Editing Book of Habakkuk

{{Short description|Book of the Bible}}
{{Tanakh OT|Nevi'im|prophetic}}

The '''Book of Habakkuk''' is the eighth book of the [[Twelve Minor Prophets]] of the [[Hebrew Bible]].{{sfnp|Cross|2005}} The book has three chapters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bible (online) |url=https://www.bible.com/}}</ref> It is attributed to the prophet [[Habakkuk]]. Most scholars agree that the book was probably composed in the period during [[Jehoiakim]]'s reign as [[Kingdom of Judah|king of Judah]] (609–597 BC).<ref>{{cite book |last1= Ko |first1= Grace|title= The Oxford Handbook of the Minor Prophets |editor1= Julia M. O'Brien |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2021 |pages= 487–498 |chapter= Habakkuk |doi= 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673208.013.30 |quote= "Most scholars agree that the period under the reign of Jehoiakim (609–597 BCE) best fits the situation described in Habakkuk (Baker 1988, 44–45; Haak 1991, 111–139; Bailey and Barker 1998, 257–260; Dangl 2001, 141)."}}</ref> It is an important text in [[Judaism]], and passages from the book are quoted by authors of the [[New Testament]], and its message has inspired modern Christian hymn writers.

Of the three chapters in the book, the first two are a dialogue between [[Yahweh]] and the prophet. Verse 4 in chapter 2, stating that "the just shall live by his faith", plays an important role in [[Christianity|Christian]] thought. It is used in the [[Epistle to the Romans]], [[Epistle to the Galatians]], and the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] as the starting point of the concept of [[faith]].{{sfnp|Cross|2005}} A copy of these two chapters is included in the [[Habakkuk Commentary]], found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]]. Chapter 3 is now recognized as a liturgical piece. It is debated whether chapter 3 and the first two chapters were written by the same author.{{sfnp|Cross|2005}}

== Background ==
The prophet Habakkuk is generally believed to have written his book in the mid-to-late 7th century BC. It was likely written shortly after the [[Battle of Nineveh (612 BC)]] established the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]] but before the Babylonian [[Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)]] and subsequent [[Babylonian captivity]].

===Author===
{{main|Habakkuk}}
In the opening verse, Habakkuk identifies himself as a prophet. Due to the liturgical nature of Habakkuk's book, some scholars think that the author may have been a temple prophet. Temple prophets are described in [[1 Chronicles 25]]:1 as using [[lyre]]s, [[harp]]s and [[cymbal]]s. Some feel that this is echoed in Habakkuk 3:19b, and that Habakkuk may have been a [[Levite]] and [[cantor]] in [[Solomon's Temple]].{{sfnp|Barber|1985|p=15}}

There is no biographical information on the prophet Habakkuk. The only canonical information that exists comes from the book that is named for him.{{sfnp|Brownlow|1961|p=440}}  His name comes either from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word [[wikt:חבק|חבק]] (''ḥavaq'') meaning "embrace", or else from an [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] word ''hambakuku'', for a kind of plant.{{sfnp|Lehrman|1948|p=211}}{{sfnp|Leslie|1962|p=503}}

Although his name does not appear in any other part of the Bible, [[Rabbinic literature|Rabbinic tradition]] holds Habakkuk to be the Shunammite woman's son, who was restored to life by [[Elisha]] in [[2 Kings 4]]:16.{{sfnp|Lehrman|1948|p=211}} The prophet Habakkuk is also mentioned in the narrative of [[Bel and the Dragon]], part of the [[deuterocanonical]] [[additions to Daniel]] in a late section of that book. In the superscription of the Old Greek version, Habakkuk is called the son of Joshua of the tribe of Levi.{{sfnp|Lehrman|1948|p=211}} In this book, Habakkuk is lifted by an angel to Babylon to provide Daniel with food while he is in the lion's den.

===Historical context===
[[File:Chaldean-empire-600BCE.png|thumb|right|240px|The [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]] c. 600 BC]]
It is unknown when Habakkuk lived and preached, but the reference to the rise and advance of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 1:6–11 places him in the middle to last quarter of the 7th century BC.{{sfnp|Coffman|1982|p=61}}{{sfnp|Hailey|1972|pp=271–272}} One possible period might be during the reign of [[Jehoiakim]], from 609 to 598 BC. The Neo-Babylonian Empire was growing in power in this period. The Babylonians marched against Jerusalem in 598 BC. Jehoiakim died while the Babylonians marched towards Jerusalem, and Jehoiakim's eighteen-year-old son [[Jeconiah]] assumed the throne. Upon the Babylonians' arrival, Jehoiachin and his advisors quickly surrendered Jerusalem and [[Zedekiah]] was appointed as a puppet king. With the transition of rulers and the young age and inexperience of Jehoiachin, they could not stand against the Babylonian forces. There is a sense of an intimate knowledge of the Babylonian brutality in 1:12–17.

== Overview ==
The book of Habakkuk is a book of the Hebrew Bible and stands eighth in a section known as the Twelve Minor Prophets in the [[Masoretic Text]] (𝕸) and the [[Septuagint]]. In 𝕸, it follows [[Nahum]] and precedes [[Zephaniah]], who are considered to be his contemporaries.

The book consists of three chapters and it is neatly divided into three different genres:
* A discussion between God and Habakkuk
* An oracle of woe
* A psalm, "Habakkuk's song".

