Editing Brittany (administrative region)

{{Short description|Administrative region of France}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{about|the French administrative region of Brittany|the historical province of Brittany, as well as the cultural area of Brittany|Brittany|the historical duchy|Duchy of Brittany|other uses|Brittany (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Brittany
| official_name      = 
| native_name        = {{native name|fr|Bretagne}}<br />{{resize|75%|{{native name|br|Breizh}}}}<br />{{resize|75%|{{native name|mis|paren=no|Bertaèyn}}}} {{small|([[Gallo language|Gallo]])}}
| settlement_type    = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| image_skyline      = Cap_Frehel_Cliff.jpg
| image_caption      = The cliffs of Cap Fréhel and its lighthouses
| image_flag         = Flag of Brittany (Gwenn ha du).svg
| flag_size          = 
| image_shield       = BlasonBretagne.svg
| shield_size        = 80px
| image_blank_emblem = Logotype_de_la_Région_Bretagne.tif
| blank_emblem_type  = Brandmark
| anthem             = [[Bro Gozh ma Zadoù]]<br />{{center|}}
[[File:Hen Wlad fy Nhadau piano.ogg]]<br />{{center|}}
| blank_emblem_size  = 
| image_map          = Brittany in France 2016.svg
| map_caption        = 
| motto              = 
| coordinates        = 
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[France]]
| seat_type          = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat               = [[Rennes]]
| parts_type         = [[Departments of France|Departments]]
| parts_style        = list
| parts              = 4
| p1                 = [[Côtes-d'Armor]] (22)
| p2                 = [[Finistère]] (29)
| p3                 = [[Ille-et-Vilaine]] (35)
| p4                 = [[Morbihan]] (56)
| p5                 = <!--Loire-Atlantique is now in the region of Pays de la Loire.-->
| p6                 = 
| p7                 = 
| p8                 = 
| p9                 = 
| p10                = 
| p11                = 
| p12                = 
| p13                = 
| p14                = 
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title       = [[President of the Regional Council (France)|President of the Regional Council]]
| leader_name        = [[Loïg Chesnais-Girard]]
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 27208
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_rank          = 12th
| population_total   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = 
| timezone1          = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1        = +01:00
| timezone1_DST      = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = +02:00
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en |title=EU regions by GDP, Eurostat |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = €108.252 billion
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
| demographics1_info2 = €32,500
| blank_name_sec2    = [[First level NUTS of the European Union#France|NUTS Region]]
| blank_info_sec2    = FR5
| website            = [https://www.bretagne.bzh/ bretagne.bzh]
| iso_code           = FR-BRE
| footnotes          = 
| flag_link          = Flag of Brittany
}}

'''Brittany''' ({{langx|fr|Bretagne}} {{IPA|fr|bʁətaɲ||fr-Bretagne.ogg}}; {{langx|br|Breizh}} {{IPA|br|brɛjs|}}; [[Gallo language|Gallo]]: ''Bertaèyn'' {{IPA|fr-gallo|bəʁtaɛɲ|}}) is the westernmost [[regions of France|region]] of [[Metropolitan France]], comprising the departments of [[Côtes-d'Armor]], [[Finistère]], [[Ille-et-Vilaine]], and [[Morbihan]]. Its capital and largest city is [[Rennes]]. This administrative region covers approximately four-fifths of the historic province of [[Brittany]].

Bordered by the [[English Channel]] to the north, the [[Celtic Sea]] to the west, and the [[Atlantic Ocean]] ([[Bay of Biscay]]) to the south, Brittany's neighboring regions are [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] to the northeast and [[Pays de la Loire]] to the southeast. It is one of two [[Regions of France|regions in Metropolitan France]] where all [[Departments in France|departments]] have direct access to the sea, the other being [[Corsica]].

"''[[Bro Gozh ma Zadoù]]''" is the anthem of Brittany, sharing its melody and thematic similarity with the Welsh national anthem, "{{lang|cy|[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau]]|italic=yes}}". As an administrative region of France, Brittany has a [[Regional Council of Brittany|Regional Council]], most recently elected in [[2021 French regional elections|2021]]. The current administrative region is sometimes referred to as "administrative Brittany," in contrast to "[[Brittany|historic Brittany]]" or "[[Brittany|cultural Brittany]]," which also includes [[Loire-Atlantique]] (and the historical capital of [[Nantes]]) and whose potential [[Breton reunification|reunification]] with the administrative region has been a subject of debate for decades.

