Editing Blue Island, Illinois

{{Redirect|Blue Island}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Blue Island, Illinois
| settlement_type = City
| nickname = The City on the Hill
| motto = "Discover Blue Island: The Historic Heart of Chicago Southland"
| website = {{URL|www.blueisland.org}}
| image_skyline = Blue Island Montage.jpg
| image_flag = Flag of Blue Island, Illinois.png
| image_seal = Seal of Blue Island, Illinois.png
| image_blank_emblem = Blue Island Illinois Logo.png
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
| image_map = File:Cook County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Blue Island Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 260px
| map_caption = Location of Blue Island in Cook County, Illinois.
| pushpin_map = USA Illinois#USA
| pushpin_label_position = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of Illinois
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Illinois|Counties]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Civil township|Townships]]
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_name1 = [[Illinois]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bremen Township, Cook County, Illinois|Bremen]], [[Worth Township, Cook County, Illinois|Worth]], [[Thornton Township, Cook County, Illinois|Thornton]]
| government_type = [[Mayor-council government]]
| leader_party = United Blue Island
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Fred Bilotto
| leader_title1 = City Council
| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list
  |title = Aldermen
  |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
  |list_style  = text-align:left
  |1  = 1st Ward
  |2  = Dexter Johnson
  |3  = 2nd Ward
  |4  = Luiz Montoya
  |5  = 3rd Ward
  |6  = Nancy Rita
  |7 = 4th Ward
  |8 = Bill Fahrenwald
  |9 = 5th Ward
  |10 = Gabriel McGee
  |11 = 6th Ward
  |12 = Candace Carr
  |13 = 7th Ward
  |14 = Josh Roll}}
| leader_title2 = [[Illinois House of Representatives|State House]]
| leader_name2 = [[Robert Rita]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title3 = [[Illinois State Senate|State Senate]]
| leader_name3 = [[Emil Jones, Jr.]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title4 = [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House]]
| leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list
  |title = Representatives
  |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
  |list_style  = text-align:left;display
  |1 = 1st District [[Jonathan Jackson (Illinois politician)|Jonathan Jackson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
  |2 = 2nd District [[Robin Kelly]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
  }}
| area_total_sq_mi = 4.16
| area_land_sq_mi = 4.07
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.09
| area_water_percent = 2.16
| area_urban_sq_mi = 
| area_metro_sq_mi = 
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_total = 22558
| population_note = 
| population_urban = 
| population_metro = 
| population_density_sq_mi = 5541.14
| population_density_km2 = 2139.34
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1 = Blue Islander
| timezone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CST]]
| utc_offset = −6
| timezone_DST = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|CDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −5
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code = 60406<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipdatamaps.com/60406|title=Blue Island IL ZIP Code|publisher=zipdatamaps.com|year=2023|access-date=January 26, 2023}}</ref>
| area_codes = [[area codes 708 and 464|708/464]]
| elevation_m = 195
| elevation_ft = 640
| coordinates = {{coord|41|39|26|N|87|40|48|W|region:US-IL|display=inline,title}}
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 17-06704
| established_title = Settled
| established_date = 1835
| established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date2 = October 26, 1872
| footnotes = 
| pop_est_as_of = 
| pop_est_footnotes = 
| population_est = 
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_17.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 15, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 10.77
| area_land_km2 = 10.54
| area_water_km2 = 0.22
| name = 
| population_footnotes = 
}}

'''Blue Island''' is a city in [[Cook County, Illinois]], United States, located approximately {{convert|16|mi|km}} south of [[Chicago Loop|Chicago's Loop]].<ref name=GNIS>{{gnis|404592|Blue island}}</ref> Blue Island is adjacent to the city of [[Chicago]] and shares its northern boundary with that city's [[Morgan Park, Chicago|Morgan Park]] neighborhood. The population was 22,558 at the [[2020 United States census]].

Blue Island was established in the 1830s as a way station for settlers traveling on the [[Buffalo Trace (road)|Vincennes Trace]],<ref>{{cite book |title= Chicago's Highways, Old and New – From Indian Trail to Motor Road |last= Quaife |first= Milo Milton|orig-year= 1923| year=2010 |publisher= D.F. Keller & Co.| location= Chicago| isbn= 978-1-153-36339-6| pages=60, 69–70 }}</ref> and the settlement prospered because it was conveniently situated a [[day's journey]] outside of Chicago. The late-nineteenth-century historian and publisher [[Alfred T. Andreas]] made the following observation regarding the appearance of the young community in ''History of Cook County Illinois'' (1884), "The location of Blue Island Village is a beautiful one. Nowhere about Chicago is there to be found a more pleasant and desirable resident locality."<ref>{{cite book |title= History of Cook County Illinois|url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_V_A1AQAAMAAJ| last= Andreas |first= Alfred T.| author-link=Alfred T. Andreas |year= 1884| publisher= A.T. Andreas| location= Chicago|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_V_A1AQAAMAAJ/page/n613 629] }}</ref>

