Editing Borculo

{{Infobox settlement
|name               = Borculo
|coordinates        = 52° 7′ NB, 6° 31′ OL
|image_skyline      = File:Borculo, de Joriskerk RM9881 foto6 2015-08-22 17.59.jpg
|image_caption      = Joriskerk in the city center
|image_flag         = Borculo vlag.svg
|image_shield       = Wapen borculo.svg
|subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name   = [[Netherlands]]
|subdivision_type1  = Province
|subdivision_name1  = [[Gelderland]]
|subdivision_type2  = Municipality
|subdivision_name2  = [[Berkelland]]
|area_total_km2     = 55.90
|population         = 10,425
|population_as_of   = 2022
|density            = 
|postal_code        = 1659
|website            =
|image_map         = Locator map of Borculo.png
|map_caption        =Former municipality of Borculo

}}

'''Borculo''' is a city in the eastern [[Netherlands]], in the municipality of [[Berkelland]], [[Gelderland]]. Borculo was an independent municipality until 2005, when it merged with [[Eibergen]], [[Neede]], and [[Ruurlo]]. Other population centers in the municipality of Borculo were nearby [[Geesteren, Gelderland|Geesteren]], [[Gelselaar]], and [[Haarlo]].
The Berkel River flows through the city center. The Borculo Castle (the "Hof"), which gave the city its name, was the seat of the Lords of Borculo.

==History==
Borculo began as a settlement near where, at the time, the Berkel joined a smaller stream called the Grolse Slinge.<ref>{{cite book| last=Stenvert| first=R.| year=2000| title=Monumenten in Nederland: Gelderland| pages=117&ndash;118| location=Zwolle| publisher=Waanders Uitgevers| isbn=90-400-9406-3|display-authors=etal}}</ref> In the 12th century a castle called Hof van Borculo was built. A defensive wall  surrounding the village was constructed in 1348. The village received [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]] in 1375. The city wall has been demolished, but parts of the defensive moat, which was also used as a trading route over the Berkel to the cities along the Berkel (such as [[Zutphen]]), can still be found in Borculo.

Borculo was then ruled by the counts of [[Limburg Stirum|Limburg and Bronkhorst]]. In the long conflict (known as the "Borculo question") between the heirs of the last count of [[Bronkhorst]] (deceased in 1553 without children) and the [[Prince-Bishop of Munster]] over ownership of Borculo, the Court of Gelderland ruled on 20 December 1615 in favour of count Joost of Limburg and Bronkhorst. The ruling was imposed by troops from [[Zutphen]], taking over the castle and city of [[Lichtenvoorde]] in December 1615, and the castle and city of Borculo in February 1616 after short combat. Prince-Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen tried twice to keep Borculo under Munster's authority, but without success. Thereafter, Borculo definitively belonged to the province of Guelders instead of Munster.

In 1777 the region came into the possession of [[William V, Prince of Orange|Stadtholder William V]], after which the castle was demolished and rebuilt. Most of the castle was demolished in 1869–1870, but parts of the [[keep]] still exist. These parts are hidden below the library and cultural centre, although they were visible to the public for several years. Due to wear, these parts were buried again. The [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|King of the Netherlands]] is still Lord of Borculo.

The chapel in Borculo, well-endowed with vicariates, was elevated to a parish church in 1509 and separated from its parent parish in [[Geesteren, Gelderland|Geesteren]]. At the same time, Borculo Castle was detached from its parent parish in [[Eibergen]] and added to the new parish of Borculo. The municipality of Borculo was established in 1795 from the former city, castle, and the "schependom" (district) of Dijcke or Dijkhoek. The municipality of Geesteren was formed from the former bailiwick of Geesteren, an administrative district within the Lordship of Borculo. On January 1, 1818, the two municipalities were merged. Borculo became an independent municipality, including Geesteren, [[Gelselaar]], Haarlo, and [[Leo-Stichting]]. In 2005, it merged with the neighboring municipalities of [[Eibergen]], [[Neede]], and [[Ruurlo]] to form the new municipality of [[Berkelland]].

On August 10, 1925, Borculo was struck by a [[tornado]] with a diameter of one to two kilometers, causing significant destruction. This disaster, often referred to as the "Borculo Storm Disaster," is commemorated in a museum dedicated to this chapter of the city's history. Tornadoes that are this disastrous are very rare in the [[Netherlands]].

==Harbor==
For a long time, Borculo had a [[harbor]], serving as a hub for trade shipping on the [[Berkel]] River. Flat-bottomed boats, known as "zompen," transported goods to and from Borculo's harbor for centuries. These boats were specially designed for the shallow waterways of the [[Achterhoek]]. Without a keel, they had minimal draft and could even navigate during low water levels. However, the harbor was filled in and built over in the 19th century.

Until the early 21st century, a [[HEMA_(store)|HEMA]] department store occupied the former harbor's location.

In 2024, the "olde haven" (old harbor) was excavated and restored on a slightly smaller scale. It was officially reopened at the end of June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOS.nl - Na anderhalve eeuw heeft Borculo weer een haventje |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2526588-na-anderhalve-eeuw-heeft-borculo-weer-een-haventje |access-date=2025-04-23 |language=nl}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="180" perrow="5">
File:Borculo, de Onze Lieve Vrouw Tenhemelopnemingkerk GM1859wikinr162 foto3 2015-08-22 17.33.jpg|Church: de Onze Lieve Vrouw Tenhemelopnemingkerk
File:Berkelland-Borculo, het Kristalmuseum GM1859-wikinr6 IMG 0163 2024-03-10 15.36.jpg|Borculo, het Kristalmuseum
File:Borculo, fontein bij de Burg. Bloemersstraat foto4 2015-08-22 17.45.jpg|Fountain near de Burg. Bloemersstraat
File:Borculo, ophaalbrug bij de Burg. Bloemersstraat met de Joriskerk (RM9881) op de achtergrond foto13 2015-08-22 17.56.jpg|Drawbridge near de Burg. Bloemersstraat
</gallery>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.borculo.nl Official Website]

{{Dutch municipality Berkelland}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|52|07|N|6|31|E|region:NL_ype:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2005]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of Gelderland]]
[[Category:Populated places in Gelderland]]
[[Category:Berkelland]]