== Territory ==
[[File:LeDiben Harbor.jpg|thumb|left|Le Diben harbour – [[Plougasnou]]]]
The region of Brittany was created in 1941 from four of the five [[departments of France|departments]] constituting the territory of [[Brittany (historical province)|traditional Brittany]]. The other is [[Loire-Atlantique]], which is included in the region of [[Pays de la Loire]], whose capital, [[Nantes]], was a historical capital of the [[Duchy of Brittany]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

The capital of the administrative region is [[Rennes]], although [[Nantes]] is considered the capital of historic Brittany and is located in [[Loire-Atlantique]]. The [[reunification of Brittany]] is supported by a majority of Loire-Atlantique and is considered a prerequisite to further autonomy of Brittany as a whole.<ref>{{Cite web |title=La moitié des habitants de la Bretagne à 5 favorables à un rattachement de la Loire-Atlantique |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/static/ftp/dossier/data/bretagne_sondage/sondage.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=archive.wikiwix.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2022 |title=Brittany lays claim to autonomy, in Corsica's footsteps |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2022/04/09/brittany-lays-claim-to-autonomy-in-corsica-s-footsteps_5980128_7.html |access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>

Part of the reason Brittany was split between two present-day regions was to avoid the rivalry between Rennes and Nantes. Although Nantes was the principal capital of the Duchy of Brittany until the sixteenth century, Rennes had been the seat of the Duchy's supreme court of justice between 1560 and 1789. Rennes had also been the administrative capital of the [[Intendant]] of Brittany between 1689 and 1789, and Intendances were the most important administrative units of the [[kingdom of France]] in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As for the provincial States of Brittany, a legislative body which had originally met every two years in a different city of Brittany, that had met in Rennes only between 1728 and 1789, although not in the years 1730, 1758, and 1760. Despite that, the ''[[Chambre des comptes]]'' had remained in Nantes until 1789. However, from 1381 until the end of the 15th century [[Vannes]] (''Gwened'' in Breton) had served as the administrative capital of the Duchy, remaining the seat of its ''Chambre des comptes'' until the 1490s, and also the seat of its ''Parlement'' until 1553 and then again between 1675 and 1689.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Although there were previous plans to create regions out of the departments, like the Clémentel plan (1919) or the Vichy regionalisation programme (1941), these plans had no effect or else were abolished in 1945. The current [[Regions of France|French regions]] date from 1956 and were created by gathering departments together.<ref>Michèle Cointet, op. cit., pp. 183–216 (p. 216 pour la citation)</ref> In Brittany, this led to the creation of the new region of Brittany, which included only four out of the five historical Breton departments. The term ''région'' was officially created by the Law of Decentralisation (2 March 1982), which also gave regions their legal status. The first direct elections for regional representatives took place on 16 March 1986.<ref>Jean-Marie Miossec (2009), ''Géohistoire de la régionalisation en France,'' Paris: Presses universitaires de France {{ISBN|978-2-13-056665-6}}.</ref>

== History ==
{{historical populations|15=1801|16=1,833,410|17=1821|18=1,984,950|19=1831|20=2,103,842|21=1841|22=2,180,755|23=1851|24=2,303,113|25=1861|26=2,327,414|27=1876|28=2,406,348|29=1881|30=2,446,243|31=1891|32=2,517,009|33=1901|34=2,559,398|35=1921|36=2,424,959|37=1936|38=2,396,647|39=1946|40=2,336,820|41=1954|42=2,338,803|43=1962|44=2,396,582|45=1968|46=2,468,227|47=1975|48=2,595,431|49=1982|50=2,707,886|51=1990|52=2,794,317|53=1999|54=2,904,075|55=2006|56=3,080,990|57=2016|58=3,306,529|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://splaf.free.fr/ |title=Site sur la Population et les Limites Administratives de la France |access-date=3 August 2019 |archive-date=25 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025095056/http://splaf.free.fr/algerie.html |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2020}}
{{main|History of Brittany}}
Brittany, located in the west-north-west corner of France, is one of the historic provinces of France. The most Atlantic of France's regions, Brittany is noted for its Celtic heritage, which sets it apart from the rest of France. It enjoys a mild climate somewhat warmer though not necessarily drier than the climate of the Cornish peninsula in south-west Britain.

