Editing Buda

{{short description|Ancient capital of the Kingdom of Hungary}}
{{Redirect|Ofen|the pass|Fuorn Pass|other uses|Buda (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Budin|the Filipino cake|Cassava cake}}
{{Distinguish|Buddha}}
[[File:Nuremberg chronicles - BVJA.png|thumb|400px|Buda in the Middle Ages (''[[Nuremberg Chronicle]]'', 1493)]]

'''Buda''' ({{IPA|hu|ˈbudɒ}}, {{langx|de|Ofen}})<ref>{{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|separator=" / "|Budim|Будим}}, [[Czech language|Czech]] and {{langx|sk|Budín}}, {{langx|ota|بودین|Budin}}</ref> is the part of [[Budapest]], the capital city of [[Hungary]], that lies on the western bank of the [[Danube]]. Historically, “Buda” referred only to the royal walled city on Castle Hill ({{langx|hu|Várhegy}}), which was constructed by [[Béla IV]] between 1247 and 1249 and subsequently served as the capital of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] from 1361 to 1873. In 1873, Buda was administratively unified with [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]] and [[Óbuda]] to form modern Budapest. 

Royal Buda is called the ''[[Castle Quarter (Budapest)|Várnegyed]]'' ({{Literal translation|Castle Quarter}}) today, while “Buda” ''[[pars pro toto]]'' denotes Budapest’s I., II., III., XI., XII. and XXII. districts. This colloquial definition thus includes medieval Óbuda and amounts to a third of the city’s total area, much of it forested. Buda's landmarks include the [[Royal Palace (Budapest)|Royal Palace]], [[Matthias Church]], the [[Citadella]], [[Gellért Baths]], the [[Buda Hills]], the [[Carmelite Monastery of Buda]], and the residence of the [[President of Hungary]], [[Sándor Palace]].

== Etymology ==
According to a legend recorded in chronicles from the [[Middle Ages]], the name "Buda" comes from the name of [[Bleda]] ({{langx|hu|Buda}}), brother of Hunnic ruler [[Attila]].{{Blockquote|''[[Attila]] went in the city of Sicambria in Pannonia, where he killed [[Bleda|Buda]], his brother, and he threw his corpse into the [[Danube]]. For while [[Attila]] was in the west, his brother crossed the boundaries in his reign, because he named Sicambria after his own name Buda's Castle. And though King [[Attila]] forbade the Huns and the other peoples to call that city Buda's Castle, but he called it Attila's Capital, the Germans who were terrified by the prohibition named the city as Eccylburg, which means Attila Castle, however, the Hungarians did not care about the ban and call it Óbuda [Old Buda] and call it to this day.''|[[Mark of Kalt]]: ''[[Chronicon Pictum]]''<ref>''Mark of Kalt: Chronicon Pictum'' https://mek.oszk.hu/10600/10642/10642.htm</ref>}}{{Blockquote|''The [[Scythians]] are certainly an ancient people and the strength of [[Scythia]] lies in the east, as we said above. And the first king of [[Scythia]] was Magog, son of Japhet, and his people were called Magyars [Hungarians] after their King Magog, from whose royal line the most renowned and mighty King [[Attila]] descended, who, in the 451st year of Our Lord’s birth, coming down from [[Scythia]], entered Pannonia with a mighty force and, putting the Romans to flight, took the realm and made a royal residence for himself beside the [[Danube]] above the hot springs, and he ordered all the old buildings that he found there to be restored and he built them in a circular and very strong wall that in the Hungarian language is now called Budavár [Buda Castle] and by the Germans Etzelburg [Attila Castle]''|[[Anonymus (notary of Béla III)|Anonymus]]: ''[[Gesta Hungarorum]]''<ref>''Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians'' https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/18975/1/18975.pdf</ref>}}