== Themes ==
[[File:Habacuc e Deus (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal ALC.455, fl.301).png|thumb|right|[[Habakkuk]] and God; Illuminated Bible from the 1220s, [[Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal|National Library of Portugal]]]]
[[File:Habakkuk.jpg|thumb|266x266px|Prophet Habakkuk as imagined by an 18th-century Russian icon painter]]
The major theme of Habakkuk is trying to grow from a faith of perplexity and doubt to the height of absolute trust in God. Habakkuk addresses his concerns over the fact that God will use the Babylonian empire to execute judgment on Judah for their sins.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

Habakkuk openly questions the wisdom of God. In the first part of the first chapter, the Prophet sees the injustice among his people and asks why God does not take action.  "Yahweh, how long will I cry, and you will not hear? I cry out to you “Violence!” and will you not save?"&nbsp;– (Habakkuk 1:2)

In the middle part of Chapter 1, God explains that he will send the Chaldeans (also known as the Babylonians) to punish his people. In 1:5: "Look among the nations, watch, and wonder marvelously; for I am working a work in your days, which you will not believe though it is told you." In 1:6: "For, behold, I raise up the Chaldeans, that bitter and hasty nation, that march through the breadth of the earth, to possess dwelling places that are not theirs."

One of the [[Tiqqun soferim|"Eighteen Emendations to the Hebrew Scriptures"]] appears at 1:12.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sykes |first=Sarah |date=2021-06-29 |title=Fragment of the Month: July 2021 |url=https://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/departments/taylor-schechter-genizah-research-unit/fragment-month/fotm-2021/fragment-5 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=www.lib.cam.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> According to the professional Jewish scribes, the Sopherim, the text of 1:12 was changed from "You [God] do not die" to "We shall not die". The Sopherim considered it disrespectful to say to God, "''You'' do not die."

In the final part of the first chapter, the prophet expresses shock at God's choice of instrument for judgment, in 1:13: "You who have purer eyes than to see evil, and who cannot look on perversity, why do you tolerate those who deal treacherously, and keep silent when the wicked swallows up the man who is more righteous than he[...]?"<ref name="auto"/>{{better source needed|date=September 2024}}

In Chapter 2, he awaits God's response to his challenge. God explains that He will also judge the Chaldeans, and much more harshly. "Because you have plundered many nations, all the remnant of the peoples will plunder you, because of men’s blood, and for the violence done to the land, to the city and to all who dwell in it. Woe to him who gets an evil gain for his house." (Habakkuk 2:8-9)<ref name="auto">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060222051554/http://www.ebible.org/web/Habakkuk.htm ''World English Bible'']</ref>

Finally, in Chapter 3, Habakkuk expresses his ultimate faith in God, even if he does not fully understand: "For though the fig tree doesn’t flourish, nor fruit be in the vines; the labor of the olive fails, the fields yield no food; the flocks are cut off from the fold, and there is no herd in the stalls: 3:18 yet I will rejoice in Yahweh. I will be joyful in the God of my salvation!"<ref name="auto"/> Some scholars suggest that the final chapter may be a later independent addition to the book,{{sfnp|Baker|1988|p=46}} in part because it is not included among the Dead Sea Scrolls.

==Surviving early manuscripts==
[[File:Habakkuk Pesher.png|thumb|The beginning of [[Habakkuk Commentary]], '''1QpHab''', found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] from the 1st century BC.]]
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this book in Hebrew language are found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e., [[Habakkuk Commentary|'''1QpHab''', known as the "Habakkuk Commentary"]] (later half of the 1st century BC),<ref name=moshe>Bernstein, Moshe J. "Pesher Habakkuk." Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, p.647</ref> and of the [[Masoretic Text]] tradition, which includes [[Codex Cairensis]] (895 CE), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this book in Hebrew were found among the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], including 4Q82 (4QXII<sup>g</sup>; 25 BCE) with extant verses 4?;{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=617}}<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh>[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#habakkuk Dead sea scrolls - Habakkuk]</ref>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=39}} and [[Wadi Murabba'at]] Minor Prophets (Mur88; MurXIIProph; 75-100 CE) with extant verses 1:3–13, 1:15, 2:2–3, 2:5–11, 2:18–20, and 3:1–19.<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|pp=140-141}}

There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}} Fragments containing parts of this book in Greek were also found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, [[Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever|Naḥal Ḥever 8Ḥev1 (8ḤevXII<sup>gr</sup>)]]; (late 1st century BCE) with extant verses 1:5–11, 1:14–17, 2:1–8, 2:13–20, and 3:8–15.<ref name=thewaytoyahuweh/>{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=127}}

== Importance ==
The Book of Habakkuk is accepted as [[Biblical canon|canonical]] by adherents of the Jewish and Christian faiths.

===Judaism===
The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the Twelve Prophets of the [[Hebrew Bible]],{{sfnp|Cross|2005}} and this collection appears in all copies of texts of the [[Septuagint]],{{sfnp|Baker|1988|p=46}} the [[Ancient Greek]] translation of the Hebrew Bible completed by 132 BC. Likewise, the book of [[Sirach]] (or Ecclesiasticus), also written in the 2nd century BC, mentions "[[Trei Asar|The Twelve Prophets]]".{{sfnp|Hirsch|Blau|Kohler|Schmidt|1906}}

A partial copy of Habakkuk itself is included in the [[Habakkuk Commentary]], a ''[[pesher]]'' found among the original seven [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] discovered in 1947. The Commentary contains a copy of the first two chapters of Habakkuk, but not of the third chapter.{{sfnp|Wise|Abegg|Cook|1996|p=115}} The writer of the ''pesher'' draws a comparison between the Babylonian invasion of the original text and the Roman threat of the writer's own period.{{sfnp|Wise|Abegg|Cook|1996|p=115}} What is even more significant than the commentary in the ''pesher'' is the quoted text of Habakkuk itself. The divergences between the Hebrew text of the scroll and the standard [[Masoretic Text]] are startlingly minimal. The biggest differences are word order, small grammatical variations, addition or omission of conjunctions, and spelling variations, but these are small enough not to damage the meaning of the text.{{sfnp|Harris|1966|pp=22–30}}{{sfnp|Clark|Hatton|1989|p=65}}