The name "Brittany" derives from the [[Celtic Britons|Britons]], an [[Insular Celtic]] (Brythonic) people who inhabited most of [[Great Britain]] during the [[Roman Britain|Roman]] and [[Sub-Roman Britain|Sub-Roman]] periods. During the [[migration period]] of the [[Early Middle Ages]] the Britons were displaced from most of what is now England by the [[Anglo-Saxon occupation of Britain|Anglo-Saxon invasions]], leading many to settle in western [[Armorica]], present-day Brittany. As a result the modern [[Bretons]] have strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties with those areas of Great Britain which remained Brythonic into the modern era: [[Wales]] and [[Cornwall]].

Initially divided into several small [[petty kingdom]]s, Brittany as a united political entity emerged in the 9th century as the [[Kingdom of Brittany]]. In the early 10th century the kingdom was devastated by [[Viking Brittany|Norse raids and occupation]] and from the mid-10th century became a [[vassal state]] of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] as the [[Duchy of Brittany]]. The level of control exerted by the French kings varied over time; at various points Brittany was either subject to, aligned with or heavily influenced by the [[Kingdom of England|English Kings]]; at others it was ''de facto'' independent.

Following the Breton defeat at the hands of the French army in 1488, the duchy was forced into a [[dynastic union]] with the French crown in 1491; in 1547 it was [[Union of Brittany and France|formally incorporated]] as a [[Provinces of France|province of France]].

Following the [[French Revolution]] the French provinces were dissolved and replaced with [[Departments of France|department]]s; what had been Brittany became the Côtes-du-Nord (22) (renamed Côtes-d'Armor in 1990) in the north, Finistère (29) in the far west, Morbihan (56) in the south, Ille et Vilaine (35) in the east and Loire-Inférieure (44) (renamed Loire-Atlantique in 1957) in the southeast.

When the modern regions were established, Loire-Inférieure (44), which includes the historic capital Nantes, became part of [[Pays de la Loire]], while the other four departments became part of the Brittany region. The capital city of the modern Brittany region is Rennes, located in the central eastern part of the region; most of the major lines of communication between Brittany and Paris pass through Rennes, which is a large industrial and university city. Other important cities in the region are [[Brest, France|Brest]], one of the two most important French naval ports, [[Saint-Malo]], an imposing walled city on the north coast, and [[Vannes]], the capital of the [[Morbihan]], with an attractive old town centre. [[Quimper]], the capital of the [[Finistère]], and [[Saint-Brieuc]], the capital of the [[Côtes-d'Armor]], are less important.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} [[Lorient]], in the Morbihan, was once a major shipping port trading with – as its name suggests – the Orient; but its shipping and shipbuilding industries have largely declined, and like other ports on the south coast of Brittany, is better known today for its yachting and yacht-building industry. It is also the venue for Brittany's annual [[Festival Interceltique de Lorient|Interceltiques music and culture festival]].

Despite its limited size, Brittany is quite a diverse region; the north and west coasts, open to the force of the North Atlantic, are rugged and rocky, with sandy coves and beaches. The south coast, facing onto the Bay of Biscay, is flatter, much milder, and has a number of large sandy beaches. There are also many inlets on the south coast, such as La Trinité sur Mer, which in the past have been ports and commercial harbours, but today are more popular with yachtsmen and a dwindling fishing industry.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} The sea here is warmer in summer. The backbone of Brittany is a granite ridge stretching from east to west, peaking in the Monts d'Arrée. But most of inland Brittany is farming country, a region known for its milk and butter and its early crops.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

As a holiday region, it is Brittany's coasts that attract the greatest number of visitors; the inland regions have attracted many second-home owners from other parts of France, and from Britain.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}
In cultural terms, Brittany has its own language and Celtic cultural tradition that set it apart from the rest of France. The [[Breton language]], though not much used in everyday life, and not understood by most of the modern population, has made a comeback in recent years, and is taught in many schools. Celtic traditions are reflected in Breton folk music, its Celtic festivals, and its prehistoric monuments.

