Editing Borzoi

{{Short description|Russian breed of dog}}
{{About|the domestic dog breed|the rural locality in the Chechen Republic|Borzoy}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox dog breed
|image         = Chart rosyjski borzoj rybnik-kamien pl.jpg
|image_caption = 
|name          = Borzoi
|altname       = {{ubl|Russian Wolfhound|Russian Hunting Sighthound|{{Transliteration|ru|Russkaya psovaya borzaya}}}}
|country       = Russia 
|weight        = {{right|{{convert|27|–|48|kg|abbr=on|round=5}}{{r|dk|p=130}}}}
|maleweight    = 
|femaleweight  = 
|height        = 
|maleheight    = {{right|{{convert|75|-|85|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}{{r|fci2}}}}
|femaleheight  = {{right|{{convert|68|-|78|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}{{r|fci2}}}}
|coat          = medium length, silky and wavy, short length
|colour        = any colour
|litter_size   = up to 11{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
|life_span     = 
|fcistd        = https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/193g10-en.pdf
}}

The '''Borzoi'''{{efn|name=a}} or '''Russian Hunting Sighthound'''{{efn|name=b}} is a Russian [[dog breed|breed]] of [[hunting dog]] of [[sighthound]] type. It was formerly used for [[Wolf hunting with dogs|wolf hunting]];{{r|dk|p=125}} until 1936, the breed was known as the Russian Wolfhound.{{r|dk|p=130}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sabaneev |first= L.P.|title=Hunting dogs: borzois and hounds|publisher=Terra Publishing|year=1993|isbn=5-85255-188-0|location=Moscow|page=571|language=Russian}}</ref>

== Etymology ==

The system by which Russians over the ages named their sighthounds was a series of descriptive terms rather than actual names. [[:wiktionary:ru:борзый|{{Transliteration|ru|Borzoi}}]] is the masculine singular form of an archaic Russian adjective that means 'fast'. {{Transliteration|ru|Borzaya sobaka}} ('fast dog') is the basic term for sighthounds used by Russians, though {{Transliteration|ru|sobaka}} is usually dropped. The name {{Transliteration|ru|psovaya}} derived from the word {{Transliteration|ru|psovina}}, which means 'wavy, silky coat', just as {{Transliteration|ru|hortaya}} (as in [[hortaya borzaya]]) means shorthaired. In modern Russian, the breed commonly called the Borzoi is officially known as {{Transliteration|ru|russkaya psovaya borzaya}}. Other Russian sighthound breeds are {{Transliteration|ru|stepnaya borzaya}} (from the [[steppe]]), called {{Transliteration|ru|stepnoi}}; and {{Transliteration|ru|krimskaya borzaya}} (from the [[Crimea]]), called {{Transliteration|ru|krimskoi}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Сабанеев|first=Леонид|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSQhEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F&pg=PA70|title=Собаки охотничьи. Борзые и гончие|date=2021-12-02|publisher=Litres|isbn=978-5-04-333011-6|language=ru}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=March 2024}}

== History ==

The Borzoi originated in the sixteenth century Russia by crossing [[Saluki]] and European sighthounds with thick-coated Russian breeds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Borzoi {{!}} Breeds A to Z {{!}} The Kennel Club |url=https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/search/breeds-a-to-z/breeds/hound/borzoi/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=www.thekennelclub.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Nellie |title=Borzoi – The Russian Wolfhound. Its History, Breeding, Exhibiting and Care |publisher=Vintage Dog Books |year=2005 |isbn=1-84664-042-3}}</ref>

The Borzoi was popular with the [[Tsar]]s before the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|1917 revolution]]. For centuries, Borzois could not be purchased but only given as gifts from the Tsar. [[Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929)|Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaievich of Russia]] bred countless Borzoi at Perchino, his private estate.{{r|scott|p=10}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Kalamaras|first=G.|date=2019|title=For All the Russian Wolfhounds—the Borzoi—Slaughtered During the Revolution, 1917|journal=Undocumented|pages=156–157|doi=10.14321/J.CTVJSF4HW.90|isbn=978-1-60917-587-0|s2cid=198844826}}</ref>

The Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya was definitively accepted by the [[Fédération Cynologique Internationale]] in 1956.{{r|fci}}

<gallery mode="packed" heights="170px" style="text-align:left; font-size:93%">
File:1879 Borzoi Flock.jpg|Borzoi owned by Max Hartenstein, Berlin, Germany, 1879
Borzo by a Chair-George Hare.jpg|''Borzo by a Chair'' ([[St George Hare]], 19th century)
File:Tikhmenev (1904) Wolf hunt with borzois.jpg|''Wolf hunting with borzois'' (1904), Efim A. Tikhmenev
File:Sarah Bernhardt Clairin Henderson.jpg|[[Sarah Bernhardt]], portrait by [[Georges Clairin]]
</gallery>

== Description ==

=== Appearance ===
Borzois are large Russian [[sighthound]]s that resemble some central Asian breeds such as the [[Afghan hound]], [[Saluki]], and the [[Taigan|Kyrgyz Taigan]]. Borzois come in a variety of colours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akc.org/breeds/borzoi/color_markings.cfm|title=Borzoi Colors and Markings|publisher=American Kennel Club|access-date=19 March 2012}}</ref> The Borzoi coat is silky and flat, often wavy or slightly curly. The long top-coat is quite flat, with varying degrees of waviness or curling. The soft undercoat thickens during winter or in cold climates, but is shed in hot weather to prevent overheating. In its texture and distribution over the body, the Borzoi coat is unique. There should be a frill on its neck, as well as feathering on its hindquarters and tail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.borzoiclubofamerica.org/stand.htm|title=The Borzoi Standard|publisher=Borzoi Club of America|access-date=19 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307005642/http://www.borzoiclubofamerica.org/stand.htm|archive-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mischiha O.|title=Russian Borzoi|journal=My Friend: The Dog|volume=2013: №1|pages=10–17}}</ref>

