Editing Busch Memorial Stadium

{{short description|MLB and NFL stadium in St. Louis, Missouri (1966–2005)}}
{{for|the current [[St. Louis Cardinals]] ballpark|Busch Stadium}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name        = Busch Memorial Stadium
| nickname            = ''Busch Stadium II''<br>''Baseball Heaven''
| image               = [[File:BuschMemorialStadium.jpg|240px]]<br>[[File:Chicago Bears at St Louis Cardinals 9 25 77.jpg|240px]]
| caption             = April 2005 (above; in baseball configuration) and September 1977 (below; in football configuration)
| location            = 250 Stadium Plaza<br>[[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]]<!-- 63102 -->
| coordinates         = {{coord|38|37|26|N|90|11|33|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|display=it}}
| broke_ground        = {{Start date and age|1964|05|25}}<ref name="alookback"/><ref name=fcruoa>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k4AmAAAAIBAJ&pg=5606%2C3299336 |newspaper=St. Petersburg Times |location=Florida |agency=Associated Press |title=Football Cards remain undecided on Atlanta |date=May 26, 1964 |page=2C |archive-date=November 19, 2021 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119071254/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=k4AmAAAAIBAJ&pg=5606%2C3299336 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| built               = 1964–1966
| opened              = {{Start date and age|1966|05|12}}<ref name="alookback"/>
| closed              = <!--'''[[National Football League|NFL]]:''' {{Start date and age|1995|10|22}} <br>'''[[Major League Baseball|MLB]]:'''-->{{Start date and age|2005|10|19}}
| demolished          = November 7 – December 8, 2005
| owner               = [[St. Louis Cardinals]]
| operator            = St. Louis Cardinals
| surface             = Natural grass (1996–2005)<br>[[AstroTurf]] (1970–1995)<br>Natural grass (1966–1969)
| construction_cost   = US$24 million<ref name="alookback"/><br>(${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|24000000|1966}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}})
| architect           = [[Sverdrup & Parcel]]<br>[[Edward Durell Stone]]<br>Schwarz & Van Hoefen, Associated
| general_contractor  = Fruin–Colnon/Millstone<ref name="alookback" />
| former_names        = Civic Center Busch Memorial Stadium (1966–1981)<br>Busch Stadium (1982–2005)
| tenants             = [[St. Louis Cardinals]] ([[Major League Baseball|MLB]]) (1966–2005)<br>[[St. Louis Cardinals (NFL, 1960–1987)|St. Louis Cardinals]] ([[National Football League|NFL]]) (1966–1987)<br>[[St. Louis Stars (soccer)|St. Louis Stars]] ([[National Professional Soccer League (1967)|NPSL]] / [[North American Soccer League (1968–84)|NASL]]) (1967–1974, 1977)<br>[[History of the St. Louis Rams|St. Louis Rams]] (NFL) (1995)
| seating_capacity    = [[Baseball]]: 49,676 (1997–2005)<br>57,676 (1966–1996)<br>[[American Football|Football]]: 60,000
| dimensions          = ''Original Dimensions (1966)''<br>'''Left Field''' – {{convert|330|ft|0|abbr=on}}<br>'''Left-Center''' – {{convert|386|ft|abbr=on}}<br>'''Center Field''' – {{convert|414|ft|abbr=on}}<br>'''Right-Center''' – {{convert|386|ft|abbr=on}}<br>'''Right Field''' – {{convert|330|ft|0|abbr=on}}<br>'''Backstop''' – {{convert|64|ft|abbr=on}}<br><br>''1996''<br>'''Left Field''' – {{convert|330|ft|0|abbr=on}}<br>'''Left-Center''' – {{convert|372|ft|abbr=on}}<br>'''Center Field''' – {{convert|402|ft|abbr=on}}<br>'''Right-Center''' – {{convert|372|ft|abbr=on}}<br>'''Right Field''' – {{convert|330|ft|0|abbr=on}}<br>'''Backstop''' – {{convert|64|ft|abbr=on}} [[File:BuschStadiumIIBaseballFieldDimensions.svg|200px]]
}}

'''Busch Memorial Stadium''' ('''Busch Stadium II''') was a multi-purpose sports facility in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], that operated for 40 years, from [[1966 St. Louis Cardinals season|1966]] through [[2005 St. Louis Cardinals season|2005]].<ref name=semcwtco>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=O58fAAAAIBAJ&pg=1785%2C5779330 |newspaper=Southeast Missourian |location=Cape Girardeau |agency=Associated Press |last=Newberry |first=Paul |title=Cardinals want to close out old home with title |date=October 13, 2005 |page=4B |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045937/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=O58fAAAAIBAJ&pg=1785,5779330 |url-status=live }}</ref> Built as Civic Center Busch Memorial Stadium, its official name was shortened to '''Busch Stadium''' in January 1982.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thisdayinbaseball.com/civic-center-busch-memorial-stadium-will-now-be-known-simply-as-busch-stadium/ | title=Civic Center Busch Memorial Stadium, will now be known simply as Busch Stadium - This Day in Baseball | date=January 1982 }}</ref>