== Language and culture ==
[[File:Road signs bilingual Breton in Quimper.jpg|thumb|[[Bilingual]] road signs in [[Quimper, Finistère|Quimper]] (French on top)]]

The name of Brittany derives from [[Celtic Britons|settlers]] from [[Great Britain]], who fled the island in the wake of the [[Anglo-Saxon]] invasions of England between the fifth and seventh centuries. Unlike the rest of France and Brittany, [[Lower Brittany]] (roughly, west of a boundary from [[Saint-Brieuc|Saint Brieuc]] to [[Vannes]]) has maintained a distinctly [[Celtic language]], [[Breton language|Breton]], which is related to [[Cornish language|Cornish]] and [[Welsh language|Welsh]]. It was the dominant language in Lower, or western, Brittany until the mid-20th century. It has been granted [[regional language]] status and revival efforts are underway.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} In [[Upper Brittany|Upper, or eastern, Brittany]], the traditional language is [[Gallo language|Gallo]], an [[Oïl language]], which has also received regional recognition and is in the process of being revived.

[[File:Logo in breton language used by Regional Council of Brittany and its administrative territory.png|thumb|Breton is used on Regional Council of Brittany logo]]The French administration now allows for some Breton or Gallo to be used by the region and its communes, in road signs and names of towns and cities, alongside the official [[French language]] version. The two regional languages are also taught in some schools, and many folklore associations and clubs are trying to revive them.

Brittany has historically been a stronghold of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], and its rates of [[church attendance]] have tended to be considerably higher than the national average. However, in recent years the influence of the church has declined.

== Politics ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float: left; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; font-size: 79%; line-height: 1.95; text-align: center;"
|+ Presidential runoff elections results
! scope="col" style="background-color: lightgrey;" | Year
! scope="col" style="background-color: lightgrey;" | National winner
! scope="col" style="background-color: lightgrey;" | Runner-up
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]
| style="background-color: #FFED99;" | '''75.36% ''1,301,226'''''
| style="background-color: #CD7F32;" | 24.64% ''425,462''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| style="background-color: #FF69B4;" | '''56.35% ''1,075,919'''''
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | 43.65% ''833,346''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | 47.38% ''921,256''
| style="background-color: #FF69B4;" | '''52.62% ''1,023,056'''''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | '''88.56% ''1,523,388'''''
| style="background-color: #CD7F32;" | 11.44% ''196,712''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | '''50.44% ''858,100'''''
| style="background-color: #FF69B4;" | 49.56% ''843,169''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[1988 French presidential election|1988]]
| style="background-color: #FF69B4;" | '''55.10% ''929,363'''''
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | 44.90% ''757,417''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[1981 French presidential election|1981]]
| style="background-color: #FF69B4;" | 48.95% ''796,769''
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | '''51.05% ''831,034'''''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[1974 French presidential election|1974]]
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | '''56.54% ''781,563'''''
| style="background-color: #FF69B4;" | 43.46% ''600,678''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[1969 French presidential election|1969]]
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | '''63.95% ''692,280'''''
| style="background-color: #ADD8E6;" | 36.05% ''390,240''
|-
| style="background-color: #f0f0ff;" | [[1965 French presidential election|1965]]
| style="background-color: #6495ED;" | '''63.15% ''806,958'''''
| style="background-color: #FF69B4;" | 36.85% ''470,839''
|}

The Region of Brittany is administered by the [[Regional Council of Brittany]].