Since its founding, the city has been an important commercial center in the south Cook County region, although its position in that respect has been eclipsed in recent years as other significant population centers developed around it and the region's commercial resources became spread over a wider area. In addition to its broad long-standing industrial base, the city enjoyed notable growth in the 1840s during the construction of the feeder canal (now the [[Calumet Sag Channel]]) for the [[Illinois and Michigan Canal]] and as the center of a large brick-making industry beginning in the 1850s, which eventually gave Blue Island the status of brick-making capital of the world.<ref>{{cite book |title= Blue Island, Illinois: The History of a Working-Class Suburb |last= Jebsen|first= Harry A. A. Jr.|year= 1971|publisher= University Microfilms, International|location= Ann Arbor|page= 131 }}</ref> Beginning in 1883, Blue Island was also host to the car shops of the [[Rock Island Railroad]].<ref>Third Annual Report of the Rock Island, p.9</ref> Blue Island was home to several [[brewery|breweries]], who used the east side of the hill to store their product before the advent of refrigeration, until the [[Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Eighteenth Amendment]] made these breweries illegal in 1919. A large regional hospital and two major clinics are also located in the city.

Although initially settled by "[[Yankee]]" stock, Blue Island has been the point of entry for many of America's immigrants, beginning in the 1840s with the arrival of a large German population that remained a prominent part of the city's ethnic makeup for many years. By 1850, half of Blue Island's population was either foreign-born or the children of foreign-born residents.<ref>Census Schedules, 1850</ref> Later, significant groups came from Italy, Poland, Sweden and Mexico.

The city is one of eleven incorporated areas in Illinois to have been designated by the [[White House]] as a "Preserve America" community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Island, Illinois {{!}} Advisory Council on Historic Preservation |url=https://www.achp.gov/preserve-america/community/blue-island-illinois |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406200316/https://www.achp.gov/preserve-america/community/blue-island-illinois |archive-date=2025-04-06 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.achp.gov |quote="[Blue Island, Illinois was ]''Designated a Preserve America Community in October 2007.''"}}</ref>

==History==
===Uptown===
[[File:Blue Island House.JPG|thumb|left|Blue Island House]]
[[File:Blue Island Opera House.JPG|thumb|left|Blue Island Opera House]]

Norman Rexford came to Chicago from [[Charlotte, Vermont]] in 1835 and in 1836 became the first permanent settler of Blue Island when he established the Blue Island House near the intersection of present-day Western Avenue and Gregory Street just north of the Western Avenue bridge.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VtwSAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22BLUE+ISLAND+HOUSE%22&pg=PA331 Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, and Daniel David Healy. ''History of Cook County, Illinois: Being a General Survey of Cook County History, Including a Condensed History of Chicago and Special Account of Districts Outside the City Limits; from the Earliest Settlement to the Present Time''], published by the Goodspeed Historical Association, 1909. Item notes: v. 2. Original from Harvard University</ref> Before Rexford built the Blue Island House he had constructed a four-room log cabin in the wilderness at the north end of the Blue Island ridge that he intended as a tavern for wayfarers, but after a year realized that the place was not likely to be profitable for him and began to look for another site where he might have more success. Although farther from [[Fort Dearborn]] and the settlement at [[Chicago]] (which by that time was incorporated and had a population of several thousand persons) by about {{convert|3|mi|0}}, the new inn was better situated because it was located on the Wabash Road (in Blue Island now Western Avenue), which was then a part of the Vincennes trail that went from Chicago to [[Vincennes, Indiana]]. It was considerably larger and more refined than Rexford's previous venture, being a two-and-a half-story white frame building that also had various outbuildings to accommodate the needs of his guests. Because it was a day's journey from Chicago, within a few years the inn became the nucleus for a group of businesses that catered to the soldiers, cattlemen (with their herds) and other travelers who arrived by [[stagecoach]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Oswald |first1=Joseph C. |author2=The Ridge Historical Society |title=Images of America – Chicago's Beverly Hills/Morgan Park neighborhood |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2003 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l27bnUowdpYC&q=stagecoach+blue+island&pg=PA9 |access-date=2009-02-14 |isbn=978-0-7385-3153-3}}</ref> or otherwise frequented the Vincennes trail. Events hosted by the inn frequently lasted until the small hours of the morning, requiring an overnight stay before guests returned the next morning to their homes and places of business in Chicago and the hinterland.<ref>{{cite news | title=How Chicago's suburbs were platted and named – No. 3 Southern District| newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune| volume=28|date=March 4, 1900| pages=37}}</ref>

