Editing Bob Fosse

{{short description|American choreographer, dancer, and director (1927– 1987)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name                      = Bob Fosse
| image                     = Bob Fosse 1963 (cropped).jpg
| caption                   = Fosse in ''[[Pal Joey (musical)|Pal Joey]]'' (1963)
| birth_name                = Robert Louis Fosse
| birth_date                = {{birth date|1927|6|23}}
| birth_place               = Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
| death_date                = {{death date and age|1987|9|23|1927|6|23}}
| death_place               = Washington, D.C., U.S.
| occupation                = {{hlist|Choreographer|dancer|director}}
| years_active              = 1947–1987
| spouse                    = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Mary Ann Niles|1947|1951|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Joan McCracken]]|1952|1959|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Gwen Verdon]]|1960}}
}}
| partner                   = [[Ann Reinking]] (1972–1978)
| children                  = [[Nicole Fosse]]
}}

'''Robert Louis Fosse''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɒ|s|i}}; June 23, 1927 – September 23, 1987) was an American choreographer, dancer, filmmaker, and stage director. Known for his work on stage and screen, he is arguably the most influential figure in the field of [[jazz dance]] in the twentieth century.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.masterworksbroadway.com/artist/bob-fosse/|title= Bob Fosse|website= MasterWorks Broadway|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref> He received [[List of awards and nominations received by Bob Fosse|numerous accolades]] including an [[Academy Award]], a [[BAFTA Award]], three [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], nine [[Tony Awards]], and the [[Palme d'Or]]. 

Fosse started his career acting in the musical productions of ''[[Call Me Mister]]'' (1947), ''[[Billion Dollar Baby]]'' (1951), and ''[[Pal Joey (musical)|Pal Joey]]'' (1952). He transitioned into directing and choreographing musical works, winning [[Tony Awards]] for [[Tony Award for Best Choreography|choreographing]] ''[[The Pajama Game]]'' (1954), ''[[Damn Yankees]]'' (1955), ''[[Redhead (musical)|Redhead]]'' (1959), ''[[Little Me (musical)|Little Me]]'' (1963), ''[[Sweet Charity]]'' (1966), ''[[Pippin (musical)|Pippin]]'' (1972), ''[[Dancin']]'' (1978), and ''[[Big Deal (musical)|Big Deal]]'' (1986), as well as for [[Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical|directing]] ''Pippin''. He also worked on ''[[Bells Are Ringing (musical)|Bells Are Ringing]]'' (1956), ''[[New Girl in Town]]'' (1958), ''[[How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (musical)|How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying]]'' (1961), and ''[[Chicago (musical)|Chicago]]'' (1975). 

On film, he played Hortensio in the [[MGM]] musical ''[[Kiss Me, Kate]]'' (1953) and had his directorial debut with the musical ''[[Sweet Charity (film)|Sweet Charity]]'' (1969).  He won the [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for the musical drama ''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]'' (1972). He was Oscar-nominated for directing the dramas ''[[Lenny (film)|Lenny]]'' (1974) and ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), the latter of which won the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]]. He is also known for directing the concert film ''[[Liza with a Z]]'' (1972), which earned him the [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special]], and his final film ''[[Star 80]]'' (1983).

Fosse forged an uncompromising modern style, characterized by [[finger-snapping]], tilted [[bowler hat]]s, [[fishnet stockings]], splayed gloved fingers, turned-in knees and toes, shoulder rolls and [[jazz hands]]. Fosse's third wife was the actor–dancer [[Gwen Verdon]], with whom he collaborated on a number of theater and film projects.

== Early life ==
Fosse was born in [[Uptown, Chicago]], [[Illinois]], on June 23, 1927, to a Norwegian-American father, Cyril Kingsley Fosse, a traveling salesman for [[The Hershey Company|Hershey]],{{sfn|Gottfried|2003|page=11}} and an Irish-American mother, Sarah Alice "Sadie" ({{nee}} Stanton) Fosse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Michael |date=2013-10-25 |title=Bob Fosse's Chicago story, long before 'Chicago' |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2013/10/25/bob-fosses-chicago-story-long-before-chicago/ |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |language=en-US}}</ref> He was the fifth of six children.<ref name=obit /><ref>{{cite news |title=Hardcover in Brief |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1159456.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102140608/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1159456.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 2, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 18, 1990 |access-date=2008-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jiHFQUjyX78C&q=%22Cyril+Kingsley+Fosse%22 |title=American National Biography |isbn=9780195127874 |last1=Garraty |first1=John Arthur |last2=Carnes |first2=Mark C. |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>