== Demographics ==
[[File:Flag of Buda (pre-1873).svg|left|thumb|Flag of Buda before 1873.<ref name="symbols">{{cite book|editor-first=András|editor-last=Nyerges|title=Pest-Buda, Budapest szimbólumai|trans-title=Budapest arms & colours: throughout the centuries|year=1998|publisher=Budapest Főváros Levéltára|location=Budapest|page=2}}</ref>]]
[[File:Buda város címere 1703.JPG|right|thumb|150px|Historical coat of arms of Buda, used between 1703 and 1873.<ref name="symbols" />]]

The Buda [[Fortification|fortress]] and [[palace]] were built by King [[Béla IV of Hungary]] in 1247, and were the nucleus around which the town of Buda was built, which soon gained great importance, and became in 1361 the capital of Hungary.<ref>{{EB1911|wstitle= Budapest |volume= 04 |last= Briliant |first= Oscar | pages = 734–737; see page 737, first two lines |quote=This fortress and palace were built by King Bela IV. in 1247, and were the nucleus round which the town of Buda was built, which soon gained significant importance, and became in 1361 the capital of Hungary}}</ref>

While [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]] was mostly [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] in the 15th century, Buda had a [[Germanic peoples|German]] majority;<ref name=Pallas>{{cite web|url=http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/egyeb/lexikon/pallas/html/016/pc001672.html#9|title=Budapest|work=A Pallas Nagy Lexikona|language=hu|access-date=2009-11-03}}</ref> however according to the Hungarian Royal Treasury, it had a Hungarian majority with a sizeable German minority in 1495.<ref>Károly Kocsis (DSc, University of Miskolc) – Zsolt Bottlik (PhD, Budapest University) – Patrik Tátrai: Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határon túli régióiban, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) – Földrajtudományi Kutatóintézet (Academy of Geographical Studies); Budapest; 2006.; {{ISBN|963-9545-10-4}}, CD Atlas</ref> In 1432, [[Bertrandon de la Broquière]] wrote that Buda "is governed by Germans, as well in respect to police as commerce, and what regards the different professions". He noted a significant [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Jewish]] population in the city, proficient in French, many of whom were descendants of Jews previously expelled from France.<ref>{{Cite book |last=de la Brocquière |first=Bertrandon |title=A mission to the medieval Middle East: the travels of Bertrandon de la Brocquière to Jerusalem and Constantinople |last2=Rossabi |first2=Morris |date= |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-83860-794-4 |edition= |location=London New York Oxford New Delhi Sydney |pages=309-310 |translator-last=Johnes |translator-first=Thomas}}</ref>

Buda became part of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-ruled central Hungary from 1541 to 1686. It was the capital of the province of [[Budin Eyalet|Budin]] during the Ottoman era. By the middle of the seventeenth century Buda had become majority [[Muslims|Muslim]], largely resulting from an influx of [[Balkans|Balkan]] Muslims.<ref>{{cite book |last=Faroqhi|first=Suraiya |editor-last=İnalcık |editor-first=Halil |editor2=Donald Quataert |title=An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914 |volume=2 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1994 |pages=440 |chapter=Crisis and Change, 1590–1699 |isbn=0-521-57456-0}}</ref>

In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed European campaign was started to enter Buda, which was formerly the capital of medieval Hungary. This time, the [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League]]'s army was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including [[Germans|German]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]], [[Hungarians|Hungarian]], [[English people|English]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]], [[Czechs|Czech]], [[French people|French]], [[Croats|Croat]], [[Burgundy|Burgundian]], [[Danish people|Danish]] and [[Swedish people|Swedish]] soldiers, along with other [[Europeans]] as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers, the Christian forces reconquered Buda (see [[Battle of Buda (1686)|Siege of Buda]]).

After the reconquest of Buda, bourgeoisie from different parts of southern Germany moved into the almost deserted city. Germans — also clinging to their language — partly crowded out, partly assimilated the Hungarians and Serbians they had found here.<ref name=Pallas/> As the rural population moved into Buda, in the 19th century Hungarians slowly became the majority there.