The stadium served as the home of the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] [[National League (baseball)|National League]] [[baseball]] team for its entire operating existence, while also serving as home to the [[National Football League]]'s [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|Cardinals]] team for 22 seasons, from [[1966 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season|1966]] through [[1987 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season|1987]], as well as the [[St. Louis Rams]] during part of the [[1995 St. Louis Rams season|1995 season]]. It opened four days after the last baseball game was played at [[Sportsman's Park]] (which had been renamed '''Busch Stadium''' in 1953, when [[Anheuser-Busch]] bought the team). The [[St. Louis Stars (soccer)|St. Louis Stars]] of the [[National Professional Soccer League (1967)|NPSL]] and later [[North American Soccer League (1968–84)|NASL]] played at the stadium from 1967 to 1974; the team later used the stadium for select matches up through the 1977 season.

The stadium was designed by [[Sverdrup & Parcel]] and built by [[Bilfinger Berger|Grün & Bilfinger]].<ref>[http://www.bilfingerberger.com/C1257130005050D5/vwContentByKey/W26U3AX8814LUNADE/$FILE/bb_historie_en.html Bilfinger Berger Corporate history animation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324054618/http://www.bilfingerberger.com/C1257130005050D5/vwContentByKey/W26U3AX8814LUNADE/%24FILE/bb_historie_en.html |date=March 24, 2010 }}</ref> [[Edward Durell Stone]] designed the roof, a 96-arch "Crown of Arches".<ref>[http://jbauer.com/arches.pdf Save the Arches – jbauer.com – Retrieved January 22, 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227095102/http://jbauer.com/arches.pdf |date=February 27, 2008 }}</ref> The Crown echoed the [[Gateway Arch]], which had been completed only a year before Busch Stadium opened. Otherwise, it was very similar in appearance to other circular multipurpose "[[Cookie-cutter stadium|cookie-cutter]]" stadiums built in the 1960s and early 1970s in Atlanta, Cincinnati, and Pittsburgh, all of which were essentially open-air copies of the Houston [[Astrodome]].

Its final event was the sixth game of the [[2005 National League Championship Series|2005 NLCS]] on October 19.<ref name=bscidfn>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pp8fAAAAIBAJ&pg=4304%2C7330247 |newspaper=Southeast Missourian |location=Cape Girardeau |agency=Associated Press |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Mike |title=Busch stadium closes in disappointing fashion |date=October 20, 2005 |page=1B |archive-date=November 27, 2021 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127092552/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pp8fAAAAIBAJ&pg=4304%2C7330247 |url-status=live }}</ref> The stadium was demolished by [[wrecking ball]] in late 2005 and part of its former footprint is occupied by its replacement—the new [[Busch Stadium]] (a.k.a. '''Busch Stadium III'''), located to its south.

==History==
===Background===
With new stadiums such as the [[Astrodome]] and [[Shea Stadium]], [[St. Louis]] felt the need to modernize. Many of these stadiums demonstrated modern feats of [[engineering]] and [[architecture]], but also demonstrated a transition occurring for the American public at the time—traditional to the cutting edge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ballparkdigest.com/2015/04/13/the-birth-of-modern-baseball-design-1965/|title=The birth of modern baseball design: 1965|last=Reichard|first=Kevin|date=April 13, 2015|website=Ballpark Digest|language=en-US|access-date=December 3, 2019|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203000550/https://ballparkdigest.com/2015/04/13/the-birth-of-modern-baseball-design-1965/|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time of design, the Busch Stadium II was planned to be used for several purposes. The stadium was named Civic Center Busch Memorial Stadium.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=O'Neill|first=Dan|date=October 2005|title=Old Busch Stadium served its purpose well: Ready for wrecking ball: [Toronto Edition]|journal=National Post|id={{ProQuest|330390044}}}}</ref> Just weeks after opening, the new stadium hosted the All-Star Game, followed by a performance by the Beatles.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=O'Neill|first=Dan|date=October 2005|title=A toast to Busch Old stadium isn't quite ready to turn job over to newcomer: [Fourth Edition]|journal=St. Louis Dispatch|id={{ProQuest|402662094}}}}</ref> The landmark that distinguishes St. Louis' skyline, the Gateway Arch, was built across the street. To complement this historic landmark, the new stadium had 96 open arches on its roof.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ballparks.com/baseball/national/buschs.htm|title=Busch Stadium|website=ballparks.com|access-date=December 3, 2019|archive-date=October 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028065444/https://ballparks.com/baseball/national/buschs.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> As a testament to the design, Busch was one of the last built in the 1960s to be torn down. After serving the St. Louis Cardinals for 40 seasons, it was torn down in 2005.<ref name=":0" />

===Construction===
The baseball Cardinals had played at [[Sportsman's Park]] since {{baseball year|1920}}, originally as tenants of the [[St. Louis Browns]] of the [[American League]].

