Editing Bock

{{Short description|Strong lager}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox drink
| name         = Bock
| image        = Bitburger Winterbock Bottle Front.jpg
| caption      = Bottle of Bitburger Winterbock
| abv          = 6.3% – 13% or more, depending on the variant
| proof        = 
| manufacturer = 
| distributor  = 
| origin       = Germany
| introduced   = 14th century
| discontinued = 
| colour       = Light copper to brown
| flavour      = 
| ingredients  = 
| variants     = Maibock, Doppelbock, Weizenbock, Eisbock
| related      = 
| website      = 
| region       = 
}}

'''Bock''' ({{IPA|de|bɔk|lang|De-Bock.ogg}}) is a strong [[Beer in Germany|German beer]], usually a dark [[lager]].

==History==
The style now known as ''Bock'' was first brewed in the 14th century in the [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] town of [[Einbeck]] in Lower Saxony.<ref name="Jackson">{{Cite web |title=Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter – Original Bock: the beer the doctor ordered |url=http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-000034.html |access-date=2010-10-07 |publisher=beerhunter.com}}</ref>

The style was later adopted in [[Bavaria]] by [[Munich]] brewers in the 17th century. Due to their Bavarian accent, citizens of Munich pronounced "Einbeck" as "ein Bock" ("a [[billy goat]]"), and thus the beer became known as "Bock". A goat often appears on bottle labels.<ref name="Jackson" />

Bock is historically associated with special occasions, often religious festivals such as Christmas, Easter, or Lent (''{{lang|de|Lentenbock}}''). Bock has a long history of being brewed and consumed by Bavarian monks as a source of nutrition during times of fasting.<ref name="GBI">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Doppelbock |url=http://www.germanbeerinstitute.com/Doppelbock.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022152031/http://germanbeerinstitute.com/Doppelbock.html |archive-date=22 October 2010 |access-date=2010-10-07 |publisher=German Beer Institute}}</ref>

==Styles==
Substyles of Bock include:

*'''Maibock''' (''May Bock''), a paler, more hopped version generally made for consumption at spring festivals. Due to its lighter colour, it is also referred to as '''Heller Bock'''; from German ''hell'' (bright, light in colour).
*'''Doppelbock''' (''Double Bock''), a stronger and [[malt]]ier version
*'''Eisbock''' (''Ice Bock''), a much stronger version made by partially [[Fractional freezing|freezing the beer and removing the ice that forms]]
*'''Weizenbock''' (''Wheat Bock''), a [[wheat beer]] made from 40 to 60% wheat

Traditionally Bock is a sweet, relatively strong (6.3–7.6% by volume), lightly hopped lager registering between 20 and 30 [[International Bitterness Units]] (IBUs).<ref name="BA">{{Cite web |title=2022 Brewers Association Beer Style Guidelines |url=https://www.brewersassociation.org/edu/brewers-association-beer-style-guidelines/ |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=[[Brewers Association]]}}</ref> The beer should be clear, with colour ranging from light copper to brown, and a bountiful, persistent off-white head. The aroma should be malty and toasty, possibly with hints of [[Ethanol|alcohol]], but no detectable [[hops]] or fruitiness. The [[mouthfeel]] is smooth, with low to moderate [[carbonation]] and no [[astringency]]. The taste is rich and toasty, sometimes with a bit of caramel. The low-to-undetectable presence of hops provides just enough bitterness so that the sweetness is not cloying and the aftertaste is muted.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

===Maibock===
The '''Maibock''' style – also known as '''Heller Bock''' or '''Lente Bock''' in [[Netherlands|the Netherlands]]{{snd}}is a strong [[pale lager]], lighter in colour and with more hop presence.<ref name="BA" />

Colour can range from deep gold to light amber with a large, creamy, persistent white head, and moderate to moderately high carbonation, while alcohol content ranges from 6.3% to 8.1% by volume.<ref name="BA" /> The flavour is typically less malty than a traditional Bock, and may be drier, hoppier, and more bitter, but still with a relatively low hop flavour, with a mild spicy or peppery quality from the hops, increased carbonation and alcohol content.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