Some scholars suggest that Chapter 3 may be a later independent addition to the book,{{sfnp|Baker|1988|p=46}} in part because it is not included among the Dead Sea Scrolls.  However, this chapter does appear in all copies of the Septuagint, as well as in texts from as early as the 3rd century BC.{{sfnp|Baker|1988|p=46}} This final chapter is a poetic praise of God, and has some similarities with [[Exodus 19]],<ref>Gowan, D. E., ''34. Habakkuk'', in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 The Oxford Bible Commentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122193211/http://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 |date=2017-11-22 }}, p. 603</ref> and with texts found in the [[Book of Daniel]]. However, the fact that the third chapter is written in a different style, as a liturgical piece, does not necessarily mean that Habakkuk was not also its author.{{sfnp|Cross|2005}}

===Qumran community===
A commentary on the first two chapters of the book was found among the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran. The omission of chapter 3 from the version within the Dead Sea Scrolls has been attributed to incompatibilities with the theology of the [[Qumran]] sect.{{sfnp|Széles|1987|p=9}}

==Habakkuk 2:4==
[[File:Köln_Juedfriedbockl2-07-03-25.jpg|thumb|Habakkuk 2:4b quoted in a Jewish cemetery in [[Cologne]]: "the righteous will live by his faith."]]
[[File:PaulT.jpg|thumb|right|240px|''Saint Paul Writing His Epistles'', 16th-century painting]]
The Talmud (Makkot 24a) mentions that various Biblical figures grouped the [[613 commandments]] into categories that encapsulated all of the 613. At the end of this discussion, the Talmud concludes, "Habakkuk came and established [the 613 mitzvoth] upon one, as it is stated: 'But the righteous person shall live by his faith' ([[Habakkuk 2#Verse 4|Habakkuk 2:4]])".

Habakkuk 2:4 is well known in Christianity. In the [[New International Version]] of the bible it reads:

:''See, the enemy is puffed up; his desires are not upright''
::''but the righteous person will live by his faithfulness.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bible Gateway passage: Habakkuk 2:4 - New International Version |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Habakkuk%202%3A4&version=NIV |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=Bible Gateway |language=en}}</ref>

Although the second half of this passage is only three words in the original Hebrew,{{sfnp|Barber|1985|p=38}}{{refn|group=lower-alpha|The [[s:he:חבקוק ניקוד|Hebrew text]] is {{Script/Hebrew|וְצַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה}}}} it is quoted three times in the [[New Testament]].<ref name="McGee">{{cite book | last=McGee | first=J. Vernon | year=1991 | title=Nahum and Habakkuk | series=Thru the Bible Commentary Series | location=Nashville, TN | publisher=Thomas Nelson Publishers | isbn=0-7852-1033-4}}</ref>{{rp|66}} [[Paul the Apostle]] quotes it once in his [[Romans 1|Epistle to the Romans]],<ref>''Bible'', [[Romans 1:17]]</ref> and again in his [[Galatians 3|Epistle to the Galatians]];<ref>''Bible'', [[Galatians 3:11]]</ref> its third use is in the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]].<ref>''Bible'', [[Hebrews 10:38]]</ref> It became one of the most important of the verses that were used as foundations of the doctrines of the [[Reformation|Protestant reformation]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Price |first=Ira Maurice |date=1910 |title=The Just Shall Live by Faith: Habakkuk 2:4 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3141826 |journal=The Biblical World |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=39–45 |doi=10.1086/474285 |jstor=3141826 |s2cid=144496372 |issn=0190-3578}}</ref><ref name=":1"/>

There is controversy about the translation of the verse: the word "emunah" is most often translated as "faithfulness", though the word in this verse has been traditionally translated as "faith".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Clendenen |first=E. Ray |date=2014-01-01 |title=Salvation by Faith or by Faithfulness in the Book of Habakkuk? |url=https://scholarlypublishingcollective.org/psup/biblical-research/article/24/4/505/252747/Salvation-by-Faith-or-by-Faithfulness-in-the-Book |journal=Bulletin for Biblical Research |language=en |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=505–513 |doi=10.2307/26371312 |jstor=26371312 |s2cid=246630454 |issn=1065-223X}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite thesis |last=Tresham |first=Aaron K. |title=Paul's Use Of Habakkuk 2:4 In Romans 1:17 And Galatians 3:11 |type=Masters |publisher=The Master's Seminary |date=2008 |url=https://www.academia.edu/5886101}}{{better source needed|date=April 2023|reason=Per [[WP:SCHOLARSHIP]] only published doctorates are considered reliable sources}}</ref>