The Cardinals had long since passed the Browns as St. Louis' premier team, and chafed at having the Browns as landlords. At least as early as the 1940s, the Cardinals had sought to build their own park. Longtime owner [[Sam Breadon]] had set aside $3 million to build a new park. However, he was unable to find any land to do so, and World War II put those plans on hold. By 1947, Breadon faced the prospect of having to pay a heavy tax bill on his stadium fund. Tax lawyer [[Fred Saigh]] convinced Breadon to sell him the team, arguing this would save the Cardinals from this stiff tax burden.

When this tax dodge came to light in 1953 following an IRS audit, Saigh was subsequently charged with tax evasion, and pleaded no contest. Facing certain banishment from baseball, he put the team up for sale. Ultimately, [[Anheuser-Busch]] bought the Cardinals with the specific goal of keeping them in St. Louis.<ref name="TBT">{{cite book |title=The Team-by-Team Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball |last=Purdy |first=Dennis |year=2006 |publisher=[[Workman Publishing Company|Workman]] |location=New York City |isbn=0-7611-3943-5 }}</ref>

However, the Cardinals would have needed a new park in any event. Sportsman's Park had been built in its final form in 1909, and had not aged well. By 1953, even with the rent from the Cardinals, there was not nearly enough revenue to bring the stadium up to code, with city officials even threatening to have it condemned. With this in mind, soon after Anheuser-Busch bought the Cardinals, Browns owner [[Bill Veeck]] sold the park to the Cardinals, who heavily renovated the park and renamed it Busch Stadium, while Veeck relocated his team to Baltimore (rebranding it the [[Baltimore Orioles|Orioles]]).

By the late 1950s, however, the need for a new park could no longer be staved off. Sportsman's Park/Busch Stadium had almost no parking, and the neighborhood around it had gone to seed.

In 1958, Charles Farris, the city's head of development, proposed a new stadium downtown as the core of a plan to revive a 31-block area of the business district. The original design of the stadium called for a baseball-only format, but after the NFL's Chicago Cardinals moved to St. Louis at the end of the [[1959 Chicago Cardinals season|1959 season]], becoming known as the football Cardinals in St. Louis, the design was altered to accommodate football as well: the football Cardinals would share Sportsman's Park/Busch Stadium with the baseball Cardinals.

With support from the [[St. Louis Regional Chamber|local Chamber of Commerce]], the Civic Center Redevelopment Corporation was established in September 1959, and it was given power of [[eminent domain]], which was used to condemn several areas that were rundown or had gone to seed years before, including [[Chinatown, St. Louis|the small Chinatown district]], the [[Grand Opera House (St. Louis)|Grand Theater]] (a historic opera house that had evolved into a [[burlesque]] strip club),<ref>{{cite book|title=Lost St. Louis|author=Valerie Battle Kienzle|year=2017|publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated|isbn=9781439663738|chapter=Grand Opera House|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j0kvDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Grand+Opera+House%22+%221963%22+St.+Louis&pg=PT69}}</ref> and various flophouses and abandoned warehouses.<ref name="alookback"/>

Groundbreaking occurred on May 25, 1964,<ref name=fcruoa/> and construction took just under two years. The plan also included parking garages, a hotel (a [[Stouffer Hotels|Stouffer's hotel]]), and office buildings.<ref name="alookback"/> A few years later, it also became the new home of the Spanish Pavilion from the [[1964 New York World's Fair]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ksdk.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=202891|title=May 24, 1969: Spanish International Pavilion Moves to St. Louis|work=[[KSDK]]|location=St. Louis|date=May 25, 2010|first=Kevin|last=Held|access-date=May 18, 2013|archive-date=November 2, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102151253/http://www.ksdk.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=202891|url-status=live}}</ref>

The stadium opened on May 12, [[1966 St. Louis Cardinals season|1966]], one month into the baseball season, as ''Civic Center Busch Memorial Stadium.'' However, the "Civic Center" part was rarely used, and most people called it simply ''Busch Memorial Stadium.''

