Editing Bretby

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{coord|52.804|-1.566|display=title}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country                  = England
|static_image_name        = BretbyChurch.JPG
|static_image_caption= St Wystan's Church at Bretby
|static_image_2_name      = Derbyshire UK parish map highlighting Bretby.svg
|static_image_2_caption   = Bretby parish highlighted within Derbyshire
|official_name            = Bretby
|population               = 893
|population_ref           =(2011)
|shire_district           = [[South Derbyshire]]
|shire_county             = [[Derbyshire]]
|region                   = East Midlands
|constituency_westminster = [[South Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency)|South Derbyshire]]
|post_town                = BURTON-ON-TRENT
|postcode_district        = DE15
|postcode_area            = DE
|dial_code                =
|os_grid_reference        = SK293230
}}

'''Bretby''' is a village and [[civil parish]] in the south of [[Derbyshire]], England, north of [[Swadlincote]] and east of [[Burton upon Trent]], on the border between Derbyshire and [[Staffordshire]]. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 893.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11121149&c=Bretby&d=16&e=62&g=6414960&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1458557579604&enc=1|title=Civil Parish population 2011|accessdate=21 March 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}</ref> The name means "dwelling place of Britons". On the [[A511 road]] (formerly [[A50 road|A50]]), there is a secondary settlement, '''Stanhope Bretby''', which was the site of Bretby Colliery.<ref name=duk>[http://www.derbyshireuk.net/bretby.html Bretby at DerbyshireUK]</ref>

==History==
This manor (''Bretebi'') was in the [[Domesday Book]] in 1086. Under the title of "The land of the [[William the Conqueror|King]] (in Derbyshire<ref>The King had a number of manors in [[Derbyshire]]. Besides Bretby and [[Newton Solney]] he had a list that included [[Repton]], [[Milton, Derbyshire|Milton]], [[Wirksworth]], [[Weston-on-Trent]], [[Walton-on-Trent]] and [[Ashbourne, Derbyshire|Ashbourne]].</ref>" it said: <blockquote>In Newton Solney and Bretby [[Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia|Ælfgar]] had seven [[wikt:carucate|carucates]] of land to the [[wikt:geld|geld]]. There is land for six ploughs. There the king has one plough and nineteen [[wikt:villein|villans]] and one [[wikt:bordar|bordar]] with five ploughs. There are {{Cvt|12|acre|m2}} of meadow, woodland pasture two [[League (unit)|leagues]] long and three [[furlong]]s broad. TRE<ref name="tre">TRE in [[Latin]] is ''Tempore Regis Edwardi''. This means in the time of [[Edward the Confessor|King Edward]] before the [[Battle of Hastings]].</ref> as now worth one hundred [[Shilling (English coin)|shillings]].<ref name="Domesday">''Domesday Book: A Complete Translation''. London: Penguin, 2003. {{ISBN|0-14-143994-7}} p.744</ref></blockquote>
[[Image:Bretby Pond.jpg|thumb|left|Bretby ponds are nearby]]
[[Image:Bretbybradbyschool.JPG|thumb|The former Bradby School – 2007]]
In 1209, [[Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester]] granted the manor of Bretby to [[Stephen de Segrave]]<ref>In 1209.[http://www.south-derbys.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/0D71580C-B2E6-4A3E-8A86-3D99B467A7BE/0/BretbyA4complete.pdf PDF South Derbyshire site – Grant of Bretby] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001842/http://www.south-derbys.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/0D71580C-B2E6-4A3E-8A86-3D99B467A7BE/0/BretbyA4complete.pdf |date=September 27, 2007 }}, p.1</ref> who built a church and a mansion there. There was also Bretby Castle which was destroyed during the reign of King [[James I of England]] to make way for the construction of [[Bretby Hall]].<ref name=duk/>

In 1585, Thomas Stanhope bought Bretby Hall, which from then on was the home of the [[Earl of Chesterfield|Earls of Chesterfield]]. [[George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon]] sold the property in the 1920s to pay for the [[Tutankhamun]] expedition.

==Today==
Today the village is centred by a village green. Overlooking the green is a residential house which records that it was called 'Bradby School' when it was built. A stone records "BRADBY SCHOOL/OPENED FOR THE ADMISSION OF SCHOLARS/OCTOBER 20th 1806." The school building is a Grade II listed building.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052025/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=2&id=82816 Images of England]</ref>

The Grade II listed [[Church of England parish church]] is dedicated to [[Wigstan|St Wystan]]; it was rebuilt in 1877 by [[Anne Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield]]. A memorial tablet on the south wall of the aisle is in memory of [[Benjamin Disraeli]].<ref>{{cite web |title=St Wystan's |url=https://stmarkswinshill.co.uk/st-wystans |website=Stmarkswinshill.co.uk |accessdate=2 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1096486|desc=Church of St Wystan|grade=II}}</ref>

There is a small industrial area within [[Burton upon Trent and Swadlincote Green Belt]], Bretby Stoneware Industrial Estate, based at the former Bretby Brick Works. It is at Middle Place, an access road which is a continuation of the Sunnyside lane from nearby [[Newhall, Derbyshire|Newhall]] through to the A511 Ashby Road.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Derbyshire District Council – SECTION 2: Planning Appeals |url=http://south-derbys.cmis.uk.com/south-derbys/Document.ashx?czJKcaeAi5tUFL1DTL2UE4zNRBcoShgo=G5rliv8aScmlj6DMqC4gAgjYiEdaQINHKt91sgAkaVPqS%2BbJo8q8qQ%3D%3D&mCTIbCubSFfXsDGW9IXnlg%3D%3D=hFflUdN3100%3D&kCx1AnS9%2FpWZQ40DXFvdEw%3D%3D=hFflUdN3100%3D&uJovDxwdjMPoYv%2BAJvYtyA%3D%3D=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&FgPlIEJYlotS%2BYGoBi5olA%3D%3D=NHdURQburHA%3D&d9Qjj0ag1Pd993jsyOJqFvmyB7X0CSQK=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNR9xqBux0r1Q8Za60lavYmz=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNQ16B2MHuCpMRKZMwaG1PaO=ctNJFf55vVA%3D |page=68 |quote=The application site is located within Bretby Stoneware Industrial Estate, a site occupied by a number of small commercial businesses, some located within the converted former brick and stoneware industry building on site and a number of agricultural buildings. The site is located within the Greenbelt and accessed from Ashby Road East by a single lane track. Swadlincote Footpath 84 runs to the south east of the site at a higher level and Swadlincote Footpath 86 runs to the south west.}}</ref>

==Notable residents==
* [[Major-General (United Kingdom)|Major-general]] [[Frank Crowther Roberts|Frank Roberts]] VC DSO OBE MC, British Army officer died in Stanhope Bretby in 1982. He was cremated at Bretby [[crematorium]] and his ashes buried in Bretby churchyard. He was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] in 1918.<ref>[http://www.victoriacross.org.uk/coderbys.htm Burial location of VC holders – Derbyshire]</ref>
* Sir [[Herbert Wragg]] (1880–1956), Conservative MP for Belper, 1923–29 and 1931–45.
* Actor, director and musician [[Paddy Considine]] had an apartment at [[Bretby Hall]] until 2007.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}}
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==See also==
*[[Listed buildings in Bretby]]
*[[Bretby Art Pottery]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Bretby}}
{{Reflist|2}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Derbyshire]]
[[Category:South Derbyshire District]]