== Notable residents ==
[[File:Hans Krell - Portrait of King Louis II of Hungary (c.1526).jpg|thumb|140px|Portrait of King Louis II of Hungary ca.1526]]
* [[Andrew III of Hungary]], (ca.1265–1301) [[King of Hungary]] and Croatia, 1290 to 1301, buried in the Greyfriars' Church, a Franciscan church in Buda
* [[Jadwiga of Poland]], (ca.1373–1399), born in Buda, first female monarch of the [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty|Kingdom of Poland]]
* [[John Corvinus]] (1473–1504) illegitimate son of [[Matthias Corvinus]], King of Hungary, and his mistress, [[Barbara Edelpöck]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Corvinus, János | volume= 7 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| page = 210 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Louis II of Hungary]] (1506–1526) King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia from 1516 to 1526.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Louis II. of Hungary | volume= 17 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| pages = 49–50 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Aaron ben Joseph of Buda]] (ca. 1686), poet
* [[Mihail G. Boiagi]], (1780 – ca.1842) an [[Aromanians|Aromanian]] grammarian and professor
* [[László Szalay]] (1813–1864) a Hungarian statesman and historian.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Szalay, Ladislas |volume= 26 | page = 318 |short=1 }}</ref>
* [[József Eötvös]] (1813–1871) a Hungarian writer and statesman.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Eötvös, József, Baron | volume= 9 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| page = 665 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis]] (1818–1865), a Hungarian physician and scientist. An early pioneer of antiseptic procedures, he proposed doctors start the practice of [[disinfection|disinfecting]] their hands.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Semmelweiss, Ignatz Philipp |volume= 24 |last= Allbutt |first= Thomas Clifford |author-link= Thomas Clifford Allbutt | page = 631 |short=1 }}</ref>
* [[Kornelije Stanković]], (1831–1865) notable Serbian composer, born and died in Buda
* [[Edmund Hauler]] (1859–1941), [[classicist]] and [[philologist]]

== Twin cities ==
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Capestrano]], Italy

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Chiesa di Maria Maddalena.jpg|Mary Magdalene Church, Buda
File:Orszaghaz utca.jpg|Országház utca (= Parliament Street)
File:Ristorante del Vecchio Parlamento.jpg|Old Parliament Inn
File:Piazza di Buda.jpg|Buda Main Plaza
File:Ristorante Arany Hordo.jpg|Arany Hordó Inn
File:Úri utca 58, 60, 62, Budapest.jpg|Tárnok utca (= Treasury Street)
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Pest (city)|Pest]]
* [[Óbuda]]
* [[Buda Castle]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Citation |publisher = J.F.C. Rivington |location = London |author = Richard Brookes |author-link=Richard Brookes |title = The General Gazetteer |edition=6th |date = 1786 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/generalgazetteer00broouoft#page/n120/mode/1up |chapter=Buda }}
* {{Cite book |publisher =William Blackwood |date = 1830 |location = Edinburgh |title = Edinburgh Encyclopædia |title-link = Edinburgh Encyclopædia |editor=David Brewster |chapter=Buda |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/edinburghencyclo05edinuoft#page/46/mode/1up }}
* {{Citation |publisher = H.G. Bohn |location = London |author = John Thomson |title = New Universal Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary |date = 1845 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00thomuoft#page/203/mode/1up |chapter=Buda }}
* {{cite book |title=Geography |volume=2 |series=[[English Cyclopaedia]] |editor=Charles Knight |location=London |year=1866 |publisher=Bradbury, Evans, & Co. |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000064794?urlappend=%3Bseq=100 |chapter=Buda |hdl=2027/nyp.33433000064794?urlappend=%3Bseq=100 }}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Budapest/Buda}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061209040410/http://mars.elte.hu/varak/budapestbuda/budarajzok.htm Drawings of Castle Buda over the centuries]

{{coord|47|28|N|19|03|E|region:HU_type:city(205000)_source:kolossus-cswiki|display=title}}
{{Historical capitals of Hungary}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buda| ]]
[[Category:Geography of Budapest]]
[[Category:History of Budapest]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Hungary]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of Hungary]]