He was drawn to dance and took lessons. When he was 13 years old, Fosse performed professionally in Chicago with Charles Grass, as "The Riff Brothers".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Winkler |first=Kevin |date=2018-03-22 |title=Big Deal |journal=Oxford Scholarship Online |volume=1 |isbn=978-0-19-933679-1 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780199336791.001.0001}}</ref> They toured [[vaudeville]] and movie houses in Chicago, as well as [[United Service Organizations|USO]] theaters and Eagles Clubs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Grass |first=Charles |title=Interview by Jenai Cutcher |url=https://www.chicagodancehistory.org/charles-grass?pgid=jcm5i857-1cdb7f1f-e435-4d65-86f4-0c1811dc988f |website=Chicago Dance History Project |access-date=January 31, 2022 |location=Chicago, IL |format=MP4 |date=2015}}</ref> Many of these performances included shows at [[American burlesque|burlesque]] clubs, such as the Silver Cloud and Cave of Winds. Fosse himself is quoted with saying "I was sixteen years old, and I played the whole burlesque wheel." However, many of the women and promoters did not care that Fosse was underage working in adult clubs or that he would be exposed to sexual harassment from the burlesque women. Much of the erotica he saw would inspire his future work. In 1943, at the age of 15, Fosse would come to choreograph his first dance number and earn his first full credit as a choreographer in a film, ''Hold Evry'thing! A Streamlined Extravaganza in Two Parts'', which featured showgirls wearing strapless dresses and performing a fan dance, inspired by his time in burlesque houses.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Wasson |first=Sam |title=Fosse |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/861509029 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |location=Boston, MA |date=2013 |isbn=978-0-547-99922-7 |oclc=861509029}}</ref>

After graduating from [[Amundsen High School]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bob Fosse and Gwen Verdon Collection |work=Guide to the Collection |publisher=United States Library of Congress, Music Division |year=1996 |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/perform/special/fosse.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |quote=Bob Fosse Personal Papers and Career Miscellany: Box 86E Front page of the Amundsen Log, 10/5/44 (Amundsen High School, Chicago), with banner: "Bob Fosse President" |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202175532/http://www.loc.gov/rr/perform/special/fosse.html| archive-date= 2 December 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bob Fosse |work=biographic sketch |publisher=Chicago Public Schools |url=http://www.cpsalumni.org/honor_roll/jan/02/2008/bob-fosse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224002403/http://www.cpsalumni.org/honor_roll/jan/02/2008/bob-fosse |archive-date=24 December 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Gottfried |first=Martin |title=All his jazz: the life & death of Bob Fosse |location=New York City |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=1990 |isbn=0-306-81284-3 |quote=(p. 34) At dance school, he was already a heartthrob ... and it was the same way at Amundsen High ... He seemed to go out with every girl in the class ...}}</ref> in 1945, Fosse was recruited into the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] toward the end of [[World War II]] at [[Naval Station Great Lakes]], where he was sent to be prepared for combat. Fosse petitioned his manager, Frederick Weaver, to advocate on his behalf to his superiors after his own failed attempts to be placed in the [[Special Services (entertainment)|Special Services Entertainment Division]].<ref name=":0" /> Fosse was soon placed in the variety show ''Tough Situation'', which toured military and naval bases in the [[Pacific Ocean]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}

== Career ==
=== 1947–1953: Contract with MGM ===
After his discharge, Fosse moved to New York City in 1947 with the ambition of being the new [[Fred Astaire]]. He began to study acting at the American Theatre Wing, where he met his first wife and dance partner, Mary Ann Niles (1923–1987).<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Bob Fosse {{!}} Biography, Style, Musicals, Movies, Awards, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bob-Fosse |access-date=2021-11-16 |website=britannica.com}}</ref> His first stage role was in ''[[Call Me Mister]]'', along with Niles.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/fosse0000wass |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/fosse0000wass/page/44 44] |title=Fosse |last=Wasson |first=Sam |date=2013 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-547-55329-0}}</ref>  In 1948, [[Tony Charmoli]] danced in ''[[Make Mine Manhattan]]'', but gave the part to Fosse when the show toured nationally. Charmoli also found Fosse work as a dancer on the TV shows he was working on when Fosse returned from the tour.<ref name="HollywoodR">{{cite news |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tony-charmoli-dead-emmy-winning-choreographer-mitzi-gaynor-shirley-maclaine-was-99-1306721 |title=Tony Charmoli, Emmy-Winning Choreographer for Mitzi Gaynor and Shirley MacLaine, Dies at 99 |last=Barnes |first=Mike |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=2020-08-10 |access-date=2020-08-11}}</ref>

Fosse and Niles were regular performers on ''[[Your Hit Parade]]'' in its 1950–1951 season. [[Dean Martin]] and [[Jerry Lewis]] saw their act in New York's [[The Pierre|Pierre Hotel]] and scheduled the couple to appear on ''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]'' in 1951.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Colgate Comedy Hour |website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0785142/ |access-date=August 3, 2023}}</ref>

Fosse was signed to an [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] contract in 1953.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-24-mn-10106-story.html |title=Choreographer and Director Bob Fosse Dies |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> His early screen appearances as a dancer included ''[[Give a Girl a Break]]'', ''[[The Affairs of Dobie Gillis]]'' and ''[[Kiss Me Kate (film)|Kiss Me Kate]]'', all released in 1953. Fosse's choreography of a short dance sequence in ''[[Kiss Me Kate (film)|Kiss Me Kate]]'' and dance with [[Carol Haney]] brought him to the attention of Broadway producers.<ref name=pbs1>[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/bob-fosse/ "Bob Fosse Biography"] [[PBS]]; accessed January 27, 2010</ref> In ''Kiss Me Kate'', Fosse starred alongside [[Howard Keel]], [[Kathryn Grayson]], and [[Ann Miller]]. Fosse played Hortensio within ''The Taming of the Shrew'' dance sequences.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.academymuseum.org/en/programs/detail/kiss-me-kate-01843a3d-9a6e-9ca8-8f36-f3ebdec14698|title= Kiss Me Kate|website= Academy Museum|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>