The region was a traditionally conservative and [[Christian democratic]] region, with the notable exception of the department of [[Côtes-d'Armor]], a longtime stronghold of the political left. However, the whole of Brittany has recently been moving towards the left, in 2004 electing [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] as its first [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist]] regional president, and in the [[2007 French presidential election|2007 presidential election]] voting for Socialist [[Ségolène Royal]]. The centrist candidate [[François Bayrou]] also polled relatively highly in the region and [[Fougères]] elected a [[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]] deputy to the National Assembly (he has since joined the pro-[[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]] [[New Centre]]). The [[French Communist Party]]'s support is largely concentrated in the south-west of the [[Côtes-d'Armor]] and north-west of [[Morbihan]]. The [[The Greens (France)|Greens]] and other environmentalist parties have traditionally been strong in the region, especially in urban areas such as [[Rennes]] or [[Arrondissement of Quimper|Quimper]]. The region was one of the few which voted "Yes" to the European constitution in the [[2005 French European Constitution referendum|2005 referendum]], and Brittany continues, along with [[Alsace]], to be a strongly pro-European region.

The Socialist Party controls three [[Departmental councils (France)|departmental councils]] ([[Ille-et-Vilaine]], [[Côtes-d'Armor]], and [[Finistère]]), while the centrist [[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]] controls that of [[Morbihan]], in a coalition with the right.
{{clear}}

== Economy ==
The [[Gross domestic product]] (GDP) of the region was 99.5 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 4.2% of French economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 26,700 euros or 89% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 100% of the EU average.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58 |title=Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018 |website=Eurostat |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417095003/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58 |archive-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>

== Transport ==
[[File:Marche des Lices mise en place 03.JPG|thumb|Rennes]]
[[File:Brest - Le Château - PA00089847 - 011.JPG|thumb|Brest]]
[[File:Bretagne Finistere Quimper 20055.jpg|thumb|Quimper]]

There are several [[:Category:Airports in Brittany|airports in Brittany]] ([[Rennes–Saint-Jacques Airport|Rennes]], [[Brest Bretagne Airport|Brest]], [[Lorient South Brittany Airport|Lorient]]...) serving destinations in [[Europe]]. [[TGV]] train services link the region with cities such as [[Paris]] in 1h27m due to the [[LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire]], [[Lyon]], [[Lille]] and the largest French cities. [[TER Bretagne]] is the regional rail network serving Brittany in order to link the cities of Brittany to each other. [[OUIBUS]] coach services link the region with the largest cities in [[France]] at low cost. In addition there is [[Brittany Ferries]] that take passengers, vehicles and freight to [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Spain]] and [[Condor Ferries]] to the [[Channel Islands]].

== Geography ==
=== Departments ===
Brittany comprises four departments: [[Côtes-d'Armor]], [[Finistère]], [[Ille-et-Vilaine]], and [[Morbihan]].

=== Major communities ===
The following table is the list of communes in Brittany with a population over 15,000 inhabitants. [[Rennes]] is situated in the east of Brittany, being the capital of the region, the capital of the [[Ille-et-Vilaine]] [[Departments of France|department]], as well as the most populous [[metropolitan area]] in Brittany with 700,000 inhabitants (2013).

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Commune !! [[Breton language|Breton]] name !! Population<br />(2021)<ref name="pop2021">[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/4265429/ensemble.pdf Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005055240/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/4265429/ensemble.pdf |date=5 October 2020 }}, [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]]</ref>!! Department
|-
| [[Rennes]] || ''Roazhon'' || 225,081 || [[Ille-et-Vilaine]]
|-
| [[Brest, France|Brest]] || ''Brest'' || 139,619 || [[Finistère]]
|-
| [[Quimper, Finistère|Quimper]] || ''Kemper'' || 63,642 || [[Finistère]]
|-
| [[Lorient]] || ''An Oriant'' || 57,149 || [[Morbihan]]
|-
| [[Vannes]] || ''Gwened'' || 53,352 || [[Morbihan]]
|-
| [[Saint-Malo]] || ''Sant-Maloù'' || 46,097 || [[Ille-et-Vilaine]]
|-
| [[Saint-Brieuc]] || ''Sant-Brieg'' || 44,372 || [[Côtes-d'Armor]]
|-
| [[Lanester]] || ''Lannarstêr'' || 22,728 || [[Morbihan]]
|-
| [[Fougères]] || ''Felger '' || 20,418 || [[Ille-et-Vilaine]]
|-
| [[Lannion]] || ''Lannuon'' || 19,880 || [[Côtes-d'Armor]]
|-
| [[Concarneau]] || ''Konk Kerne'' || 19,050 || [[Finistère]]
|-
| [[Bruz]] || ''Bruz'' || 18,266 || [[Ille-et-Vilaine]]
|-
| [[Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine|Vitré]] || ''Gwitreg'' || 18,037 || [[Ille-et-Vilaine]]
|-
| [[Ploemeur|Plœmeur]] || ''Plañvour '' || 17,853 || [[Morbihan]]
|-
| [[Cesson-Sévigné]] || ''Saozon-Sevigneg'' || 17,526 || [[Ille-et-Vilaine]]
|-
| [[Lamballe-Armor]] || ''Lambal-Arvor'' || 16,578 || [[Côtes-d'Armor]]
|-
| [[Landerneau]] || ''Landerne'' || 15,781 || [[Finistère]]
|-
| [[Hennebont]] || ''Henbont'' || 15,678 || [[Morbihan]]
|}