=== Temperament ===

The Borzoi is an affectionate and athletic breed of dog with a calm temperament.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/borzoi/|title=Borzoi|publisher=American Kennel Club|access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref>

In terms of obedience, Borzois are selective learners who quickly become bored with repetitive activity, and they can be difficult to motivate. Nevertheless, Borzois are definitely capable of enjoying and performing well in [[obedience trial|competitive obedience]] and [[dog agility|agility trials]] with the right kind of [[obedience training|training]].{{r|scott|p=113}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.borzoiclubofamerica.org/ava.htm |title=Borzoi Club of America, Inc |publisher=Borzoiclubofamerica.org |access-date=23 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229040739/http://www.borzoiclubofamerica.org/ava.htm |archive-date=29 February 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=М|first=Венцеславский А.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2SOBQAAQBAJ&q=%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0|title=Псовая охота вообще|date=2013-03-14|publisher=Directmedia|isbn=978-5-4460-1839-0|language=ru}}</ref>

==Coat gallery==
{{Clear}}
<gallery caption= "Coat colours" mode=packed heights=125px style= "text-align:left; font-size:93%">
File:Medalowy borgoj.jpg|Red
File:Borzoi black female.png|Black
File:Three Borzoi.jpg|White and yellow-and-white
File:Borzoi red & white.jpg|Red and white
File:Black and white borzoi.jpg|Black and white
File:Borzoi 600.jpg|White and brown
File:Kidai.jpg|White and grey
File:Borzoi portrait Flickr.jpg|White and sandy
</gallery>

== Health ==
A 2024 UK study found an average life expectancy of 12 years for Borzois, with a sample size of 43, compared to 12.7 for [[purebred]]s and 12 for [[mongrel]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McMillan | first1=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2024-02-01 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=531| pmid=38302530 | pmc=10834484 | bibcode=2024NatSR..14..531M }}</ref>

An American study looking at [[echocardiograph]]s of clinically healthy Borzoi found 53.8% to have [[heart murmur]]s, 30.2% to have trace or mild [[mitral regurgitation]], 36.1% to have mild [[tricuspid regurgitation]], and 14.4% to have [[cardiac disease]].{{r|avma}}

== Notes ==

{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=a|{{langx|ru|борзо́й}} ''borzói'', meaning 'swift' in Russian;{{r|chambers|p=149}} English plural either 'Borzoi'<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theborzoiclub.org.uk/ |title=theborzoiclub.org.uk |publisher=theborzoiclub.org.uk |access-date=2014-04-26}}</ref> or 'Borzois'<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/borzoi?s=t |title=Borzoi |work=Dictionary |access-date=2014-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Borzoi?q=borzoi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113456/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/borzoi?q=borzoi |archive-date=24 December 2013 |title=Definition of Borzoi in Oxford dictionary (British & World English) |publisher=Oxford dictionary |access-date=2014-04-26}}</ref>}}
{{efn|name=b|{{langx|ru|links=no|русская псовая борзая|russkaya psovaya borzaya|Russian long-haired sighthound}}}}
}}

== References ==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=avma>Sonya Wesselowski, K. Tess Sykes, Ashley B. Saunders, Stephen R. Werre (2024). [https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/aop/ajvr.23.11.0255/ajvr.23.11.0255.xml Echocardiographic values and prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in clinically healthy adult Borzoi dogs]. ''American Journal of Veterinary Research''. 1.aop (2024): 1–10. {{doi|10.2460/ajvr.23.11.0255}}.</ref>

<ref name=chambers>A.M. Macdonald (editor) (1972). ''Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary''. London: Chambers. {{isbn|0-550-10206-X}}</ref>

<ref name=dk>Kim Dennis-Bryan (2020 [2012]). ''The Complete Dog Breed Book'', second edition. London: Dorling Kindersley. {{isbn|978-0-241-41273-2}}.</ref>

<ref name=fci>[http://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/BORZOI-RUSSIAN-HUNTING-SIGHTHOUND-193.html FCI breeds nomenclature: Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya]. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed June 2022.</ref>

<ref name=fci2>[https://www.fci.be/nomenclature/Standards/193g10-en.pdf FCI-Standard N° 193: Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya (Borzoi – Russian Hunting Sighthound)]. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed June 2022.</ref>

<ref name=scott>Desiree Scott (2002). ''Borzoi''. Dorking, Surrey: Interpet Publishing. {{isbn|978-1-903098-93-6}}.</ref>
}}

=== Further reading ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chadwick |first=Winifred E. |year=1952 |title=The Borzoi Handbook |location=London |publisher=Nicholson & Watson}} Including a translation of ''The Perchino Hunt by His Excellency Dmitri Walzoff'' (1912).
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Nellie L. |year=2005 |title=Borzoi—The Russian Wolfhound: Its History, Breeding, Exhibiting and Care |publisher=Read Books |isbn=978-1-84664-042-1}}
* {{cite book |last=McRae |first=Gail C. |year=1989 |title=Borzoi |url=https://archive.org/details/borzois00gail/page/191 |edition=New |url-access=registration |publisher=TFH Publications |isbn=978-0-86622-676-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Savenkova|first=V. |year=2003 |title=Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya |publisher=Moscow |isbn=978-5-17-016974-0}}

{{refend}}

{{Hounds}}
{{Russian dogs}}
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[[Category:FCI breeds]]
[[Category:Sighthounds]]
[[Category:Wolf hunting]]
[[Category:Rare dog breeds]]