Editing Burgh Castle

{{Short description|Village in Norfolk, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country = England
| coordinates = {{coord|52.58547|1.65365|display=inline,title}}
| os_grid_reference = TG476049
| official_name = Burgh Castle
| population = 1,323
| population_ref = (2021)
| area_total_km2 = 6.01
| static_image_name = Burgh Castle SS Peter and Paul.jpg
| static_image_caption = Church of St. Peter and St. Paul
| shire_district = [[Great Yarmouth (borough)|Great Yarmouth]]
| shire_county = [[Norfolk]]
| region = East of England
| civil_parish = Burgh Castle
| constituency_westminster = [[Great Yarmouth]]
| postcode_district = NR31
| postcode_area = NR
| post_town = GREAT YARMOUTH
| dial_code = 01493
| london_distance = 
}}'''Burgh Castle''' is a village and civil parish in the [[England|English]] county of [[Norfolk]].

Burgh Castle is located {{Convert|3.2|mi|km}} south-west of [[Great Yarmouth]] and {{Convert|16|mi|km}} east of [[Norwich]]. The parish was part of [[Suffolk]] until 1974.<ref>}{{cite web |last=Spooner |first=S. |date=2005 |title=Parish Summary: Burgh Castle |url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?TNF184-Burgh-Castle-%28Parish-Summary%29 |accessdate=14 November 2022 |publisher=norfolk.gov.uk}}</ref>[[File:Burgh Castle aerial, 2015.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Burgh Castle Roman Site|Roman fort]] remains from above]]
[[File:Wall-of-Burgh-Castle-England-UK.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Burgh Castle walls, 1845 engraving]]

==History==
Burgh Castle was likely the site of a [[Neolithic]] settlement due to an abundance of flint and bronze axe-heads being discovered in the area.<ref> {{Cite web |title=mnf31204 - Norfolk Heritage Explorer |url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk}} </ref><ref> {{Cite web |title=mnf17108 - Norfolk Heritage Explorer |url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk}} </ref>

Burgh Castle is the location of a [[Burgh Castle (Roman fortification)|Roman fortification]] called ''Gariannonum'' which dates to the third century; the fort was part of system of coastal defence, the [[Saxon Shore]], against [[Anglo-Saxon]] incursions on the [[East Anglia]]n coast. The site is managed by the Norfolk Archaeological Trust and is open free of charge to the public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burgh Castle Roman Fort |url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/burgh-castle/ |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=English Heritage}} </ref>

Bradwell's name is of mixed [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] and [[Normans|Norman]] origin and derives from the [[Old English]] ''burh'' (meaning fort) and the [[Norman French]] 'castle.'<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key to English Place-names |url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Suffolk/Burgh%20Castle |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=kepn.nottingham.ac.uk}}</ref>

It has been suggested by the [[Elizabethan era|Elizabethan]] historian [[William Camden]], that Burgh Castle is the site of [[Cnobheresburg]], the first Irish monastery in southern England founded by [[Saint Fursey]] in the seventh century as part of the [[Hiberno-Scottish mission]].<ref> {{Cite web |title=Burgh-Castle-(Parish-Summary) - Norfolk Heritage Explorer |url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk}} </ref>

In the [[Domesday Book]], Burgh Castle is recorded as a settlement of 15 households in the [[Hundred (county division)|hundred]] of [[Lothingland]]. In 1086, the village was part of the estates of Ralph the Bowman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burgh [Castle] {{!}} Domesday Book |url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TG4704/burgh-castle/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=opendomesday.org}}</ref>

Burgh Castle was also the site of a Norman castle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burgh Castle Roman fort, vicus, pre-Conquest monastery and Norman motte and bailey castle, Burgh Castle - 1013094 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1013094?section=official-list-entry |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=historicengland.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>

Burgh Castle was once used to imprison [[Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany]].{{dub|date=September 2024}}

Other listed buildings in Burgh Castle include Church Farmhouse (c.1788),<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHURCH FARMHOUSE, Burgh Castle - 1172229 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1172229?section=official-list-entry |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=historicengland.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> the Old Rectory (c.1832)<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE OLD RECTORY, Burgh Castle - 1172236 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1172236?section=official-list-entry |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=historicengland.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> and the Grange (Seventeenth Century).<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE GRANGE, Burgh Castle - 1372903 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1372903?section=official-list-entry |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=historicengland.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>

== Geography ==
According to the [[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 census]], Burgh Castle has a population of 1,323 people which shows an increase from the 1,150 people recorded in the [[2011 United Kingdom census|2011 census]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burgh Castle (Parish, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastofengland/admin/great_yarmouth/E04006265__burgh_castle/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>

The northern boundary of the parish is marked by the confluence of the [[River Waveney]] and [[River Yare]]. The village is also within the [[Norfolk Broads]].