Through the 1970s, Blue Island's [[central business district]] ("uptown" to the locals) was regarded as an important regional commercial center, with stores such as [[F. W. Woolworth Company|Woolworth's]], Kline's, [[Sears, Roebuck and Company|Sears]], [[Montgomery Ward]], [[Spiegel (catalog)|Spiegel]] and [[Steak 'n Shake]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=Curt Teich & Co. |author2=North Suburban Library System |title=Western Ave., Blue Island, Ill. |publisher=Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL |year=1921 |url=http://www.digitalpast.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/lakecoun004&CISOPTR=5049&REC=8|access-date=2009-02-17}}</ref> Today, downtown Blue Island is better known for its antique stores, art galleries, ethnic delicatessens and fine dining. Much of this shift in business activity has been brought on by "[[big-box store|big box]]" development outside of town that space constraints make it impossible for uptown to accommodate. However, several local businesses have served the area for generations: DeMar's Restaurant, for example, opened its doors in 1950; Jebens Hardware was established in 1876; and Krueger Funeral Home was founded in 1858. In the 21st century, the city and a dedicated group of volunteers, working with the Metropolitan Planning Council of Chicago<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metroplanning.org/ |title=Metropolitan Planning Council – Home |publisher=Metropolitan Planning Council}}</ref> and the [[Center for Neighborhood Technology]] devised the ''Blue Island Plan for Economic Development'', which addresses not only the commercial expansion of the historic uptown business district, but also the continued improvement of the housing stock and industrial base.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnt.org/repository/BlueIslandExecSummary.pdf |title=Blue Island Plan for Economic Development |publisher=cnt.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511152209/http://www.cnt.org/repository/BlueIslandExecSummary.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-11 }}</ref>

The Blue Island Opera House<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/3549.html The Encyclopedia of Chicago – Blue Island Opera House, 1908]</ref> was built by Blue Island's first mayor John L. Zacharias to replace the Robinson Block, which was destroyed by the Great Blue Island Fire of that year. The opera house was host to [[vaudeville]] and [[repertory|repertoire]] shows until 1913, when it became the Grand Theater and a venue for [[film|motion pictures]]. In later years the building was home to the Blue Island ''Sun-Standard'' newspaper and Kline's Department Store. Although the auditorium has been remodeled out of existence, the building, with its award-winning exterior restoration, today provides both commercial and office space to the historic "uptown" district. The building has been designated as a landmark<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blueisland.org/historic/landmark-tour/41-opera/ |title=Blue Island Opera House |author=jason |publisher=City of Blue Island|date=2009-10-24 }}</ref> by the Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blueisland.org/historic/ |title=Historic Landmark & District Requirements |author=jodi |publisher=City of Blue Island|date=2008-05-15 }}</ref> It was designed by the American/Canadian architect Hugh Griffith Jones, who also designed Blue Island's first Greenwood School (demolished) and a commercial building with a flat above (c. 1895, extant, also now a city landmark) for Albert and Emma Schmidt at 312 (now 13022) Western Avenue. The architect's drawings for the opera house were used by Jones in the package he prepared to justify his successful application for membership in the [[Royal Architectural Institute of Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/node/1541/ |title=Hugh Griffith Jones|publisher=Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada 1850–1950}}</ref>

[[Moraine Valley Community College]] operates a satellite facility uptown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.morainevalley.edu/ |title=Homepage |publisher=Moraine Valley Community College}}</ref>

===The Blue Island Market===
[[File:Market Day c. 1915.JPG|thumb|right|The Blue Island Market, circa 1915, looking west on Broadway from Western Avenue.]]