The word "emunah" is not translated as "belief" other than in Habakkuk 2:4,<ref>{{Cite book |title=New English Translation |publisher=Biblical Studies Press |year=2001 |quote=Habakkuk 2:4 tn Or “loyalty”; or “integrity.” The Hebrew word אֱמוּנָה (ʾemunah) has traditionally been translated as "faith", but the term nowhere else refers to “belief” as such. When used of human character and conduct it carries the notion of “honesty, integrity, reliability, faithfulness”. The antecedent of the suffix has been understood in different ways. It could refer to God’s faithfulness, but in this case one would expect a first person suffix (the original form of the LXX has “my faithfulness” here).}}</ref>  Clendenen, E. Ray defended the translation of the word as "faith" on the basis of the context of the verse, arguing that it refers to ''Genesis 15:6'', which used the word "''he’ĕmin"''  'believed' of which "''’ĕmȗnāh''" is derived from, he also argued that the [[Essenes]] in the Qumran community likely understood the verse as referring to faith in the [[Teacher of Righteousness]] instead of faithfulness.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sprinkle |first=Preston M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rYeKAAAAQBAJ&dq=Habakkuk+2%3A4+Qumran&pg=PA165 |title=Paul and Judaism Revisited: A Study of Divine and Human Agency in Salvation |date=2013-08-01 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=978-0-8308-2709-1 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Martin Luther]] believed that Habakkuk 2:4 taught the doctrine of [[Sola fide|faith alone]], commenting on the verse "For this is a general saying applicable to all of God's words. These must be believed, whether spoken at the beginning, middle, or end of the world".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hess |first=Richard S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfvBDQAAQBAJ&dq=Habakkuk+2%3A4+Martin+Luther&pg=PT667 |title=The Old Testament: A Historical, Theological, and Critical Introduction |date=2016-11-15 |publisher=Baker Academic |isbn=978-1-4934-0573-2 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Rashi]] interpreted the verse to be about [[Jeconiah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rashi on Habakkuk 2:4:2 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Rashi_on_Habakkuk.2.4.2?ven=The_Twelve_Prophets,_English_translation_by_A._Cohen,_Soncino_Press,_1948&vhe=On_Your_Way&lang=bi |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=www.sefaria.org}}</ref>

The [[Targum]] interpreted the verse as "The wicked think that all these things are not so, but the righteous live by the truth of them".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beale |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_4Tj384hrcC&dq=Habakkuk+2%3A4+Targum&pg=PT1197 |title=Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament |last2=Carson |first2=D. A. |date=2007-11-01 |publisher=Baker Books |isbn=978-1-4412-1052-4 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Pseudo-Ignatius]] understood the verse to be about faith.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHURCH FATHERS: Spurious Epistles (Ignatius of Antioch) |url=https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0114.htm |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=www.newadvent.org |quote=who am driven along by land and sea, exhort you: stand fast in the faith, 1 Corinthians 16:13 and be steadfast, for the just shall live by faith;}}</ref>

==Habakkuk 2:6-20: the taunting riddle==
The [[melitzah]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Klein_Dictionary%2C_%D7%9E%D6%B0%D7%9C%D6%B4%D7%99%D7%A6%D6%B8%D7%94.1?lang=bi&lookup=%D7%9E%D6%B0%D7%9C%D6%B4%D7%99%D7%A6%D6%B8%D7%94&with=Lexicon&lang2=en|title= Klein Dictionary - מְלִיצָה |publisher=[[Sefaria |Sefaria.org]]}}</ref> [[Hebrew riddles|ḥidah]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Klein_Dictionary%2C_%D7%97%D6%B4%D7%99%D7%93%D6%B8%D7%94.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en|title= Klein Dictionary - חִידָה |publisher=[[Sefaria |Sefaria.org]]}}</ref> or the [[taunting#Verbal taunts|taunting]] [[riddle]], is the [[oracle]] revealed to [[Habakkuk]] the [[prophet]]. It is a [[Mashal (allegory)|mashal]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Klein_Dictionary%2C_%D7%9E%D6%B8%D7%A9%D6%B8%D7%81%D7%9C.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en|title= Klein Dictionary - מָשָׁל |publisher=[[Sefaria |Sefaria.org]]}}</ref> which is a [[proverb]] and a [[parable]]. It is also known as a [[wit]]ty [[satire]], a [[Mockery|mocking]] and an [[Riddle|enigma]]. The riddle is 15 verses long, from verse 6 to verse 20, and is divided into five [[Suffering|woes]] which consist of three verses each.