=== 1954–1958: Work as a choreographer ===
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, Fosse transitioned from film to [[Broadway theatre|theatre]].  Fosse told an interviewer, "Jerry [<nowiki/>[[Jerome Robbins]]] started me doing choreography. He gave me my first job as a choreographer [Pajama Game] and I'm grateful for that."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYSrYjUOCek |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211104/FYSrYjUOCek |archive-date=2021-11-04 |url-status=live |title=Showbiz Today Jerry Lewis Roasted |date=1986 |publisher=givethechanceakid}}{{cbignore}}</ref> 

In 1954, Fosse choreographed his first musical, ''[[The Pajama Game]]'', followed by ''[[My Sister Eileen (1955 film)|My Sister Eileen]]'' and [[George Abbott]]'s ''[[Damn Yankees]]'' in 1955. It was while working on ''[[Damn Yankees]]'' that he first met rising star [[Gwen Verdon]], whom he married in 1960. For her work in ''Damn Yankees,'' Verdon won her first [[Tony Award]] for Best Actress in a Musical in 1956.<ref name="gwen">[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/gwen-verdon-68959/#awards "Gwen Verdon Awards"], ibdb.com. Retrieved April 27, 2019.</ref> She had previously won a Tony for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical for ''[[Can-Can (musical)|Can-Can]]'' (1954). In 1957, Fosse choreographed ''[[New Girl in Town]]'', also directed by Abbott, and Verdon won her second Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1958.<ref name="gwen" />

In 1957, Fosse choreographed the film version of ''[[The Pajama Game (film)|The Pajama Game]]'' starring [[Doris Day]]. The next year, Fosse appeared in and choreographed the film version of ''[[Damn Yankees]],'' in which Verdon reprised her stage triumph as the character Lola. Fosse and Verdon were partners in the mambo number "Who's Got the Pain".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://variety.com/2019/vintage/features/bob-fosse-gwen-verdon-1203185015/|title= Looking Back at the 'Fosse/Verdon' Dancing Legends That Inspired FX Series|website= Variety|date= April 12, 2019|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref> In 1959, Fosse directed and choreographed the musical ''[[Redhead (musical)|Redhead]]''.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/shows/fosse/multimedia/redhead.html 'Redhead'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108143537/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/shows/fosse/multimedia/redhead.html |date=November 8, 2012 }} PBS, accessed January 27, 2010</ref> For his work on ''Redhead,'' Fosse won the Tony Award for Best Choreography while Verdon won her third Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. ''Redhead'' won the Tony Award for best musical.<ref>[http://www.playbillvault.com/Show/Detail/3113/Redhead "'Redhead' Broadway"] ''[[Playbill]]'', accessed January 12, 2016</ref> Fosse's next feature was supposed to be the musical ''[[The Conquering Hero]]'' based on a book by [[Larry Gelbart]], but he was replaced as director/choreographer.

In 1961, Fosse choreographed the satirical Broadway musical ''[[How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (musical)|How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying]]'' starring [[Robert Morse]]. The story revolves around an ambitious man, J. Pierrepont Finch (Morse), who, with the help of the book ''How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying,'' rises from window washer to chairman of the board of the World Wide Wicket Company. The musical was an instant hit.<ref name=gottfried /><ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/shows/fosse/multimedia/business2.html "That's Dancin: Fosse on Broadway, How To Succeed in Business Without Really Trying"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524150947/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/gperf/shows/fosse/multimedia/business2.html |date=May 24, 2013}} PBS.</ref> In 1963, Fosse was nominated for two Tony Awards for Best Choreography and Best Direction of a Musical for the musical [[Little Me (musical)|''Little Me'']], winning the former.<ref name=":1" /> He choreographed and directed Verdon in ''[[Sweet Charity]]'' in 1966.<ref>[http://www.playbillvault.com/Show/Detail/9184/Sweet-Charity "'Sweet Charity' Broadway"]. ''Playbill'', accessed January 12, 2016</ref>

=== 1969–1979: Transition as a film director ===
Fosse directed five feature films. His first, ''[[Sweet Charity (film)|Sweet Charity]]'' (1969) starring [[Shirley MacLaine]], is an adaptation of the Broadway musical he had directed and choreographed. In 1972, Fosse directed his second theatrical film, ''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]'', starring [[Liza Minnelli]], [[Michael York]] and [[Joel Grey]]. The film is based on the [[Cabaret (musical)|1966 musical of the same name]]. In the traditional manner of musical theater, called an "integrated musical", every significant character in the stage version sings to express his or her own emotion and to advance the plot. In the film version, the musical numbers are entirely [[Diegetic music|diegetic]]. The film focuses on a romance between Sally Bowles (Minnelli), who performs at the Kit Kat Klub, and a young British idealist, Brian Roberts, played by York. The story is set during the final decline of [[Weimar Germany]]. The film was an immediate success among audiences and critics alike. The film won eight [[Academy Awards]], including Best Director. [[Liza Minnelli]] and [[Joel Grey]] both won Oscars for their roles in ''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]''.<ref>[https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/21780/cabaret#awards "'Cabaret' Awards"] Turner Classic Movies, accessed April 20, 2016.</ref> That same year they collaborated on the [[concert film]] ''[[Liza with a Z]]'', earning Fosse an [[Emmy Awards|Emmy Award]] for both direction and choreography.<ref name=":1" />