For many years on the first Thursday of every month, Western Avenue south of the canal and to the city limits on 139th Street was host to an open-air market, the Blue Island Market, more commonly known as Market Day. The market was a place where farmers from a wide area surrounding Blue Island came to town to sell their wares to each other and to the public at large.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Broden |first=Scott |title=Street of Dreams – Blue Island's Olde Western Avenue Was Once a Bustling Place on Market Day, Now After Harder Times, It's seeing a Rebirth. |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |pages=1, Tempo Southwest |date=November 19, 1995 |no-pp=true }}</ref> As the postcard image to the right shows, items offered included produce, farm equipment, and livestock, with a local band thrown in to provide entertainment. Market Day began sometime in the last quarter of the 19th century and lasted until May 1924, when it was closed by the city council after a gradual influx of peddlers offering shoddy merchandise discouraged farmer participation and the market was deemed a public nuisance.<ref name="The First Hundred Years – 1835–1935">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n7ORPQAACAAJ&q=The+First+Hundred+Years+-+1835%E2%80%931935,+an+Historical+Review+of+Blue+Island,+Illinois |title=The First Hundred Years – 1835–1935, an Historical Review of Blue Island, Illinois |last=Volp |first=John Henry |year=1938 |publisher=Blue Island Publishing |location=Blue Island |access-date=April 25, 2017}}</ref>{{rp|148}}

===Brickyards===
After it was discovered in the early 1850s that rich deposits of clay surrounded the ridge, Blue Island became the center of a significant [[brick]]-making industry that lasted for over a century. In the early years, these efforts were small, with the bricks being made by hand and the turnout created mostly for local use, but by 1886 the Illinois Pressed Brick Company (organized in 1884) was employing about 80 men and using "steam power and the most approved machinery", which allowed them to produce 50,000 bricks per day.<ref>{{cite book |title= History of Chicago – From the Earliest Period to the Present Time – In Three Volumes |last= Andreas |first= A.T. |year= 1986| publisher= A.T. Andreas Publishing Co., Publisher |page= 76 }}</ref> By 1900, the Clifton Brickyard alone—which had opened in 1883 under the name of Purington at the far northeast corner of the village<ref name="The First Hundred Years – 1835–1935"/>{{rp|49}}—was producing 150,000,000 bricks a year.<ref>{{cite magazine | title=The Clifton Brickyard, Blue Island| magazine=Clay and Brick Record| volume=14| issue =  3 |date=March 1901| pages=136}}</ref> In 1886, the Chicago architectural firm of [[Dankmar Adler|Adler]] and [[Louis Sullivan|Sullivan]] designed a large complex for the Wahl Brothers brickyard (the main building of which was {{convert|250|by|350|ft}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Louis Sullivan – Prophet of Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/louissullivanpro0000morr|url-access=registration| last= Morrison |first= Hugh |year= 1935 |publisher= W.W. Norton & Co.| location= New York |page= [https://archive.org/details/louissullivanpro0000morr/page/268 268]}}</ref>) on the west side of the Grand Trunk tracks south of 123rd street. These buildings had been demolished by 1935, and all of Blue Island's brickyards were re-purposed by the latter part of the mid-20th century. The larger ones for a while become [[landfill]]s, and the Wahl Brothers location is now the site of the Meadows Golf Club.

===The Portland question===
[[File:PortlandILLINOIS.JPG|425px|thumb|right|This sketch was derived from the plat of Portland which was registered by Peter Barton with the state of Illinois on April 13, 1839.
{{hidden begin|title=More information}} 
Barton hoped to develop Portland as an important river town. "It was thought that the lake commerce by the Calumet and the inland commerce by the feeder, which was planned to be enlarged into a water-way equal to the canal, would make this location of wonderful commercial value. These expectations were never to be realized, however, as the construction of the railroads spoiled these early calculations. The Rock Island swung its line away from the river and built its depot close to the hill, and Portland was forgotten."<ref>{{cite book |title= Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois – Cook County Edition – Illustrated – Volume II| last= Bateman |first= Newton|author2=Selby, Paul |year= 1905| publisher= Munsell Publishing Company| location= Chicago| page= 778 }}</ref>{{pb}}<!--

-->Most of the streets shown east of Division Street and all of those shown on the eastern bank of the [[Calumet River]] do not exist to this day, and several of those that were constructed elsewhere deviate significantly from the way they are charted here. The section of Portland north of the township boundary line (the phantom line in the middle of the map) and west of Division Street was included within the boundaries of the village when Blue Island incorporated as a village in 1872.
{{hidden end}}
]]

Some sources state<ref>{{Cite news | last = Stevens | first = R.R. | title = Circuit Court – New Suits | newspaper = Chicago Daily Law Bulletin | page = 2 | date= June 25, 1877  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.greatchicagorealestate.com/Comm_Blue_Island.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030808160918/http://www.greatchicagorealestate.com/Comm_Blue_Island.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=2003-08-08| title=Blue Island Illinois Real Estate| publisher=greatchicagorealestate.com| access-date=2010-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.illinois.com/city/Blue-Island| title=Blue Island| publisher=illinois.com| access-date=2010-07-19| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230151409/http://www.illinois.com/city/Blue-Island| archive-date=2010-12-30}}</ref> that the city of Blue Island was once officially (or commonly) known as Portland. This claim is erroneous.