===Hebrew Text===
The following table shows the [[Hebrew]] text<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2002.htm |title= Habakkuk – Chapter 2 |publisher=Mechon Mamre}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Habakkuk.2.6?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures:_A_New_Translation_(JPS_1917)&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en |title= Habakkuk 2:6 - JPS 1917 |publisher=[[Sefaria |Sefaria.org]]}}</ref> of Habakkuk 2:6-20<ref>{{bibleverse|Habakkuk|2:6-20|KJV}} KJV</ref> with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the [[Jewish Publication Society of America Version|JPS 1917]] translation (now in the [[public domain]]).
{| class="wikitable"
!Verse
!Hebrew text
!English translation (JPS 1917)
|-
| align="center" | 6
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|הֲלוֹא־אֵ֣לֶּה כֻלָּ֗ם עָלָיו֙ מָשָׁ֣ל יִשָּׂ֔אוּ וּמְלִיצָ֖ה חִיד֣וֹת ל֑וֹ וְיֹאמַ֗ר ה֚וֹי הַמַּרְבֶּ֣ה לֹּא־ל֔וֹ עַד־מָתַ֕י וּמַכְבִּ֥יד עָלָ֖יו עַבְטִֽיט׃}}
|Shall not all these take up a parable against him, And a taunting riddle against him, And say: ‘Woe to him that increaseth that which is not his! How long? and that ladeth himself with many pledges!
|-
| align="center" | 7
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|הֲל֣וֹא פֶ֗תַע יָק֙וּמוּ֙ נֹֽשְׁכֶ֔יךָ וְיִקְצ֖וּ מְזַעְזְעֶ֑יךָ וְהָיִ֥יתָ לִמְשִׁסּ֖וֹת לָֽמוֹ׃}}
|Shall they not rise up suddenly that shall exact interest of thee, And awake that shall violently shake thee, And thou shalt be for booties unto them?
|-
| align="center" | 8
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה שַׁלּ֙וֹתָ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים יְשָׁלּ֖וּךָ כׇּל־יֶ֣תֶר עַמִּ֑ים מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַֽחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכׇל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ {פ}}}
|Because thou hast spoiled many nations, All the remnant of the peoples shall spoil thee; Because of men's blood, and for the violence done to the land, To the city and to all that dwell therein.
|-
| align="center" | 9
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|ה֗וֹי בֹּצֵ֛עַ בֶּ֥צַע רָ֖ע לְבֵית֑וֹ לָשׂ֤וּם בַּמָּרוֹם֙ קִנּ֔וֹ לְהִנָּצֵ֖ל מִכַּף־רָֽע׃}}
|Woe to him that gaineth evil gains for his house, That he may set his nest on high, That he may be delivered from the power of evil!
|-
| align="center" | 10
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|יָעַ֥צְתָּ בֹּ֖שֶׁת לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ קְצוֹת־עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים וְחוֹטֵ֥א נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃}}
|Thou hast devised shame to thy house, By cutting off many peoples, And hast forfeited thy life.
|-
| align="center" | 11
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|כִּי־אֶ֖בֶן מִקִּ֣יר תִּזְעָ֑ק וְכָפִ֖יס מֵעֵ֥ץ יַעֲנֶֽנָּה׃ {פ}}}
|For the stone shall cry out of the wall, And the beam out of the timber shall answer it.
|-
| align="center" | 12
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|ה֛וֹי בֹּנֶ֥ה עִ֖יר בְּדָמִ֑ים וְכוֹנֵ֥ן קִרְיָ֖ה בְּעַוְלָֽה׃}}
|Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, And establisheth a city by iniquity!
|-
| align="center" | 13
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|הֲל֣וֹא הִנֵּ֔ה מֵאֵ֖ת יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְיִֽיגְע֤וּ עַמִּים֙ בְּדֵי־אֵ֔שׁ וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים בְּדֵי־רִ֥יק יִעָֽפוּ׃}}
|Behold, is it not of the LORD of hosts That the peoples labour for the fire, And the nations weary themselves for vanity?
|-
| align="center" | 14
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|כִּ֚י תִּמָּלֵ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ לָדַ֖עַת אֶת־כְּב֣וֹד יְהֹוָ֑ה כַּמַּ֖יִם יְכַסּ֥וּ עַל־יָֽם׃ {פ}}}
|For the earth shall be filled With the knowledge of the glory of the LORD, As the waters cover the sea.
|-
| align="center" | 15
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|ה֚וֹי מַשְׁקֵ֣ה רֵעֵ֔הוּ מְסַפֵּ֥חַ חֲמָתְךָ֖ וְאַ֣ף שַׁכֵּ֑ר לְמַ֥עַן הַבִּ֖יט עַל־מְעוֹרֵיהֶֽם׃}}
|Woe unto him that giveth his neighbour drink, That puttest thy venom thereto, and makest him drunken also, That thou mayest look on their nakedness!
|-
| align="center" | 16
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|שָׂבַ֤עְתָּ קָלוֹן֙ מִכָּב֔וֹד שְׁתֵ֥ה גַם־אַ֖תָּה וְהֵעָרֵ֑ל תִּסּ֣וֹב עָלֶ֗יךָ כּ֚וֹס יְמִ֣ין יְהֹוָ֔ה וְקִיקָל֖וֹן עַל־כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃}}
|Thou art filled with shame instead of glory, Drink thou also, and be uncovered; The cup of the LORD’S right hand shall be turned unto thee, And filthiness shall be upon thy glory.
|-
| align="center" | 17
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|כִּ֣י חֲמַ֤ס לְבָנוֹן֙ יְכַסֶּ֔ךָּ וְשֹׁ֥ד בְּהֵמ֖וֹת יְחִיתַ֑ן מִדְּמֵ֤י אָדָם֙ וַחֲמַס־אֶ֔רֶץ קִרְיָ֖ה וְכׇל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃}}
|For the violence done to Lebanon shall cover thee, And the destruction of the beasts, which made them afraid; Because of men's blood, and for the violence done to the land, To the city and to all that dwell therein.
|-
| align="center" | 18
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|מָה־הוֹעִ֣יל פֶּ֗סֶל כִּ֤י פְסָלוֹ֙ יֹֽצְר֔וֹ מַסֵּכָ֖ה וּמ֣וֹרֶה שָּׁ֑קֶר כִּ֣י בָטַ֞ח יֹצֵ֤ר יִצְרוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֱלִילִ֥ים אִלְּמִֽים׃ {ס}}}
|What profiteth the graven image, That the maker thereof hath graven it, Even the molten image, and the teacher of lies; That the maker of his work trusteth therein, To make dumb idols?
|-
| align="center" | 19
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|ה֣וֹי אֹמֵ֤ר לָעֵץ֙ הָקִ֔יצָה ע֖וּרִי לְאֶ֣בֶן דּוּמָ֑ם ה֣וּא יוֹרֶ֔ה הִנֵּה־ה֗וּא תָּפוּשׂ֙ זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֔סֶף וְכׇל־ר֖וּחַ אֵ֥ין בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃}}
|Woe unto him that saith to the wood: ‘Awake’, To the dumb stone: ‘Arise! ’ Can this teach? Behold, it is overlaid with gold and silver, And there is no breath at all in the midst of it.
|-
| align="center" | 20
| align="right" | {{Script/Hebrew|וַיהֹוָ֖ה בְּהֵיכַ֣ל קׇדְשׁ֑וֹ הַ֥ס מִפָּנָ֖יו כׇּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ {ס}}}
|But the LORD is in His holy temple; Let all the earth keep silence before Him.
|}