In 1973, Fosse's work on ''[[Pippin (musical)|Pippin]]'' won him the [[Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical]].<ref>[http://www.playbillvault.com/Show/Detail/6044/Pippin "'Pippin' Broadway"] ''Playbill''. Accessed January 12, 2016.</ref> He was director and choreographer of ''[[Chicago (musical)|Chicago]]'' in 1975, which also starred Verdon.<ref>[http://www.playbillvault.com/Show/Detail/3096/Chicago "'Chicago' Broadway"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220110112/http://www.playbillvault.com/Show/Detail/3096/Chicago |date=December 20, 2015}} ''Playbill''. Accessed January 12, 2016.</ref> In 1974, Fosse directed ''[[Lenny (film)|Lenny]]'', a biographical film about the controversial standup comedian [[Lenny Bruce]] portrayed by [[Dustin Hoffman]]. Fosse was again nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], Hoffman also received a nomination for Best Actor.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1975|title= The 47th Academy Awards|website= Oscars.org|date= October 6, 2014|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>  Fosse performed a song and dance in [[Stanley Donen]]'s 1974 film version of [[The Little Prince (1974 film)|''The Little Prince'']]. According to ''AllMusic'', "Bob Fosse stops the show with a slithery dance routine."{{cn|date=December 2024}} In 1977, Fosse had a small role in the romantic comedy ''[[Thieves (1977 film)|Thieves]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Eder|first=Richard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE5D81539E334BC4A52DFB466838C669EDE|title=Movie Review. 'Thieves'|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 12, 1977|archive-date=August 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821235746/https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE5D81539E334BC4A52DFB466838C669EDE}}</ref>

In 1979, Fosse co-wrote and directed a semi-autobiographical film ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' (1979), starring [[Roy Scheider]], which portrayed the life of a womanizing, drug-addicted choreographer and director in the midst of triumph and failure. [[Ann Reinking]] appears in the film as the protagonist's lover, protégée and domestic partner. ''All That Jazz'' won four [[Academy Awards]], earning Fosse his third Oscar nomination for Best Director.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1980|title= The 52nd Academy Awards|website= Oscars.org|date= March 2022|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref> It also won the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[1980 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.vogue.com/article/palme-dor-winning-films-to-rewatch-before-cannes|title= From Parasite to Anatomy of a Fall: 13 Palme d'Or-Winning Films to Rewatch Now|website= Vogue|date= June 16, 2021|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref> [[Vincent Canby]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' described the film as "Mr. Fosse's answer to ''[[8½]]'' in which [[Federico Fellini]] wittily examined his own life at a point when he feared his creativity was at an end".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/20/archives/the-screen-roy-scheider-stars-in-all-that-jazzpeter-pan-syndrome.html|title= The Screen: Roy Scheider Stars in 'All That Jazz':Peter Pan Syndrome|website= [[The New York Times]]|date= December 20, 1979|accessdate= May 20, 2024|last1= Canby|first1= Vincent}}</ref>

=== 1980–1986: Final works ===
Fosse's final film, ''[[Star 80]]'' (1983), was a biographical movie about [[Dorothy Stratten]], a ''[[Playboy]]'' [[Playboy Playmate|Playmate]] who was murdered. The film is based on a [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning article. The film was screened out of competition at the [[34th Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref name="Berlinale">{{cite web| url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1984/02_programm_1984/02_Programm_1984.html| title=Berlinale: 1984 Programme| access-date=2011-01-06| work=berlinale.de}}</ref> Critic [[Roger Ebert]] in his four star review of the film, wrote, "Although his Broadway musicals have been upbeat entertainments, he seems to see the movie camera as a device for peering into our shames and secrets...This is an important movie. Devastating, violent, hopeless, and important, because it holds a mirror up to a part of the world we live in, and helps us see it more clearly."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/star-80-1983|title= Star 80|website= Rogerebert.com|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>

In 1986, Fosse wrote, choreographed and directed the Broadway production of ''[[Big Deal (musical)|Big Deal]]'', which was nominated for five Tony awards, winning for [[Tony Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]], as well as five more for the revival of ''[[Sweet Charity]]'' at the nearby [[Minskoff Theater]], winning a [[Tony Award for Best Revival]].<ref name=":0" /> Fosse began work on a film about gossip columnist [[Walter Winchell]] that would have starred [[Robert De Niro]] as Winchell. The ''Winchell'' script was written by [[Michael Herr]]. Fosse died before starting the Winchell project.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/28/arts/all-singing-all-dancing-all-gotham.html|title= All Singing! All Dancing! All Gotham!|website= The New York Times|date= May 28, 1999|accessdate= May 20, 2024|last1= Douglas|first1= Ann}}</ref>