Amenities within the village include two [[Pub|pubs]] (The Queen's Head<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Queens Head - Public House in Burgh Castle, Great Yarmouth - Great Yarmouth |url=https://www.visitgreatyarmouth.co.uk/eat/the-queens-head-p1384151 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=www.visitgreatyarmouth.co.uk}}</ref> and The Fisherman's Inn<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burgh Castle Pub and Restaurant {{!}} The Fisherman's Inn {{!}} Burgh Castle |url=https://www.thefishermansinn.co.uk/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Mysite |language=en}}</ref>) as well as the Burgh Hall Bar & Restaurant<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burgh Hall - Great Yarmouth, Norfolk - Home |url=https://burgh-hall.co.uk/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=www.burgh-hall.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> and Golden Fish (a [[Chinese food|Chinese Takeaway]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Fish |url=https://www.goldenfishchinese.co.uk/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=goldenfishchinese.co.uk |language=en}}</ref>

==St Peter and St Paul's Church==
Burgh Castle's parish church is dedicated to [[Saint Peter]] and [[Saint Paul]] and is one of Norfolk's 124 remaining [[round-tower church]]es. St. Peter and St. Paul's is located on Church Road and has been Grade II listed since 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Burgh Castle - 1051008 {{!}} Historic England |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1051008 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=historicengland.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> The church incorporates significant amounts of Roman brick in its foundations, almost certainly from the nearby Roman fort.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rose |first1=E. |last2=Holburn |first2=D. |title=Norfolk Heritage Explorer – St Peter and St Paul's Church, Burgh Castle |date=1996–2011 | url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?MNF10500-St-Peter-and-St-Paul%27s-Church-Burgh-Castle&Index=9764&RecordCount=57338&SessionID=eaf21209-b17f-40be-a54d-9a10cf7e0107 |accessdate=14 November 2022}}</ref> 

== Governance ==
Burgh Castle is part of the [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] of Lothingland for local elections and is part of the [[Non-metropolitan district|district]] of [[Great Yarmouth (district)|Great Yarmouth]].

The village's national constituency is [[Great Yarmouth (UK Parliament constituency)|Great Yarmouth]] which has been represented by the [[Reform UK|Reform UK's]] [[Rupert Lowe]] since 2024.