==Habakkuk 3:1==
:''A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet, according to Shigionoth.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Habakkuk|3:1|ESV}}: [[English Standard Version]]</ref>
This verse is a heading for the final chapter. The exact meaning of "Shigionoth" is not known.<ref>[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Habakkuk%203%3A1-2&version=NKJV#fen-NKJV-22770a Footnote a at Habakkuk 3:1] in the [[New King James Version]]</ref> The [[New Living Translation]] treats the word as an addition in the Hebrew text which "probably" indicates the prayer's musical setting,<ref>[[Tyndale House Foundation]] (1996), [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Habakkuk%203%3A1-2&version=NLT#fen-NLT-22746a Footnote a at Habakkuk 3:1 in the NLT]</ref> and the [[Jerusalem Bible]] suggests that the prayer adopts "the tone as for [[dirge]]s".<ref>Jerusalem Bible (1966), Habakkuk 3:1</ref>

==Musical uses==
Modern Christian [[hymn]]s have been inspired by the words of the prophet Habakkuk:
*the Christian hymn "[[commons:Image:Lord is in his holy temple.ogg|The Lord is in His Holy Temple]]", written in 1900 by [[William J. Kirkpatrick]], is based on Habakkuk 2:20.{{sfnp|Wiegland|1992|p=685}}
*the fourth verse of [[William Cowper]]'s hymn "Sometimes a Light Surprises", written in 1779, quotes Habakkuk 3:17–18:

{{Blockquote
|text= Though vine nor fig-tree neither,<br/>Their wonted fruit shall bear,<br/>Though all the field should wither,<br/>Nor flocks nor herds be there;<br/>
Yet God the same abiding,<br/> His praise shall tune my voice,<br/> For, while in Him confiding,<br/> I cannot but rejoice.
|sign=William Cowper, 1779{{sfnp|Whelpton|1916|p=229; song 279}} }}

Irish composer [[Charles Villiers Stanford]] set slightly revised portions of text from the first and second chapters of Habakkuk in his choral composition for [[SATB|choir]], soprano and tenor soloist and organ, "For Lo, I Raise Up".