===Subsequent years===
The stadium's grass was replaced with [[AstroTurf]] in 1970.<ref name=mxflg>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S0xSAAAAIBAJ&pg=5711%2C3852063 |newspaper=St. Petersburg Times |agency=Associated Press |title=Mixed feeling on Astroturf in St. Louis |date=April 14, 1970 |page=2–C |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045943/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S0xSAAAAIBAJ&pg=5711,3852063 |url-status=live }}</ref> St. Louis' notoriously hot summers made it difficult to keep the grass alive, especially when the football Cardinals insisted on practicing on the field during the end of the baseball Cardinals' season. The Cardinals retained a full dirt infield for eight seasons. A removable, sectioned Astroturf surface covered the infield during football season. The infield was converted to [[slide (baseball)|sliding]] pits when the surface was replaced for the [[1978 St. Louis Cardinals season|1978]] baseball season.<ref name=bswgartf>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nsYyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3356%2C2371927 |newspaper=Sarasota Herald-Tribune |agency=Associated Press |title=Busch Stadium will get artificial turf |date=December 20, 1977 |page=2–C |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045944/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nsYyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3356,2371927 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Storied">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Curt|author-link=Curt Smith (author)|title=Storied Stadiums|url=https://archive.org/details/storiedstadiumsb00curt|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Carroll & Graf|location=New York City|isbn=0-7867-1187-6}}</ref> With artificial turf, the playing conditions at Busch Stadium were among the hottest in baseball,<ref name=holdhte>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LakcAAAAIBAJ&pg=5646%2C2336703 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Press |title=Busch Stadium holds the heat |last=Hertzel |first=Bob |date=August 3, 1987 |page=D2 |archive-date=November 22, 2021 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122171524/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LakcAAAAIBAJ&pg=5646%2C2336703 |url-status=live }}</ref> with temperatures well above the local official readings.<ref name=htfoot>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Q25IAAAAIBAJ&pg=3473%2C3717423 |newspaper=St. Petersburg Independent |agency=Associated Press |title=Turf gives Cards hotfoot |date=June 16, 1970 |page=1–C |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045941/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Q25IAAAAIBAJ&pg=3473,3717423 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=bahoft>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nIgfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3302%2C390045 |newspaper=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |agency=Associated Press |title=Busch Astroturf hits 152 degrees |date=July 2, 1970 |page=21 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045941/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nIgfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3302,390045 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Anheuser-Busch (who owned the baseball Cardinals at the time) bought the stadium in 1981 for $53 million and removed the "Memorial" from the stadium's name, becoming simply '''Busch Stadium'''; the price included the parking garages.<ref name="alookback"/>
[[Image:Busch Stadium new construction.jpg|thumb|245px|New & old Busch Stadiums in August 2005]]
Over the years, the grounds became home to bronze statues of [[Stan Musial]], [[Enos Slaughter]], [[Dizzy Dean]], [[Rogers Hornsby]], [[Red Schoendienst]], [[Lou Brock]], [[Bob Gibson]], [[Cool Papa Bell|James "Cool Papa" Bell]], [[George Sisler]], [[Jack Buck]], and [[Ozzie Smith]].{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Following Busch's last 1995 event—the Rams' October 22 game before the opening of the [[Dome at America's Center]]—the Cardinals retrofitted it into a baseball-only stadium. A large section of the upper deck outfield seats was closed, replaced with a hand-operated scoreboard and flags commemorating the Cardinals' retired numbers and World Series championships. The stadium's original natural grass field was restored, and the outfield walls were re-painted green from their original blue.<ref name=bsfogr>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sMQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=4456%2C5874912 |newspaper=Southeast Missourian |location=Cape Girardeau |agency=Associated Press |title=Busch Stadium rolls out the grass |date=February 14, 1996 |page=1B |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045939/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sMQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=4456,5874912 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File: Busch stadium.jpg|thumb|The 96 arches in the stadium's upper-level visually echo the Gateway Arch.]]

===Demolition===
[[Image:Old Busch Destroyed.jpg|thumb|245px|alt=Old Busch Destroyed.|Busch Stadium II demolition in December 2005]]
Busch Memorial Stadium was originally slated to be [[Building implosion|imploded]], like most modern-day stadium [[demolition]]s, to be able to finish construction on the new stadium in time for the [[2006 St. Louis Cardinals season|2006 season]]. Due to fear of damaging the nearby [[Stadium station (MetroLink)|Stadium MetroLink station]], it was decided to tear down the stadium with a [[wrecking ball]], piece-by-piece, over the course of a few weeks.

Demolition of the stadium began at 3:07&nbsp;p.m. [[Central Time Zone|CST]] on November 7 and was completed shortly after midnight on December 8, 2005.

Part of the footprint of the old stadium is occupied by the outfield of the new stadium. The Cardinals had planned to build [[St. Louis Ballpark Village|Ballpark Village]] on the site of the stadium ($320 million for the first phase). It was to consist of boutiques and restaurants, condominium apartments anchored by the new headquarters of [[Centene Corporation]]—all to be built in time for the [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star Game]] in [[2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|2009]].

None of the construction had occurred until groundbreaking ceremonies on February 8, 2013, and locals derisively referred to its rain-soaked unfinished status before that date as "Lake DeWitt"—after Cardinal President [[William DeWitt, Jr.]] In March 2009, the Cardinals announced the site would be used for a softball field and parking during the game.<ref>[http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/politics/story/419072777E45A64B8625757E000E7DA1?OpenDocument Ballpark Village site to become softball field, parking lot for now] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422171246/http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/politics/story/419072777E45A64B8625757E000E7DA1?OpenDocument |date=April 22, 2009 }} ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' March 19, 2009,</ref>