== War memorial ==
Burgh Castle has two war memorials, both located inside St. Peter and St. Paul's Church. The memorial for the [[First World War]] is a metal embossed plaque whilst the memorial for the [[Second World War]] is a wooden plaque which was unveiled by [[Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside|Field Marshal Edmund Ironside GCB DSO]] in 1953. The memorial lists the following names for the First World War:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll of Honour - Suffolk - Burgh Castle |url=https://roll-of-honour.com/Suffolk/BurghCastle.html |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=roll-of-honour.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Rank
!Name
!Unit
!Date of Death
!Burial
|-
|Capt.
|Thomas Frederick [[Military Cross|MC]]
|9th Bn., [[Norfolk Regiment]]
|14 Dec. 1917
|[[Mont-Huon Military Cemetery]]
|-
|AS
|James M. Pembroke
|[[Royal Navy]]
|12 Mar. 1917
|[[Chatham Naval Memorial]]
|-
|LCpl.
|Arthur S. Bond
|7th Bn., [[Norfolk Regiment]]
|24 Dec. 1915
|Guards Cemetery, [[Cuinchy]]
|-
|OS
|Robert S. Saul
|[[HMS Formidable (1898)|''HMS Formidable'']]
|1 Jan. 1915
|[[Chatham Naval Memorial]]
|-
|Pte.
|John Johnson
|2nd Bn., [[Machine Gun Corps]]
|8 Nov. 1918
|St. Sever Cemetery, [[Rouen]]
|-
|Pte.
|James Casey
|3rd Bn., [[Middlesex Regiment]]
|30 Sep. 1915
|[[Loos Memorial]]
|-
|Pte.
|Edward J. Casey
|11th Bn., Middlesex Rgt.
|6 Oct. 1916
|[[Thiepval Memorial]]
|-
|Pte.
|Louis A. Collett
|1st Bn., [[Norfolk Regiment]]
|4 Jun. 1916
|[[Arras Memorial]]
|-
|Pte.
|Herbert H. Perfect
|1st Bn., Norfolk Rgt.
|3 Nov. 1914
|Eastern Cemetery, [[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]]
|-
|Pte.
|Bertie F. Read
|2nd Bn., [[Northamptonshire Regiment]]
|3 Dec. 1915
|Brewery Orchard Cemetery, [[Bois-Grenier]]
|-
|Pte.
|Harry E. Hewitt
|5th Bn., Northamptonshire Rgt.
|17 Jul. 1917
|British Cemetery, [[Monchy-le-Preux|Monchy]]
|-
|Pte.
|Joshua Hewitt
|8th Bn., [[Suffolk Regiment]]
|4 May 1917
|[[Warlencourt British Cemetery]]
|-
|Pte.
|Robert Brooks
|9th Bn., Suffolk Rgt.
|16 Sep. 1916
|[[Thiepval Memorial]]
|-
|Rfn.
|Robert G. Harvey
|4th Bn., [[Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own)|Rifle Brigade]]
|9 Dec. 1918
|Town Cemetery, [[Taranto]]
|-
|Rfn.
|William Read
|8th Bn., Rifle Brigade
|19 Sep. 1917
|Communal Cemetery, [[Bailleul, Nord|Bailleul]]
|-
|Tpr.
|William Flaxman
|1st Tp., [[Life Guards (United Kingdom)|Life Guards]]
|13 May 1915
|[[Menin Gate]]
|-
|B1C
|George H. High
|[[HMS Pathfinder (1904)|''HMS Pathfinder'']]
|5 Sep. 1914
|[[Chatham Naval Memorial]]
|-
|Skp.
|George S. Meale
|[[Naval drifter|''H.M. Drifter Frons Olivae'']]
|12 Oct. 1915
|Ss. Peter and Paul Churchyard, Burgh Castle
|-
|2Hd.
|Edward Casey
|''H.M. Trawler Dhoon''
|24 Nov. 1916
|[[Chatham Naval Memorial]]
|-
|Dhd.
|George R. Hewett
|''H.M. Trawler Aspasia''
|7 Mar. 1919
|[[Poole|Poole Cemetery]]
|-
|Dhd.
|Albert V. Brackenbury
|''H.M. Trawler Principal''
|25 Nov. 1918
|Dean Road Cemetery, [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]]
|}
And, the following for the Second World War:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Rank
!Name
!Unit
!Date of Death
!Burial
|-
|S1C
|Percy W. Godtbill
|[[HMS Thames (N71)|''HMS Thames'']]
|3 Aug. 1940
|[[Chatham Naval Memorial]]
|-
|Sgt.
|Arthur J. Davies
|[[Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve]]
|7 Jun. 1944
|SS. Peter and Paul Churchyard, Burgh Castle
|-
|AS
|William R. Rolfe
|''[[HMS Cicala]]''
|16 Dec. 1942
|[[Stanley Military Cemetery]]
|-
|Dvr.
|George H. Wright
|[[Royal Army Service Corps]], att. [[II Corps (United Kingdom)|II Corps]]
|2 May 1940
|[[Dunkirk Memorial]]
|-
|Gnr.
|Charles A. Mace
|4 Rgt., [[Royal Horse Artillery]]
|15 Dec. 1940
|[[Halfaya Sollum War Cemetery]]
|-
|Pte.
|Nelson F. B. Sayer
|1st Bn., [[Suffolk Regiment]]
|23 Nov. 1944
|[[Mierlo War Cemetery]]
|-
|Rfn.
|Harry L. Perfect
|1st Bn., [[Royal Ulster Rifles]]
|6 Apr. 1945
|[[Argenta Gap War Cemetery]]
|}
And, Mr. Clive G. Harvey of the [[Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)|Merchant Navy]].

==See also==
* [[House of Burgh]]
* [[William de Burgh]]
* [[Hubert de Burgh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Burgh Castle}}
{{oscoor gbx|TG476049}}
* [http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/places/gariannum/ Gariannum Roman Fort], Roman-Britain.co.uk
*[http://www.norfarchtrust.org.uk/burghcastle/ Burgh Castle fort] at Norfolk Archaeological Trust
*[http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SFK/BurghCastle/ Burgh Castle] at genuki.org.uk
*[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/burgh-castle/history/ Burgh Castle] at [[English Heritage]]
*[https://www.roundtowerchurches.net/norfolk/norfolk-a-b/burgh-castle-2/ St Peter's and St Paul's on the European Round Tower Churches Website]
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/lsurpix/sets/72157606330194894/ Photographs of the church and fort] at flickr.com
*[http://www.furseypilgrims.co.uk/who.htm Hursey Pilgrims] - Christian pilgrimage to Burgh Castle

{{Civil Parishes of Great Yarmouth}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Norfolk]]
[[Category:Castles in Norfolk]]
[[Category:Ruins in Norfolk]]
[[Category:English Heritage sites in Norfolk]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Norfolk]]
[[Category:Kingdom of East Anglia]]
[[Category:Borough of Great Yarmouth]]