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== Citations ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
{{refbegin|35em}}
* {{cite book | last=Achtemeier | first=Elizabeth | year=1993 | chapter=Habbakuk, The Book of | title=The Oxford Companion to the Bible | editor1-last=Metzger | editor1-first=Bruce M. | editor2-last=Coogan | editor2-first=Michael D. | location=New York | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-504645-5 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458/page/265 265–266]| author-link=Elizabeth Achtemeier | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458/page/265 }}
* {{cite book | last=Andersen | first=Francis I. | year=2001 | title=Habbakuk | series=The Anchor Bible | location=New York | publisher=Doubleday | isbn=0-385-08396-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Bailey | first=Waylon | year=1998 | chapter=Habakkuk | title=Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah | series=The New American Commentary | volume=20 | location=Nashville, Tennessee | publisher=Broadman & Holman Publishers | isbn=0-8054-0120-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Baker | first=David W. | year=1988 | title=Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah | series=[[Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries]] | location=Downers Grove, Illinois | publisher=Inter-Varsity Press | isbn=0-87784-249-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Barber | first=Cyril J. | year=1985 | title=Habakkuk and Zephaniah | series=Everyman's Bible Commentary | location=Chicago | publisher=Moody Press | isbn=0-8024-2069-9}}
* {{cite book | last=Ben Zvi | first=Ehud | editor1-last=Berlin | editor1-first=Adele | editor2-last=Brettler | editor2-first=Marc Zvi | year=2004 | chapter=Habakkuk | title=The Jewish Study Bible | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515 | url-access=registration | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-529751-5 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515/page/1226 1226–1233]}}
* {{cite journal | last=Betteridge | first=Walter R. | year=1903 | title=The interpretation of the prophecy of Habakkuk | journal=The American Journal of Theology | volume=7 | issue=4 | pages=647–661| doi=10.1086/478403 }}
* {{cite book | last=Brettler | first=Marc Zvi | editor1-last=Berlin | editor1-first=Adele | editor2-last=Brettler | editor2-first=Marc Zvi | year=2004 | chapter=Nevi'im | title=The Jewish Study Bible | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515 | url-access=registration | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-529751-5 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515/page/451 451–461]}}
* {{cite book | last=Brownlow | first=Leroy | year=1961 | chapter=Habakkuk | title=The Old Testament Books and their Messages in the Christian Age | location=Fort Worth | series=Second Annual Fort Worth Christian College Lectureship | publisher=The Manney Company | pages=439–453}}
* {{cite book | last=Bruce | first=F. F. | author-link=F. F. Bruce | editor-last=McComiskey | year=2009 | chapter=Habakkuk | editor-first=Thomas Edward | title=The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and Expository Commentary | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | publisher=Baker Academic | pages=831–896 | isbn=978-0-8010-3631-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Chisholm | first=Robert B. Jr. | year=1990 | chapter=Habakkuk | title=Interpreting the Minor Prophets | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | publisher=Academie Books | isbn=0-310-30801-1 | pages=183–199}}
* {{cite book | last1=Clark | first1=David J. | last2=Hatton | first2=Howard A. | year=1989 | title=A Translator's Handbook on The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah | location=New York | publisher=United Bible Societies | isbn=0-8267-0141-8 | name-list-style=amp }}
* {{cite book | last=Coffman | first=James Burton | year=1982 | title=Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, and Haggai | edition=revised | series=Commentary on the Minor Prophets | volume=3 | location=Abilene, Texas | publisher=ACU Press | isbn=0-915547-46-5 | pages=61–116}}
* {{cite book | last1=Coggins | first1=Richard | last2=Han | first2=Jin H. | year=2011 | title=Six Minor Prophets Through the Centuries | series= Blackwell Bible Commentaries | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | isbn=978-1-4051-7675-0 }}
* {{cite book | editor1-last=Cross | editor1-first=F. L. | editor2-last=Livingston | editor2-first=E. A. | year=2005 | title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | edition=3rd | location=New York | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-280290-9 | name-list-style=amp | ref={{sfnref|Cross|2005}} }}
* {{cite book | editor-last=Driver | editor-first=S. R. | year=1906 | title=The Minor Prophets: Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi | series=The Century Bible | location=Edinburgh | publisher=T. C. & E. C. Jack, Ltd }}
* {{Cite book |last=Fitzmyer |first=Joseph A. |authorlink=Joseph Fitzmyer |title=A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature |publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC |year=2008 |isbn=9780802862419 |location=Grand Rapids, MI}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last=Gigot | first=F. | year=1910 | title=Habacuc (Habakkuk) | encyclopedia=The Catholic Encyclopedia | location=New York | publisher=Robert Appleton Company | access-date=2010-12-19 | at=New Advent | url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07097a.htm }}
* {{cite book | last=Gowan | first=Donald E. | year=1976 | title=The Triumph of Faith in Habakkuk | location=Atlanta | publisher=John Knox Press | isbn=0-8042-0195-1| url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/triumphoffaithin00gowa }}
* {{cite journal | last=Haak | first=Robert D. | year=1988 | title="Poetry" in Habakkuk 1:1–2:4? | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume=108 | issue=3 | pages=437–444| doi=10.2307/603864 | jstor=603864 }}
* {{cite book | last=Hailey | first=Homer | author-link=Homer Hailey | year=1972 | chapter=Habakkuk | title=A Commentary on the Minor Prophets | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | publisher=Baker Book House | isbn=0-8010-4049-3 | pages=271–296}}
* {{cite book | last=Harris | first=J. G. | year=1966 | title=The Qumran Commentary on Habakkuk | series=Contemporary Studies in Theology | location=London | publisher=A. R. Mowbray & Co | pages=22–30}}
* {{cite book | last=Henderson | first=Ebenezer| author-link=Ebenezer Henderson | year=1980 | orig-year=First published 1858 | title=The Twelve Minor Prophets | series=Thornapple Commentaries | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | publisher=Baker Book House | isbn=0-8010-4217-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Hirsch | first=Emil G. | author-link=Emil G. Hirsch | year=1906 | chapter=Habakkuk, Book of | title=Jewish Encyclopedia | url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6976-habakkuk-book-of}}
* {{cite book | last1=Hirsch | first1=Emil G. | last2=Blau | first2=Ludwig | last3=Kohler | first3=Kaufmann | last4=Schmidt | first4=Nathaniel | year=1906 | chapter=Bible Canon | title=Jewish Encyclopedia | url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3259-bible-canon | name-list-style=amp | author-mask=7 }}
* {{cite book | last=Humbert | first=Paul | year=1944 | title=Problèmes du Livre d'Habacuc | series=Mémoires de l'Université de Neuchatel, '''18''' | location=Neuchatel | publisher=Secrétariat de l'Université | isbn=0-8042-0195-1| url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/triumphoffaithin00gowa }}
* {{cite journal | last=Irving | first=T. Johnstone | year=1908 | title=Habakkuk | journal=The Biblical World | volume=31 | issue=1 | pages=51–61| doi=10.1086/474001 | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | last=Irwin | first=William A. | year=1956 | title=The mythological background of Habakkuk, chapter 3 | journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies | volume=15 | issue=1 | pages=47–50| doi=10.1086/371309 | s2cid=162247400 }}
* {{cite book | last=Johnson | first=Robert L. | year=1969 | title=The Letter of Paul to the Galatians | series=The Living Word Commentary | location=Abilene, Texas | publisher=ACU Press | isbn=0-915547-29-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Kachelman | first=John L. Jr. | year=2000 | title=Habakkuk: When God Seems So Silent | publisher=Freed-Hardeman University Press}}
* {{cite journal | last=Kelly | first=Fred T. | year=1902 | title=The strophic structure of Habakkuk | journal=The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures | volume=18 | issue=2 | pages=94–119| doi=10.1086/369437 | hdl=2027/uc1.$b30217 | doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book | last1=LaSor | first1=William Sanford | author-link=William Sanford La Sor | last2=Hubbard | first2=David Allan | last3=Bush | first3=Frederic Wm. | year=1982 | title=Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans | isbn=0-8028-3556-2 | name-list-style=amp | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/oldtestamentsurv00laso_0 }}
* {{cite book | last=Lehrman | first=S. M., Rabbi | year=1948 | chapter=Habakkuk | title=The Twelve Prophets | editor=A. Cohen | location=London | publisher=The Soncino Press | pages=210–220}}
* {{cite book | last=Leslie | first=E. A. | year=1962 | chapter=Habakkuk | title=The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible: An Illustrated Encyclopedia | editor=Buttrick, George Arthur | editor-link=George Arthur Buttrick | location=Nashville, Tennessee | publisher=Abingdon Press | isbn=0-687-19271-4 | volume=2 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/interpretersdict02butt/page/503 503–505]| display-editors=etal | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/interpretersdict02butt/page/503 }}
* {{cite book | last=Lloyd-Jones | first=D. Martyn | author-link=Martyn Lloyd-Jones | year=1966 | orig-year=First published 1953 | title=From Fear to Faith: Studies in the Book of Habakkuk | location=Leicester, UK | publisher=Inter-Varsity Press | isbn=0-85110-332-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Moore | first=Carey A. | year=1977 | title=Daniel, Esther and Jeremiah: The Additions | series=The Anchor Bible | location=Garden City, New York | publisher=Doubleday & Company | isbn=0-385-04702-9| url=https://archive.org/details/danielestherjere00tari }}
* {{cite book | last=Neusner | first=Jacob | year=1994 | title=Introduction to Rabbinic Literature | series=The Anchor Bible Reference Library | location=New York | publisher=Doubleday | isbn=0-385-47093-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Patterson | first=Richard D. | year=2003 | title=An Exegetical Commentary: Nahum, Habbakuk, Zephaniah | publisher=Biblical Studies Press | url=http://bible.org/series/exegetical-commentary-nahum-habakkuk-zephaniah | isbn=0-7375-0019-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Pusey | first=E. B. | author-link= Edward Bouverie Pusey | year=1950 | orig-year=First published 1860 | title=The Minor Prophets: A Commentary | volume=2 | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | publisher=Baker Book House}}
* {{cite book | last=Robertson | first=O. Palmer | year=1990 | title=The Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah | series=The New International Commentary on the Old Testament | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans | isbn=978-0-8028-2532-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Smith | first=Ralph L. | year=1984 | chapter=Habakkuk | title=Micah–Malachi | series=[[Word Biblical Commentary]] | volume=32 | location=Waco, Texas | publisher=Words Books | isbn=0-8499-0231-2 | pages=92–117}}
* {{cite book | last=Széles | first=Mária Eszenyei | year=1987 | title=Wrath and Mercy: A Commentary on the Books of Habakkuk and Zephaniah | others=trans. George A. F. Knight | series=International Theological Commentary | location=Grand Rapids, Michigan | publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans | isbn=0-8028-0242-7| url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/wrathmercycommen0000esze }}
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Ulrich |editor-first=Eugene |editor-link=Eugene Ulrich |title=The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants |year=2010 |publisher=Brill |url=https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls}}
* {{cite journal | last1=Walker | first1=H. H. | last2=Lund | first2=N. W. | year=1934 | title=The literary structure of the book of Habakkuk | journal=Journal of Biblical Literature | volume=53 | issue=4 | pages=355–370 | name-list-style=amp | doi=10.2307/3259376 | jstor=3259376 }}
* {{cite book | editor=Whelpton, George | year=1916 | chapter=song 279 | title=The Church Hymnal | location=New York | publisher=The Century Co | ref={{sfnref|Whelpton|1916}} }}
* {{cite book | editor=Wiegand, John P. | year=1992 | chapter=song 685 | title=Praise for the Lord | location=Nashville, Tennessee | publisher=Praise Press | isbn=0-89098-119-1 | ref={{sfnref|Wiegland|1992}} }}
* {{cite book | last1=Wise | first1=Michael | last2=Abegg | first2=Martin Jr. | last3=Cook | first3=Edward | year=1996 | title=The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation | location=San Francisco | publisher=HarperSanFrancisco | isbn=0-06-069200-6 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780060692001/page/114 114–122] | name-list-style=amp | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780060692001/page/114 }}
* {{cite book |last=Würthwein |first=Ernst |authorlink=Ernst Würthwein |title=The Text of the Old Testament |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |location=Grand Rapids, MI |year=1995 |translator-first1=Erroll F. |translator-last1=Rhodes |isbn=0-8028-0788-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC |access-date=January 26, 2019}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{wikisource|Habakkuk (Bible)|Habakkuk}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{wiktionary|Habakkuk}}