== Innovations ==
Notable distinctions of Fosse's style included the use of turned-in knees, the "Fosse Amoeba", sideways shuffling, rolled shoulders and [[jazz hands]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Cutcher| first=Jenai| date=May 1, 2005| title=Bob Fosse| publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group| isbn=978-1-4042-0640-3| pages= 21, 27| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7U4AjAK4hZcC}}</ref> With Astaire as an influence, Fosse used props such as bowler hats, canes and chairs. His trademark use of hats was influenced by his own self-consciousness, according to Martin Gottfried in his biography of Fosse, "His baldness was the reason that he wore hats, and was doubtless why he put hats on his dancers."<ref name=gottfried>{{cite book |last=Gottfried |first=Martin |title=All His Jazz: The Life and Death of Bob Fosse |pages=49, 65, 81, 85, 104, 116, 124–125, 130, 139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3miug24d_oC |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-306-81284-2}}</ref> Fosse used gloves in his performances because he did not like his hands. Some of his most popular numbers include "Steam Heat" (''[[The Pajama Game]]'') and "Big Spender" (''[[Sweet Charity]]''). The "Rich Man's Frug" scene (starring a young [[Ben Vereen]]) in ''Sweet Charity'' is another example of his signature style.

For ''Damn Yankees'', Fosse was inspired by the "father of theatrical jazz dance", [[Jack Cole (choreographer)|Jack Cole]].<ref name=gottfried /> In 1957, Verdon and Fosse studied with [[Sanford Meisner]] to develop a better acting technique. According to Michael Joosten, Fosse once said: "The time to sing is when your emotional level is too high to just speak anymore, and the time to dance is when your emotions are just too strong to only sing about how you 'feel.'"<ref>{{Cite book| last=Joosten| first=Michael| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gumx-mkjp4QC&q=%22the%20time%20to%20dance%22%20%22Bob%20Fosse%22&pg=PA4| title=Dance and Choreography| date=September 4, 2009| publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group| isbn=978-1-4358-5261-7| page=4| access-date=2017-09-21}}</ref>

In ''[[Redhead (musical)|Redhead]]'', Fosse used one of the first ballet sequences in a show that contained five different styles of dance: Fosse's jazz, a [[cancan]], a gypsy dance, a [[March (music)|march]] and an old-fashioned English music hall number. During ''[[Pippin (musical)|Pippin]]'', Fosse made the first television commercial for a Broadway show.<ref name=pbs1 />

== Personal life ==
=== Marriage and relationships ===
[[File:Gwen Verdon 1954.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Fosse married and collaborated with dancer [[Gwen Verdon]].]]
Fosse married dance partner Mary Ann Niles (1923–1987) on May 3, 1947, in Detroit.<ref>Michigan, Marriage Records, 1867–1952</ref> In 1952, a year after he divorced Niles, he married dancer [[Joan McCracken]] in New York City;<ref>New York City, Marriage Indexes, 1907–1995</ref> they divorced in 1959.<ref>Sagolla, Lisa Jo. ''The girl who fell down: a biography of [[Joan McCracken]]'' (2003), UPNE; {{ISBN|1-55553-573-9}}, p. 204: "They were wed in a simple civil ceremony by New York's deputy chief clerk at 3:30 pm on December 30, 1952."</ref>

His third wife was dancer and actress [[Gwen Verdon]], whom he met choreographing ''[[Damn Yankees]]'', in which she starred.<ref>[[Fosse/Verdon]], Episode 2 "Who's Got the Pain?"</ref> In 1963, they had a daughter, [[Nicole Fosse]], who later became a dancer and actress. Fosse's extramarital affairs put a strain on the marriage and by 1971 they were separated, although they remained legally married until his death in 1987. Verdon never re-partnered.<ref name=gottfried /><ref>{{cite news |last=Berkvist |first=Robert |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/19/theater/gwen-verdon-redhead-who-high-kicked-her-way-to-stardom-dies-at-75.html |title=Gwen Verdon, Redhead Who High-Kicked Her Way to Stardom, Dies at 75 |work=The New York Times |date=October 19, 2000 |access-date=August 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Pacheo |first=Patrick |url=https://ew.com/article/2000/11/03/remembering-gwen-verdon/ |title=Remembering Gwen Verdon&nbsp;– Bob Fosse's inspiration was perhaps Broadway's greatest dancer |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=November 3, 2000 |access-date=August 8, 2009 |archive-date=December 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215182022/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,278295,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> During their joint career, Fosse would continually take blame from critics while Gwen Verdon would get praise, no matter how much influence Verdon had on a production. However, Verdon always looked out for him and the Fosse family image, hosting grandiose cast parties and being Fosse's personal press secretary throughout their marriage.<ref name=":0" />