== Uses ==

===Baseball===
[[Image:LouBrockstealing.jpg|245px|thumb|[[Lou Brock]] [[Stolen base|stealing]] second base against the [[1975 Atlanta Braves season|Braves]] in August [[1975 St. Louis Cardinals season|1975]]<ref name=nlbxs>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qO0pAAAAIBAJ&pg=7301%2C5672929 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |agency=Associated Press |title=NL box scores |date=August 25, 1975 |page=2, part 2 }}</ref>]]
In its opening year, Busch Stadium hosted the [[1966 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star Game]], a 2–1 [[National League (baseball)|National League]] victory in 10 innings, mostly remembered for the humidity and {{convert|105|F}} temperatures. The stadium hosted [[World Series]] games in six different seasons: {{wsy|1967}}, {{wsy|1968}}, {{wsy|1982}}, {{wsy|1985}}, {{wsy|1987}}, and {{wsy|2004}}. The Cardinals won the World Series in [[1967 St. Louis Cardinals season|1967]] and [[1982 St. Louis Cardinals season|1982]] while playing in the stadium (the seventh game of the 1982 Series was won at Busch). The 1968 and 2004 World Series were clinched in Busch Stadium by visitors: the [[1968 Detroit Tigers season|Detroit Tigers]] in the seventh game and the [[2004 Boston Red Sox season|Boston Red Sox]] in a four-game sweep, respectively.

The stadium was also the site of [[Mark McGwire]]'s historic 62nd home run of the [[1998 St. Louis Cardinals season|1998 season]] that broke [[Roger Maris]]' single-season record, and also of McGwire's 70th of that season, for a record which lasted until [[Barry Bonds]] surpassed it in 2001. The dimensions in the center and the power alleys had been altered from time to time over the years. Initially, the park was very favorable to pitchers, with spacious outfield dimensions. Consequently, its design (as well as the Astroturf surface) was favorable to the Cardinals' style of play for most of the time from the 1960s through the 1990s, which emphasized good baserunning and extra-base hits. Later changes attempted to make the outfield better balanced between pitching and power hitting.<ref name="Storied"/>

Before the 1996 season, the stadium was retrofitted to become a baseball-only stadium. Part of the top deck in center field was permanently closed, and in 1997, flags were put in place to honor the team's retired numbers and pennants.<ref name=cibst>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eA4pAAAAIBAJ&pg=3614%2C2631439 |newspaper=Southeast Missourian |location=Cape Girardeau |agency=Associated Press |title=Cards inject Busch Stadium with the second dose of tradition |date=December 13, 1996 |page=3B }}</ref> Even before then, the stadium had come under less scorn from baseball purists than other cookie-cutter stadiums built during the same era, partly because the "crown of arches" gave it a more traditional look than its cousins and partially because it was alone amongst cookie-cutters in having field-level outfield seating.<ref name="Storied"/>

The baseball diamond was oriented [[Points of the compass#32 cardinal points|southeast by east]] (home to center field); the new stadium is aligned east-northeast, the recommended orientation by MLB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Baseball Rules, 2021 Edition |url=https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108025619/https://img.mlbstatic.com/mlb-images/image/upload/mlb/atcjzj9j7wrgvsm8wnjq.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2022 |access-date=December 4, 2022 |website=mlb.com}}</ref>

===Football===
Busch Stadium was also the home of the [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|St. Louis Cardinals]] of the [[National Football League]] for 22 seasons, from [[1966 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season|1966]] through [[1987 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season|1987]].

The stadium was one of, and later the smallest, facilities in the NFL: while the football Cardinals played there, it seated 54,692 people, barely more than the NFL's minimum capacity of 50,000 (mandated in 1970). Various efforts were made to get a new larger stadium or expansion of Busch Stadium, but after these failed, Cardinals owner [[Bill Bidwill]] relocated the team to [[Phoenix, Arizona]] after the 1987 season.

The football Cardinals never hosted a playoff game during their 28 seasons in St. Louis, while the "Gridbirds" made only three playoff appearances during that stretch, losing on the road against the [[1974 Minnesota Vikings season|Minnesota Vikings]] in [[1974–75 NFL playoffs|1974]], [[1975 Los Angeles Rams season|Los Angeles Rams]] in [[1975–76 NFL playoffs|1975]], and [[1982 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] in [[1982–83 NFL playoffs|1982]]. Despite this lack of success, they won the [[Third place playoff|third place]] [[Playoff Bowl]] after the [[1964 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season|1964 season]], upsetting [[Vince Lombardi]]'s [[1964 Green Bay Packers season|Packers]] 31–24 at the [[Miami Orange Bowl|Orange Bowl]] in [[Miami]].

Busch Stadium was also briefly the home of the [[1995 St. Louis Rams season|St. Louis Rams]], who had relocated from [[Anaheim Stadium]] in [[Anaheim, California]]. Due to completion of their new home stadium, the new and nearby Trans World Dome (later renamed the [[Dome at America's Center]]) being delayed, the Rams played the first half of the [[1995 St. Louis Rams season|1995 season]] at Busch Stadium: for these four home games, Busch Stadium seated 60,000 people.

The Rams played their last game at Busch Stadium on October 22, while the new indoor venue hosted its first NFL game on November 12, 1995.