===Doppelbock===
''Doppelbock'' or ''Double Bock'' is a stronger version of traditional Bock that was first brewed in Munich by the Paulaner Friars, a Franciscan order founded by [[Francis of Paola|St. Francis of Paula]].<ref name="GBI" />

Historically, Doppelbock was high in alcohol and sweetness. The story is told that it served as "liquid bread" for the Friars during times of fasting when solid food was not permitted. In 2011, journalist J. Wilson proved this was at least ''possible'' by consuming only doppelbock and water for the 46 days of Lent.<ref name="ES1">{{cite web |last=Shatkin |first=Elina |date=2011-04-20 |title=The Man Who Drank Only Beer, Part 1: Interview with a Part-Time Monk |url=https://www.laweekly.com/the-man-who-drank-only-beer-part-1-interview-with-a-part-time-monk/ |work=LA Weekly |access-date=2025-04-28}}</ref><ref name="ES2">{{cite web |last=Shatkin |first=Elina |date=2011-04-21 |title=The Man Who Drank Only Beer, Part 2: Interview with a Part-Time Monk |url=https://www.laweekly.com/the-man-who-drank-only-beer-part-2-interview-with-a-part-time-monk/ |work=LA Weekly |access-date=2025-04-28}}</ref> However, historian Mark Dredge, in his book ''A Brief History of Lager'', says that this story is myth and that the monks produced Doppelbock to supplement their order's vegetarian diet all year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dredge |first=Mark |title=A Brief History of Lager: 500 Years of the World's Favourite Beer |date=2019 |publisher=Kyle Books |isbn=978-0857835239}}</ref>

Today, Doppelbock is still strong{{snd}}ranging from 7% to 12% or more by volume. It is clear, with colour ranging from dark gold, for the paler version, to dark brown with ruby highlights for a darker version. It has a large, creamy, persistent head (although head retention may be impaired by alcohol in the stronger versions). The aroma is intensely malty, with some toasty notes, and possibly some alcohol presence as well; darker versions may have a chocolate-like or fruity aroma. The flavour is very rich and malty, with noticeable alcoholic strength, and little or no detectable hops (16–26 IBUs).<ref name="BA" /> Paler versions may have a drier finish. 

The monks who originally brewed Doppelbock named their beer "Sankt-vater-bier" ("Blessed Father beer"). This was eventually shortened to "Salvator" (literally "Savior"), which today is trademarked by [[Paulaner]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Allworth |first=Jeff |date=2016-05-01 |title=Ayinger Celebrator: Rich, Warming and Hopeful |url=https://allaboutbeer.com/article/ayinger-celebrator/ |magazine=[[All About Beer]] |access-date=2025-04-28}}</ref><ref name="GBI" />

Brewers of modern Doppelbock often add "[[wikt:-ator|-ator]]" to their beer's name as a signpost of the style; there are 200 "-ator" Doppelbock names registered with the German patent office.<ref name="GBI" />

The following are representative examples of the style: [[Paulaner]] Salvator, [[Ayinger]] Celebrator, [[Weihenstephaner]] Korbinian, [[Andechser]] Doppelbock Dunkel, [[Spaten]] Optimator, [[Augustiner Brau]] Maximator, Tucher Bajuvator, Weltenburger Kloster Asam-Bock, [[Capital Brewery|Capital]] Autumnal Fire, EKU 28, [[Eggenberg Castle, Vorchdorf|Eggenberg]] Urbock 23º, [[Bell's brewery|Bell's]] Consecrator, [[Birra Moretti|Moretti]] La Rossa, [[Samuel Adams (beer)|Samuel Adams]] Double Bock, [[Tröegs Brewing Company|Tröegs]] Tröegenator Double Bock, Wasatch Brewery Devastator, [[Great Lakes Brewing Company|Great Lakes]] Doppelrock, [[Abita Brewing Company|Abita]] Andygator, Wolverine State Brewing Company Predator, Burly Brewing's Burlynator, Monteith's Doppel Bock, and Christian Moerlein Emancipator Doppelbock.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