Fosse met dancer [[Ann Reinking]] during the run of ''Pippin'' in 1972. According to Reinking, their romantic relationship ended "toward the end of the run of ''Dancin{{'}}''" (1978).<ref>Pacheco, Patrick. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131221215836/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/may/03/entertainment/ca-45702/3 "Every Step She Takes"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', May 3, 1998</ref> Reinking acted in his musical drama film ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'', which was loosely based on Fosse's life.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/ann-reinking-tony-winning-chicago-and-all-that-jazz-star-dies-at-71-4105083/|title= Ann Reinking, Tony-Winning 'Chicago' and 'All That Jazz' Star, Dies at 71|website= The Hollywood Reporter|date= December 15, 2020|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>

=== Illness and substance abuse ===
In 1961, Fosse's [[epilepsy]] was revealed when he had a seizure onstage during rehearsals for ''The Conquering Hero''.<ref name="gottfried" />
Fosse's time outside of the rehearsal studio or theater was seldom spent alone. As stated in the biography ''Fosse'' by [[Sam Wasson]], "nights alone were murder on Fosse". To alleviate loneliness and insomnia brought on by his prescribed amphetamines, Fosse would often contact dancers he would work with and try to date them, making it hard for many to refuse his advances, but also giving him the affirmation of success he sought.<ref name=":0" />

=== Death ===
Fosse died of a heart attack on September 23, 1987, at [[George Washington University Hospital]] while the revival of ''Sweet Charity'' was opening at the nearby [[National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)|National Theatre]].<ref name=obit>{{cite news |last=McQuiston |first=John T. |title=Bob Fosse, Director and Choreographer, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/24/obituaries/bob-fosse-director-and-choreographer-dies-a-veteran-at-13.html |quote=Robert Louis Fosse was born in Chicago on June 23, 1927, the son of a vaudeville entertainer. He began performing on the vaudeville circuit as a child, and by the age of 13 he was a seasoned veteran of many burlesque shows.&nbsp;... |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 24, 1987}}</ref> He had collapsed in Verdon's arms near the Willard Hotel.<ref>Hall, Charles and Stevenson, Douglas. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/09/24/bob-fosse-dies-after-collapsing-on-dc-street/85aaf6d6-e440-402e-b74e-7bd290ce10d3/ "Bob Fosse Dies After Collapsing on D.C. Street"] ''The Washington Post'', September 24, 1987</ref> As he had requested, Verdon and Nicole Fosse scattered his ashes in the Atlantic Ocean off [[Quogue, New York|Quogue, Long Island]], where Fosse had been living with his girlfriend of four years.{{sfn|Gottfried|2003|pages=449–450}} A month after his death, Verdon fulfilled Fosse's request for his friends to "go out and have dinner on me" by hosting a star-studded, celebrity-filled evening at [[Tavern on the Green]] with Verdon, Reinking, [[Jessica Lange]], [[Roy Scheider]], [[Ben Vereen]], and [[E. L. Doctorow]] attending.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barron |first=James |date=1987-12-20 |title=FOLLOW-UP ON THE NEWS; Fosse's Present Is Show-Stopper |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/20/nyregion/follow-up-on-the-news-fosse-s-present-is-show-stopper.html |access-date=2021-04-30 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== Stage credits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! scope="col" | Title
!Director
!Choreographer
!Performer
! class="unsortable" | Venue
!Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 1947 || ''[[Call Me Mister]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}|| U.S. tour 
|Role; as chorus member||
|-
| 1948 || ''Make Mine Manhattan'' 
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}|| U.S. tour 
|Role; as ensemble member||
|-
| 1950 || ''Dance Me a Song'' 
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}|| [[Royale Theatre]], Broadway 
|Role; as dancer|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/dance-me-a-song-1855|title = Dance Me a Song – Broadway Musical – Original &#124; IBDB}}</ref>
|-
| 1951 || ''[[Billion Dollar Baby]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}|| [[Neil Simon Theatre|Alvin Theatre]], Broadway 
|Role; as Champ Watson|| <ref>[http://www.ibdb.com/person.php?id=77374 IBDb profile: Max Goberman]; accessed November 21, 2017.</ref>
|-
| 1952 || ''[[Pal Joey (musical)|Pal Joey]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}|| rowspan="2" |[[Broadhurst Theatre]], Broadway 
|Role; as Joey Evans (understudy)|| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/pal-joey-broadhurst-theatre-vault-0000002084|title= Pal Joey (Broadway, 1952)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1954 || ''[[The Pajama Game]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/the-pajama-game-st-james-theatre-vault-0000004209|title= The Pajama Game (Broadway, 1954)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1955 || ''[[Damn Yankees]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Adelphi Theatre (New York City)|Adelphi Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/damn-yankees-46th-street-theatre-vault-0000003118|title= Damn Yankees (Broadway, 1955)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1956 || ''[[Bells Are Ringing (musical)|Bells Are Ringing]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Neil Simon Theatre|Alvin Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/bells-are-ringing-shubert-theatre-vault-0000010496|title= Bells Are Ringing (Broadway, 1956)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1958 || ''[[New Girl in Town]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| rowspan="2" |[[Richard Rodgers Theatre|46th Street Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/new-girl-in-town-46th-street-theatre-vault-0000003117|title= New Girl in Town (Broadway, 1958)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1959 || ''[[Redhead (musical)|Redhead]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/redhead-46th-street-theatre-vault-0000003113|title= Redhead (Broadway, 1959)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1961 || ''[[The Conquering Hero]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[ANTA Washington Square Theatre|ANTA Theatre]], Broadway 
|Uncredited|| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/the-conquering-hero-anta-playhouse-vault-0000005314|title= The Conquering Hero (Broadway, 1961)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1961 || ''[[How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (musical)|How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying]]'' 
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Richard Rodgers Theatre|46th Street Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/how-to-succeed-in-business-without-really-trying-46th-street-theatre-vault-0000003108|title= How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (Broadway, 1961)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1962 || ''[[Little Me (musical)|Little Me]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Lunt-Fontanne Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/little-me-lunt-fontanne-theatre-vault-0000005081|title= Little Me (Broadway, 1962)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1963 || ''Pal Joey''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}|| [[New York City Center]], Broadway 
|Role; as Joey Evans|| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/pal-joey-city-center-vault-0000013126|title= Pal Joey (Broadway, 1963)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Pleasures and Palaces]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Fisher Building|Fisher Theatre]], Detroit 
| || <ref>Suskin, Steven. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zza7hb5iF7EC&q=%22Pleasures+and+Palaces%22 "Frank Loesser"] ''Show Tunes : The Songs, Shows, and Careers of Broadway's Major Composers'' (2010), (books.google.com), Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-988615-6}}, p.242</ref>
|-
| 1966 || ''[[Sweet Charity]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Palace Theatre (New York City)|Palace Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/productions/sweet-charity-palace-theatre-vault-0000009184|title= Sweet Charity (Broadway, 1966)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Pippin (musical)|Pippin]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Imperial Theatre]], Broadway 
|Also book writer|| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/pippin-imperial-theatre-vault-0000006044|title= Pippin (Broadway, 1972)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Liza with a Z|Liza]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Winter Garden Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{Cite web| title=''Liza with a 'Z'' | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0256153 | work=The Internet Movie Database | year=2008 | access-date=2009-01-22}}</ref>
|-
| 1975 || ''[[Chicago (musical)|Chicago]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Richard Rodgers Theatre|46th Street Theatre]], Broadway 
|Also book writer|| <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/chicago-46th-street-theatre-vault-0000003096|title= Chicago (Broadway, 1975)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1978 || ''[[Dancin']]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Ambassador Theatre (New York City)|Ambassador Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/dancin-broadhurst-theatre-vault-0000002019|title= Dancin' (Broadway, 1978)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Big Deal (musical)|Big Deal]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Broadway Theatre (53rd Street)|Broadway Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/big-deal-broadway-theatre-vault-0000012259|title= Big Deal (Broadway, 1986)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Sweet Charity]]'' 
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}|| [[Minskoff Theatre]], Broadway 
| || <ref>{{cite web|url= https://playbill.com/production/sweet-charity-minskoff-theatre-vault-0000002342|title= Sweet Charity (Broadway, 1986)|website= Playbill|accessdate= May 20, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Filmography ==