Between the Cardinals' 1987 departure and the Rams' 1995 arrival, the stadium hosted two NFL pre-season games: one between the [[Seattle Seahawks]] and the [[New England Patriots]] in 1989, and one between the [[New York Jets]] and the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] in 1991.

===Soccer===

The [[St. Louis Stars (soccer)|St. Louis Stars]], a professional soccer team, played at Busch Stadium for several years in the 1960s and 1970s. They were initially a member of the [[National Professional Soccer League (1967)|National Professional Soccer League]] for one season in 1967 and moved to the [[North American Soccer League (1968–84)|North American Soccer League]] for their remaining seasons, which they split between Busch Stadium and [[Francis Field (St. Louis)|Francis Field]]. The team set their record attendance of 32,605 against the [[New York Cosmos (1970–1985)|New York Cosmos]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gordon |first=Jeff |date=November 18, 2018 |title=Gordo: Remembering the area's fringe sports teams |url=https://www.stltoday.com/sports/columns/jeff-gordon/gordo-stl-s-fringe-sports-teams/collection_5fd06089-69a3-55b1-b20c-52a358955001.html |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url-access=subscription |accessdate=July 20, 2023 |archive-date=July 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721042456/https://www.stltoday.com/sports/columns/jeff-gordon/gordo-stl-s-fringe-sports-teams/collection_5fd06089-69a3-55b1-b20c-52a358955001.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cross |first=Wally |date=June 24, 1977 |title=Stars Get The Verdict Before Record Witnesses |page=1C |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-stars-get-the-ve/128600548/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |accessdate=July 20, 2023 |archive-date=July 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721042455/https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-stars-get-the-ve/128600548/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Stars were relocated to [[Southern California]] after the 1977 season after being unable to sign a new lease at Busch Stadium.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cross |first=Wally |date=October 9, 1977 |title=How Many Players Will Move To West Coast With Soccer Stars? |page=10G |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-how-many-players/128600671/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=July 20, 2023 |archive-date=July 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721042456/https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-how-many-players/128600671/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The stadium also hosted international soccer. It served as the temporary home venue for [[Trinidad and Tobago national football team|Trinidad and Tobago]] in a [[1985 CONCACAF Championship]] match against the [[United States men's national soccer team|United States]], who won 2–1 in front of 15,823 fans. The match was part of regional qualifiers for the [[1986 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Burnes |first=Cathie |date=May 17, 1985 |title=U.S. Wins, Ever So Slowly, 2-1 |page=5D |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-us-wins-ever/128600809/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=July 20, 2023 |archive-date=July 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721042907/https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-us-wins-ever/128600809/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The annual [[Saint Louis–SIU Edwardsville men's soccer rivalry|Bronze Boot Game]] between the [[Saint Louis Billikens men's soccer|Saint Louis Billikens]] and the [[SIU Edwardsville Cougars men's soccer|SIU Edwardsville Cougars]] was played at Busch Stadium from 1972 until 1985. The matchup saw record size crowds, including the all-time record attendance for a regular season college soccer match: 22,512 on October 30, 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=Men's Soccer Attendance Records|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_soccer_RB/2014/attend.pdf|website=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]|publisher=ncaa.org|accessdate=July 3, 2024|archive-date=April 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410061617/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_soccer_RB/2014/attend.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Concerts===
Acts who have performed at Busch Stadium include:
*[[The Beatles]], on August 21, 1966, during their final North American tour.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-beatles/1966/busch-memorial-stadium-st-louis-mo-7bd67e1c.html |title=The Beatles Setlist at Busch Memorial Stadium, St. Louis, Missouri, USA |publisher=setlist.fm |access-date=June 18, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Jeff Beck]], [[Ted Nugent]], [[Jefferson Starship]] and [[Fleetwood Mac]], as part of "Super Jam 76"
*[[The Rolling Stones]], on September 17, 1989, during their [[Steel Wheels Tour]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holden |first1=Stephen |title=Rolling Stones' Tour |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/11/arts/rolling-stones-tour.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 11, 1989 |access-date=November 9, 2019}}</ref>
*[[New Kids on the Block]] on August 26, 1990, during [[The Magic Summer Tour]]
*[[U2]] on September 20, 1992, during their [[Zoo TV Tour]]
*[[Paul McCartney]] on April 29, 1993, during [[The New World Tour]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Corrigan |first1=Patricia |title='The Cute Beatle' Wows Crowd Here |url=https://stltoday.newspapers.com/clip/4856945/4301993_paul_mccartney_hits_a_home/ |newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=April 30, 1993 |page=1 |access-date=November 9, 2019 |archive-date=November 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109012144/https://stltoday.newspapers.com/clip/4856945/4301993_paul_mccartney_hits_a_home/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Elton John]] and [[Billy Joel]] on August 9, 1994, during their first Face to Face Tour<ref>{{cite web |last1=Derrick |first1=Sean |title=BILLY JOEL TO PLAY BUSCH STADIUM ON SEPTEMBER 21 |url=http://www.midwestrewind.com/2017/02/03/billy-joel-play-busch-stadium-september-21/ |website=midwestrewind.com |date=February 3, 2017 |publisher=First Mag |access-date=October 27, 2019}}</ref>