=== Climate ===
The [[Atlantic Ocean]] and the [[English Channel]] provide Brittany with an [[oceanic climate]]. Prevailing northwest winds reduce variations of temperature in the region. The climate is drier in southern sections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le climat en Bretagne {{!}} Régions |url=https://www.groupe-mercure.fr/regions/bretagne/climat/ |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=www.groupe-mercure.fr |language=fr-fr}}</ref> The extreme northwest has up to 10 days with temperatures above 25&nbsp;°C, while southeastern Brittany can have up to 50.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.observatoire-eau-bretagne.fr/Media/Documentation/Bibliographies/Le-climat-en-Bretagne.-Une-douceur-oceanique-tout-en-nuance/(categorie)/29755 |title=Le climat en Bretagne. Une douceur océanique tout en nuance – Bibliographies – Documentation – Eau Bretagne – l'observatoire de l'eau en Bretagne |last=Environnement |first=GIP Bretagne |website=www.observatoire-eau-bretagne.fr |language=fr-FR |access-date=7 November 2018 |archive-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107104105/http://www.observatoire-eau-bretagne.fr/Media/Documentation/Bibliographies/Le-climat-en-Bretagne.-Une-douceur-oceanique-tout-en-nuance/(categorie)/29755 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Sport ==
Three Breton clubs play in [[Ligue 1]], the top tier of French football: [[Stade Rennais]], [[Stade Brestois]], and [[FC Lorient]]. Another historical club, [[En Avant Guingamp]], plays in [[Ligue 2]], and [[Vannes OC]] plays in the third tier [[Championnat National]]. In [[rugby union]], [[Rugby Club Vannes|RC Vannes]] currently plays in the second level, [[Rugby Pro D2|Pro D2]].

The [[Brest Albatros Hockey]] is a Brest ice hockey club that plays in [[FFHG Division 1]]. The [[Cesson Rennes MHB|Cesson Rennes Métropole Handball]] plays in [[LNH Division 1]]. The [[Brest Bretagne Handball]] plays in [[French Women's Handball Championship]]. The {{ill|Rennes Volley 35|fr|Rennes Volley 35}} plays in {{ill|LNV Ligue B Masculine|lt=Ligue B|fr|Championnat de Ligue B de volley-ball masculin}}. The [[Fortuneo–Vital Concept]] cycling pro team participate every year at the [[Tour de France]], the [[Bretagne Classic]], and the [[Route Adélie]] de Vitré. [[Gaelic games]] are also increasingly popular in the region, particularly [[Gaelic football]] where the region has multiple teams that compete in [[Gaelic Games Europe]].

== See also ==
* [[Brittany]] (cultural region)
* [[Politics of Brittany]]
* [[Breton people]]
* [[Breton language]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.bretagne.bzh/ Regional Council of Brittany official website]
* [http://www.brittanytourism.com/ Official touristic website]

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[[Category:Brittany| ]]
[[Category:Regions of France]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union]]
[[Category:Peninsulas of Metropolitan France]]
[[Category:Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]
[[Category:1941 establishments in France]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1941]]
[[Category:1941 in France]]