=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Writer
! scope="col" | Choreographer
! scope="col" | Actor
!Notes
! class=unsortable|Ref.
|-
| 1953 || ''[[The Affairs of Dobie Gillis]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} 
|Role; as Charlie Trask||  <ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title= Bob Fosse - IMDB|url= https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002080/|access-date= May 20, 2024|publisher= [[IMDB]]}}</ref>
|-
| 1953 || ''[[Kiss Me Kate (film)|Kiss Me Kate]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} 
|Role; as Hortensio|| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1953 || ''[[Give a Girl a Break]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} 
|Role; as Bob Dowdy|| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1955 || ''[[My Sister Eileen (1955 film)|My Sister Eileen]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} 
|Role; as Frank Lippincott|| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1957 || ''[[The Pajama Game (film)|The Pajama Game]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} 
| || <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1958 || ''[[Damn Yankees (film)|Damn Yankees]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} 
|Role; as Mambo Dancer (uncredited)|| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Sweet Charity (film)|Sweet Charity]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} 
|[[Directorial Debut]]|| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1972 || ''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} 
| || <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1974 || ''[[The Little Prince (1974 film)|The Little Prince]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} 
|Role; as The Snake|| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1974 || ''[[Lenny (film)|Lenny]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} 
|Role; as The Interviewer (uncredited)|| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1977 || ''[[Thieves (1977 film)|Thieves]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} 
|Role; as Mr. Day|| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1979 || ''[[All That Jazz (film)|All That Jazz]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} 
| || <ref name="imdb" />
|-
| 1983 || ''[[Star 80]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} 
| || <ref name="imdb" />
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! scope="col" | Title
!Director
!Choreographer
!Actor
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|1949-50
|''[[54th Street Revue]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|Role; as dancer
|<ref name="imdb" />
|-
|1950
| ''[[The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
| Role; as himself<br>Episode: "Gracie the Artist"
| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
|1951
|''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|Episodes S1E22 & S1E37
|<ref name="imdb" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1959
|''[[The Dinah Shore Chevy Show]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|Episode S4E1
|<ref name="imdb" />
|-
| ''Startime''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
| Episode: "The Wonderful World of Entertainment"
| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
|1961
|''The Seasons of Youth''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|Television special
|<ref name="imdb" />
|-
|1970
|''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|Episode S23E19
|<ref name="imdb" />
|-
|1972
|''[[Liza with a Z]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|Television special
| <ref name="imdb" />
|-
|1982
|[[Pippin (musical)|''Pippin: His Life and Times'']]
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|Television film
|<ref name="imdb" />
|}

== Awards, honors, and legacy ==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Bob Fosse}}
At the 1973 [[45th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]], Fosse won the [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for ''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]''. That same year he won [[Tony Award]]s for directing and choreographing ''Pippin'' and [[Primetime Emmy Award]]s for producing, choreographing and directing [[Liza Minnelli]]'s television special ''[[Liza with a Z]]''. Fosse was the only person to win all three major industry awards in the same year.