'''Historic manuscripts'''
* [http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/habakkuk The Commentary on Habakkuk Scroll], ''The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls'', hosted by the [[Israel Museum]], Jerusalem.

'''[[Judaism|Jewish]] translations'''
* [http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16197 Chavakuk&nbsp;– Habakkuk (Judaica Press)] translation [with [[Rashi]]'s commentary] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20070923011058/http://www.chabad.org/default.asp Chabad.org]

'''[[Christianity|Christian]] translations'''
*[http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Habakkuk+1 ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
* {{librivox book | title=Habakkuk}} Various versions

'''Further information'''
* [http://www.powerofchange.org/s/habakkuk_intro.pdf A Brief Introduction to The Prophecy of Habakkuk for Contemporary Readers] (Christian Perspective)
* [http://www.ibs.org/niv/studybible/habakkuk.php Introduction to the book of Habakkuk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801154610/http://www.ibs.org/niv/studybible/habakkuk.php |date=2008-08-01 }} from the [[NIV Study Bible]]
* [http://www.vts.edu/ftpimages/95/download/FM.Hobbins.Habakkuk.pdf Introduction to the Book of Habakkuk][[Forward Movement]] Publications

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou | [[Minor prophet]]s|||}}
{{s-bef | before= [[Book of Nahum|Nahum]] | rows = 2 }}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]] }}
{{s-aft | after= [[Book of Zephaniah|Zephaniah]] | rows = 2 }}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Christianity|Christian]]<br>[[Old Testament]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Book of Habakkuk}}
{{Books of the Bible}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Habakkuk, Book Of}}
[[Category:Book of Habakkuk| ]]
[[Category:7th-century BC books]]
[[Category:Twelve Minor Prophets| 08]]