==Seating capacity==
{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Baseball
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball primary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|Years
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball primary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|Capacity
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1966
| 49,275<ref>{{cite news |title=Cardinals Set New Record for Attendance|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19660829&id=Pe9RAAAAIBAJ&pg=3299,5586832|newspaper=[[St. Petersburg Times]]|date=August 29, 1966|access-date=August 14, 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1967–1970
| 49,450<ref>{{cite news|title=Cardinals Send Briles Against Bell in Hopes of Winning Series at Home|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1774&dat=19671007&id=Pn4fAAAAIBAJ&pg=3602,1500756|newspaper=[[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]]|date=October 7, 1967|access-date=August 14, 2013|archive-date=September 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045944/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1774&dat=19671007&id=Pn4fAAAAIBAJ&pg=3602,1500756|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1971–1978
| 50,126<ref>{{cite news|title=A View From the Bleachers|url=http://www.modernsteel.com/archives/PDFs_61-90/1971A9_11-3.pdf|work=Modern Steel Construction|access-date=August 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526232256/http://www.modernsteel.com/archives/PDFs_61-90/1971A9_11-3.pdf|archive-date=May 26, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1979–1986
| 50,222<ref>{{cite news|title=Some 22,000 Series Tickets Go On Sale in St. Louis Saturday|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tMtbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3628,38772&dq=en|newspaper=[[St. Joseph News-Press]]|date=October 1, 1982|access-date=August 14, 2013|archive-date=December 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201020825/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tMtbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3628%2C38772&dq=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1987
| 53,138<ref name="capincr">{{cite book |last1=Snyder|first1=John|title=Cardinals Journal: Year by Year and Day by Day with the St. Louis Cardinals Since 1882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUDCkwoHsYkC&q=false&pg=PA622|access-date=August 14, 2013|edition=Second|year=2010|publisher=Clerisy Press|location=Cincinnati|isbn=978-1-57860-338-1|page=622}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1988–1989
| 54,224<ref>{{cite web|title=Departure of Football Cardinals Helped Baseball Cardinals|url=http://retrosimba.com/2013/03/13/departure-of-football-cardinals-helped-baseball-cardinals/|work=RetroSimba|date=March 13, 2013|access-date=August 14, 2013|archive-date=October 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022214306/http://retrosimba.com/2013/03/13/departure-of-football-cardinals-helped-baseball-cardinals/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1990
| 54,727<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jackson |first1=Andre |last2=Scales–Cobbs |first2=Ann |date=December 31, 1990 |title=Murders Up In City, County For 1990 Property Crimes Show Decline |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-murders-up-in-ci/162917661/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |page=3A |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1991
| 56,227<ref name="1991cap">{{Cite news |last=Cobbs |first=Ann Scales |date=1991-04-13 |title=Baseball Fans Suffer Cold, Rain For Tickets |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-baseball-fans-su/162917104/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |page=4A |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1992–1994
| 56,627<ref name="19921994cap">{{cite news |last=Kohn |first=Edward H. |date=April 3, 1992 |title=Workers Prepare Stadium for Opening Day |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-busch-stadium-ge/58382721/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |pages=1, 20 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kohn |first=Edward H. |date=April 11, 1993 |title=Civic Center Has a 'Vision' for Busch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-civic-center-has/162917248/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |page=2F |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1995
| 57,078<ref name="19951996cap"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1996
| 57,673<ref name="19951996cap">{{cite news |last=McGuire |first=John M. |date=April 7, 1996 |title=Turf's Up! The Cardinals Have a New Field of Dream |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-turfs-up/162917436/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |page=6 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1997–2000
| 49,676<ref>{{cite news|title=Busch Stadium Adds Old–Fashioned Scoreboard|first=Jim|last=Salter|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bcghAAAAIBAJ&pg=5353,5299520&dq=en|newspaper=[[Fort Scott Tribune]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=December 13, 1996|access-date=August 14, 2013|archive-date=December 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201020822/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bcghAAAAIBAJ&pg=5353%2C5299520&dq=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|2001–2003
| 50,354<ref>{{cite web|title=Sea of Red Helps Busch Grade|first=Jeff|last=Merron|url=https://www.espn.com/page2/s/ballparks/busch.html|work=[[ESPN]]|access-date=August 14, 2013|archive-date=August 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812071632/https://www.espn.com/page2/s/ballparks/busch.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{Baseball secondary style|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|2004–2005
| 50,345<ref>{{cite news |last=Shontz |first=Lori |date=February 25, 2006 |title=Cardinals Halt Season Ticket Sales |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-cardinals-halt-s/162917559/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |page=B4 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Football
|-
! scope="row" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|Years
! scope="row" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|Capacity
|-
! scope="row" style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1966–1969
| 49,818<ref name="capincr"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1970–1971
| 50,492<ref name="capincr"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1972–1985
| 51,392<ref name="capincr"/>
|-
! scope="row" style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Cardinals}};"|1986–1994
| 54,692<ref name="capincr"/>
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="row" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Rams 95thru99}};"|Years
! scope="row" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Rams 95thru99}};"|Capacity
|-
! scope="row" style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|St. Louis Rams 95thru99}};"|1995
| 60,000<ref>{{cite news|title=Brooks Unfazed that Rams Won't Have Dome for Home|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19951014&id=x0lWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6543,3291247|newspaper=[[The Register-Guard]]|location=Eugene|date=October 14, 1995|access-date=August 14, 2013|archive-date=September 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045941/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19951014&id=x0lWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6543,3291247|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
{{col-end}}

