Editing Bushmead Priory

{{short description|Grade I listed building in Bedfordshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox monastery
| name = Bushmead Priory
| full = The Priory Church of Saint Mary, Bushmead
| other_names = Bissemede Priory
| order = [[Augustinians]]
| established = 1185/1195
| disestablished = 4 January 1537
| dedication = [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Saint Mary]]
| location = [[Staploe]], [[Bedfordshire]], {{flag|England}}
| map_type = Bedfordshire
| coordinates = {{coord|52.233611|-0.3675|region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| remains = refectory and kitchen
| public_access = yes
| website = https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/bushmead-priory/
| embedded = {{Infobox designation list
|embed=yes
|designation1=Scheduled Monument
|designation1_offname=Bushmead Priory
|designation1_number=1014455
|designation1_date=9 October 1981
|designation2=UK Grade I
|designation2_offname=Bushmead Priory
|designation2_number=1146475
|designation2_date=7 May 1952
|designation3=UK Grade II
|designation3_offname=Bushmead Priory House
|designation3_number=1114932
|designation3_date=7 May 1952}}
| heritage_designation = [[Scheduled monument]], [[grade I listed building]]
}}
'''The Priory Church of Saint Mary, Bushmead''', commonly called Bushmead [[Priory]], was a [[monastery|monastic foundation]] for [[Canons regular#Canons Regular of Saint Augustine|Augustinian]] Canons, located at Bushmead (a [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] in [[Staploe]] parish) in the [[Bedfordshire|County of Bedfordshire]] in England. It is a Grade I [[listed building]].

==Description==
The remains of the 700-year-old [[priory]] stand today neighbouring a light industrial estate, and disused [[airfield]], and lie between the villages of [[Colmworth]] and [[Little Staughton]].  Nothing survives of the priory church, and all but the refectory and kitchen of the claustral buildings have disappeared.

Never a large house, the community appears to have consisted of the prior and up to four canons.

The [[priory]] was founded around 1195 by William, [[Chaplain]] of Colmworth.<ref>Or 1185 by Hugh de Beauchamp according to Henry Thorold, ''Collins Guide to the Ruined Abbeys of England, Wales and Scotland''</ref> [[Hugh de Beauchamp]] of [[Eaton Socon]] endowed the priory with 28 acres (113,000&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>), the priory also held land around [[Coppingford chapel]]; during these early years it also held a considerable number of [[Selions]], given to them by local people as gifts of faith.  Around 1206 [[John of England|King John]] permitted the monks to enclose and clear part of the nearby [[Perry woods]].

After William's death in 1215, Joseph, Chaplain of Coppingford, became head of the fraternity.  Under his guidance the house became an [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] priory.  The Augustinians, were then a comparatively new order, which ordained [[priest]]s, but  lived in community similar in style to monks.

Throughout the following years the priory prospered through gifts and grants.   The monks wrote documents illustrating their daily lives, these became books of charters, called [[Cartularies]].  Unfortunately through the centuries very few of these charters have survived.

It was common for monastic orders at this time to be the beneficiaries of generous donations.  However, it was equally common for disapproving heirs to object to the size of these gifts donated from their potential estates.  One such heir was John Pateschull, unhappy at a bequest of £8 per annum in the will of his grandfather, after a dispute lasting many years, he had had the priory's [[cattle]] seized.  [[Richard of Staughton]], a senior [[canon (priest)|Canon]] and later prior of Bushmead, called the bailiff and set out to recover them.  The senior Canon was seized by John Pateschull's men and imprisoned.  The dispute was finally ended through arbitration.

When [[Richard of Staughton]] became prior, he obtained permission from the [[bishop]] to form a boys' school; however it is thought he died of the [[Black Death]] before the project could be implemented.

The prior in 1418 was Robert Tychemerssh.<ref>Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40 / 629; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/H5/CP40no629/aCP40no629fronts/IMG_0291.htm; ninth entry, as defendant</ref>

Following the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], the ownership of Bushmead Priory became the subject of a dispute  between the St. John family of [[Bletsoe]] and [[Sir William Gascoigne]] of [[Cardington, Bedfordshire|Cardington]], the latter being [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Wolsey's]] controller of the household.  He had previously exchanged land with King Henry VIII and sought further recompense.  The King waited until 1537, almost a year after the priory's dissolution, before allowing the priory to pass to Sir William.

Fifteen years later, in 1562, a [[Cambridgeshire]] man, William Gery, purchased the estate and almost immediately began building on the site of the priory.  Around a hundred years later Richard Gery extended the site and formed a mansion (since demolished).  There have obviously been many changes to the priory.  A new floor, and fenestration (in the lower section) were fitted circa 1500, although only the rafters now remain.  Clearly visible, though, are the major and various subsequent minor alterations, giving an interesting insight into its [[architectural]] history.

It is a rare example of [[King post]], and timber frame roof architecture.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britainexpress.com/counties/bedfordshire/bushmead.htm | title=Bushmead Priory, Bedfordshire }}</ref>

The site is now in the care of [[English Heritage]] and is open to the public at weekends during Spring and Summer.

==Burials==
*[[Henry of Braybrooke]]

==See also==
* [[List of monastic houses in England]]
* [[List of monastic houses in Bedfordshire]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/bushmead-priory/ "Bushmead Priory"], official site at English Heritage

[[Category:Augustinian monasteries in England]]
[[Category:Monasteries in Bedfordshire]]
[[Category:History of Bedfordshire]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bedfordshire]]
[[Category:English Heritage sites in Bedfordshire]]
[[Category:1190s establishments in England]]
[[Category:1536 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Bedfordshire]]
[[Category:Grade I listed monasteries]]
[[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 1190s]]
[[Category:British country houses destroyed in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Country houses in Bedfordshire]]