===Eisbock===
[[File:Aventinus Weizen-Eisbock.jpg|thumb|Eisbock beer, made by [[fractional freezing|removing ice]] from partially frozen barrels of beer to produce a higher alcohol content]]

Eisbock is a traditional specialty beer of the [[Kulmbach (district)|Kulmbach district]] of Bavaria,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-31 |title=Eisbock: The Legendary Beer Style Discovered By Accident |url=https://learn.kegerator.com/eisbock/ |access-date=2021-06-27 |website=Kegerator.com |language=en-US}}</ref> made by [[Fractional freezing|partially freezing]] a Doppelbock and removing the water ice to concentrate the flavour and alcohol content, which ranges from 8.6% to 14.3% by volume.<ref name="BA" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fedora |first1=Brooke |title=The Foodie's Beer Book: The Art of Pairing and Cooking with Beer for Any Occasion |last2=Fedora |first2=Luther |date=5 August 2014 |publisher=Simon & Suchster |isbn=9781628736823}}</ref>

It is clear, with a colour ranging from deep copper to dark brown in colour, often with ruby highlights. Although it can pour with a thin off-white head, head retention is frequently impaired by the higher alcohol content. The aroma is intense, with no hop presence, but frequently can contain fruity notes, especially of prunes, raisins, and plums.<ref name="BA" /> Mouthfeel is full and smooth, with significant alcohol, although this should not be hot or sharp. The flavour is rich and sweet, often with toasty notes, and sometimes hints of chocolate, always balanced by a significant alcohol presence.<ref name="BA" />

The following are representative examples of the style: Colorado Team Brew "Warning Sign", Kulmbacher Reichelbräu Eisbock, [[Schloss Eggenberg|Eggenberg]], [[G. Schneider & Sohn|Schneider]] [[Aventinus (beer)|Aventinus]] Eisbock, Urbock Dunkel Eisbock, [[Franconia Brewing Company]] Ice Bock 17%.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

The strongest ice beer, Strength in Numbers, was a one-time collaboration in 2020 between [[Schorschbrau]] of Germany and [[BrewDog]] of Scotland, who had competed with each other in the early years of the 21st century to produce the world's strongest beer. ''Strength in Numbers'' was created using traditional ice distillation, reaching a final strength of 57.8% ABV.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pomranz |first=Mike |date=2020-09-18 |title=This 'World's Strongest Beer' Is a Collaboration Between Two Rival Breweries |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/news/worlds-strongest-beer-strength-in-number-brewdog-schorschbrau |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=[[Food & Wine]]}}</ref>

===Weizenbock===
{{further|Wheat beer#Weizenbier}}

Weizenbock is a style that replaces some of the barley in the grain bill with 40–60% wheat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Classic Weizenbock Recipe |url=https://beerandbrewing.com/classic-weizenbock-recipe/ |access-date=2021-06-27 |website=Craft Beer & Brewing |language=en}}</ref> It was first produced in Bavaria in 1907 by [[G.&nbsp;Schneider & Sohn]] and was named ''[[Aventinus (beer)|Aventinus]]'' after 16th-century Bavarian historian [[Johannes Aventinus]]. The style combines darker Munich malts and top-fermenting wheat beer yeast, brewed at the strength of a Doppelbock.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Klemp |first=K. Florian |date=2014-03-01 |title=Understanding the Weizenbock Style |url=http://allaboutbeer.com/article/weizenbock-2/ |magazine=[[All About Beer]] |access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
{{Americana Poster|year=1920|Bock Beer}}
* [http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-000757.html Description of German Lenten Beer History]

{{Beer Styles}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beer, Bock}}
[[Category:German beer styles]]