==See also==
* [[Soccer in St. Louis]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="alookback">{{cite news |title=In 1966, new Busch Stadium was a tub-thumping civic cause | url=http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/look-back/a-look-back-in-new-busch-stadium-was-a-tub/article_7d21a83c-b411-5e1f-ac4c-7f9b2f3c3228.html |date=May 11, 2013 |first=Tim |last=O'Neil |newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |access-date=May 18, 2013 |archive-date=August 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823035434/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/look-back/a-look-back-in-new-busch-stadium-was-a-tub/article_7d21a83c-b411-5e1f-ac4c-7f9b2f3c3228.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite news |last=O'Neil |first=Tim |date=2005-10-02 |title=A toast to Busch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-a-toast-to-busch/162918119/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-a-toast-to-busch/162918119/ A1] [https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-busch-stadium-ii/60302938/ A5] |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Busch Memorial Stadium}}
*[http://www.ballparksofbaseball.com/past/BuschStadium.htm Busch Stadium-St. Louis Cardinals] at Ballparks of Baseball
*[http://www.ballparks.com/baseball/national/buschs.htm Ballparks by Munsey and Suppes – Busch Stadium]
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210023632/http://www.redbirdcentral.com/demolition_TL.htm |title=Busch Stadium III Construction Time-Lapse |date=December 10, 2005}}
*{{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020915222224/http://cardinals.mlb.com/nasapp/mlb/stl/ballpark/stl_ballpark_history.jsp |title=Busch Stadium history |date=September 15, 2002}}, from the [[Major League Baseball]] website
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209104339/http://tsn.sportingnews.com/baseball/ballparks/busch.html |title=Busch Stadium |date=February 9, 2006}}, from the ''[[Sporting News]]''
*[http://photos.johnsebben.com/?page=old_busch_stadium_demolition_diary Busch Stadium Demolition Diary]

{{Navboxes|list1=
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
 | title = Home of the <br> [[St. Louis Cardinals (NL)]]
 | years = 1966&ndash;2005
 | before = [[Sportsman's Park|Busch Stadium (I)]]
 | after = [[Busch Stadium|Busch Stadium (III)]]
}}
{{succession box
 | title = Home of the <br> [[St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)]]
 | years = 1966&ndash;1987
 | before = [[Sportsman's Park|Busch Stadium (I)]]
 | after = [[Sun Devil Stadium]]
}}
{{succession box
 | title = Home of the <br> [[St. Louis Rams]]
 | years = September 10, 1995 &ndash; October 22, 1995
 | before = [[Anaheim Stadium]]
 | after = [[Trans World Dome]]
}}
{{succession box
 | title = Host of the [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star Game]]
 | years = 1966
 | before = [[Metropolitan Stadium]]
 | after = [[Anaheim Stadium]]
}}
{{succession box
 | title = Host of the [[NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship|College Cup]]
 | years = 1974
 | before = [[Miami Orange Bowl]]
 | after = [[Ralph Korte Stadium]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{St. Louis Cardinals}}
{{Arizona Cardinals}}
{{Los Angeles Rams}}
{{California Surf}}
{{Defunct NFL stadiums}}
{{Defunct MLB Ballparks}}
}}

[[Category:Baseball venues in St. Louis]]
[[Category:St. Louis Cardinals stadiums]]
[[Category:St. Louis Cardinals (football) stadiums]]
[[Category:St. Louis Rams stadiums]]
[[Category:California Surf sports facilities|b]]
[[Category:Demolished sports venues in Missouri]]
[[Category:Defunct multi-purpose stadiums in the United States]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1966]]
[[Category:Sports venues demolished in 2005]]
[[Category:1966 establishments in Missouri]]
[[Category:2005 disestablishments in Missouri]]
[[Category:Defunct Major League Baseball venues]]
[[Category:Defunct NFL venues]]
[[Category:Sports venues in St. Louis]]
[[Category:American football venues in Missouri]]
[[Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in the United States]]
[[Category:Edward Durell Stone buildings]]
[[Category:Defunct American football venues in the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct baseball venues in the United States]]
[[Category:North American Soccer League (1968–1984) stadiums]]
[[Category:Defunct soccer venues in the United States]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in St. Louis]]
[[Category:Demolished buildings and structures in St. Louis]]
[[Category:Anheuser-Busch advertising]]