seaisatourgatesh00germ/page/177 }}</ref>

In 1998, the Cypriot bulk carrier the {{ship|MV|Flare}} split in half in the Cabot Strait while sailing from Rotterdam to Quebec with the loss of 21 lives on board.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ship-owners-sued-for-1998-sinking/article18427616/ | title=Ship owners sued for 1998 sinking | newspaper=The Globe and Mail | date=16 November 2000 }}</ref>

===Communications===
The strait is crossed daily by the [[Marine Atlantic]] ferry service linking [[Channel-Port aux Basques]] and [[North Sydney, Nova Scotia|North Sydney]].  [[Ferries]] have been operating across the strait since 1898, and a [[submarine telegraph cable]] was laid in 1856 as part of the [[transatlantic telegraph cable]] project.<ref name="bbc"/>

The [[Trans Canada Microwave]] system was extended to [[Newfoundland]] in 1959.<ref name = "CBC-Radio Microwave of the Future">{{cite news |url= https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/audio/1.3626645 | title=Micro-wave of the future | date=23 September 1956|accessdate=19 June 2024 | work=CBC Digital Archive|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> To get it to Newfoundland, it was fed from [[Sydney, Nova Scotia]] to a repeater in Cape North that was 427 metres above sea-level. That allowed it cross the 127 kilometres across the Cabot Strait to a repeater station perched 198 metres above sea-level in [[Red Rocks, Newfoundland and Labrador]]. From there, the signal was microwaved over land to [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | St. John's]].<ref name = "Bridging the Cabot Strait">
{{cite news
 | author      = CP Staff
 | title       = Trans-Canada "Microwave" Looms
 | work        = [[The Kingston Whig-Standard]]
 | location    = [[Kingston, Ontario]]
 | agency      = The Canadian Press
 | page        = 19
 | date        = 24 July 1957
 | url         = https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-kingston-whig-standard-trans-canada/149996464/
 | access-date = 24 June 2024
 | via         = Newspapers.com
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
;Notes
*[[Nautical chart]] [http://www.charts.gc.ca/charts-cartes/charts-cartes-eng.asp?num=4022&img=01 ''#4022 - Cabot Strait and approaches / Détroit de Cabot et les approches)''], published by [[Canadian Hydrographic Service]], 17 January 2003

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[[Category:Straits of Newfoundland and Labrador]]
[[Category:Straits of Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Straits of the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Borders of Newfoundland and Labrador]]
[[Category:Borders of Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Canada–Saint Pierre and Miquelon border]]