Fosse was inducted into the [[National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame|National Museum of Dance]] in [[Saratoga Springs, New York]], on April 27, 2007. The Los Angeles Dance Awards, founded in 1994, were called the "Fosse Awards", and are now called the [[American Choreography Awards]]. The Bob Fosse–Gwen Verdon Fellowship was established by their daughter, [[Nicole Fosse]], in 2003 at the [[Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater]].

Reinking and Verdon kept Fosse's unique choreography alive after his death. Reinking played the role of Roxie Hart in the New York revival of ''Chicago'', which opened in 1996. She choreographed the dances in Fosse style for that revival. In 1999, Verdon served as artistic consultant on a Broadway musical designed to showcase examples of classic Fosse choreography. Called simply ''[[Fosse (musical)|Fosse]]'', the three-act musical revue was conceived and choreographed by Chet Walker, directed and co-conceived by Richard Maltby, Jr., and co-directed, co-choreographed by co-conceived by Ann Reinking. Verdon and Fosse's daughter, Nicole, received a special thanks credit. The show won a Tony for best musical.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=5798| title=Fosse| publisher=Internet Broadway Database}}</ref>

''[[Fosse/Verdon]]'' is an eight-part American [[miniseries]] starring [[Sam Rockwell]] as Fosse and [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] as Verdon. The series, which tells the story of the couple's troubled personal and professional relationship, is based on the biography ''Fosse'' by [[Sam Wasson]].<ref>[https://www.samwasson.com/ Sam Wasson].</ref> It premiered in eight parts on April 9, 2019, on [[FX (TV channel)|FX]]. At the [[71st Primetime Emmy Awards]], ''Fosse/Verdon'' received seventeen nominations, including [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series|Outstanding Limited Series]] and acting nominations for Rockwell, Williams, and Qualley. Williams won the Emmy for [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie|Outstanding Actress in a Limited Series]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Beddow |first=Margery |title=Bob Fosse's Broadway |publisher=Heinemann |location=Portsmouth, NH |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-435-07002-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Gottfried |first=Martin |title=All His Jazz: The Life and Death of Bob Fosse |url=https://archive.org/details/allhisjazzlifede00gott |publisher=Bantam |year=2003 |orig-year=1990 |isbn=978-0-553-07038-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Grubb |first=Kevin Boyd |title=Razzle Dazzle: The Life and Work of Bob Fosse |url=https://archive.org/details/razzledazzlelife0000grub |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-312-03414-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Wasson |first=Sam |author-link=Sam Wasson |title=Fosse |url=https://archive.org/details/fosse0000wass |url-access=registration |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-547-55329-0}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{AFI person | 22625-Bob-Fosse }}
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{Tcmdb name}}
* {{IMDb name | 2080 }}
* {{playbill person}}
* [http://danceinteractive.jacobspillow.org/dance/ann-reinking-gary-chryst Archival footage of Ann Reinking and Gary Chryst performing in Bob Fosse's ''Big Noise from Winnetka'' in 1987 at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival.]

{{Bob Fosse}}
{{Navboxes
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Bob Fosse|Awards for Bob Fosse]]
|list =
{{Academy Award for Best Director}}
{{BAFTA Award for Best Direction}}
{{Directors Guild of America Award Musical Variety}}
{{DramaDesk Director}}
{{DramaDesk Choreography}}
{{EmmyAward Choreography}}
{{EmmyAward VarietySpecialDirecting}}
{{OlivierAward Choreographer}}
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Director}}
{{TonyAward MusicalDirection}}
{{TonyAward Choreography}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fosse, Bob}}
[[Category:Bob Fosse| ]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American screenwriters]]
[[Category:American choreographers]]
[[Category:American jazz dancers]]
[[Category:American male dancers]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American male musical theatre actors]]
[[Category:American male screenwriters]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Norwegian descent]]
[[Category:Best Directing Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Director BAFTA Award winners]]
[[Category:David di Donatello winners]]
[[Category:Deaths from coronary thrombosis]]
[[Category:Directors of Palme d'Or winners]]
[[Category:Drama Desk Award winners]]
[[Category:Film choreographers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Illinois]]
[[Category:Film directors from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chicago]]
[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players]]
[[Category:Musical theatre choreographers]]
[[Category:People from Quogue, New York]]
[[Category:Primetime Emmy Award winners]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Illinois]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Tony Award winners]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Writers from Chicago]]
[[Category:Amundsen High School alumni]]