*Norman Rexford became the community's first permanent resident when he established the "Blue Island House" at the southern edge of the ridge in November 1836, where in 1838<ref>{{cite book |title=Album of genealogy and biography, Cook County, Illinois : with portraits – Eighth Edition, Revised and Extended |year= 1897 |publisher= Calumet Book and Engraving Co.| location= Chicago|pages=481–483| url=https://archive.org/stream/albumofgenealogy1897calu#page/480/mode/2up |access-date=December 11, 2010}}</ref> he became the settlement's first postmaster.<ref name="The First Hundred Years – 1835–1935"/>{{rp|23}} In his reminiscences published in the Blue Island ''Standard'' in 1876, Heber Rexford (who first came to the area in 1834 and was Cook County treasurer at the time of the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in 1871)<ref>{{cite book |title= History of Chicago – From the Earliest Period to the Present Time – Complete in One Volume |last= Andreas |first= A.T.|year= 1984|publisher= A.T. Andreas Publishing Co., Publishers|pages=637–638}}</ref> related the following:
<blockquote>
"The north end of the bench of land on which Blue Island stands was originally covered with a dense forest, and from Chicago, before the view was obstructed by buildings, this timber presented a blue appearance like smoke. Water was like-mirrored forth by the mirage which almost always prevailed, giving the timber the appearance of land surrounded by water, and it was from this circumstance that the hunters called it Blue Island, which name was perpetuated by my brother getting a Post Office located there, which was also called Blue Island – so much for the name."<ref name="Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil War">{{cite book |url=https://beta.worldcat.org/archivegrid/collection/data/270784489 |title=Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil War |last= Schapper |first= Ferdinand |year= 1917 |publisher= Manuscript |location= Chicago History Museum |access-date=April 25, 2017}}</ref>{{rp|232}}</blockquote>
*On April 13, 1839, Peter Barton and his partners (who included [[Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard|Gurdon Hubbard]] and [[John H. Kinzie]])<ref>[http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/PatentSearch/Image.asp?PatentDocClassCode=STA&Accession=IL0900%5F%5F%2E490&Format=PDF&Page=1&Index=30&QryID=72237%2E98 Bureau of Land Management – General Land Office Records]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Accessed 1/20/2010</ref> registered the plat of "Portland" with the state of Illinois. Portland had been laid out on land purchased from the federal government adjacent to the settlement of Blue Island which was situated south of Vermont Street (more or less) and east of Wabash Road (what is now Western Avenue uptown, again, more or less). The [[Little Calumet River]] ran through the center of the platted area, and its promoters felt with this advantage that it would become a prosperous river town. They used their influence to have the local post office name changed from Blue Island to Portland (a circumstance that as time went by would be a source of aggravation to the people of Blue Island), and on May 1, 1839, this was accomplished. The post office, however, wasn't located within the platted area of Portland since there were no buildings in which to operate it, but in fact was on contiguous property to the west at the Blue Island House. Portland was never incorporated – it existed for many years by and large only as a [[Lot and Block survey system|plat of survey]]. No buildings of any consequence were erected there for nearly half a century. While some of the street names from Portland remain (although sometimes not entirely on their original courses), any of them that ''were'' laid out (and in fact a majority of them never were) waited in most cases for many years until they were needed. About half of the area was eventually annexed within what would become the corporate boundaries of Blue Island as time went by, and significant other sections of it became parts of the villages of [[Calumet Park, Illinois|Calumet Park]] and [[Riverdale, Illinois|Riverdale]], the Joe Louis the Champ golf course, and unincorporated [[Calumet Township, Cook County, Illinois|Calumet Township]]. According to John Volp, whose family had lived in Blue Island since 1862:
<blockquote>
"'Portland' did not become a river town. Neither did the name 'Portland' ever come into general use. In spite of all the efforts of its promoters to popularize the locality the people preferred to live on top of the hill and call the place 'Blue Island'..."<ref name="The First Hundred Years – 1835–1935"/>{{rp|32}}</blockquote>
*For reasons that remain unclear (but most likely because all of the development that was taking place in the area was occurring in the as yet unincorporated settlement of Blue Island to the north and west), the state legislature changed the name of the platted "town" of Portland to correspond with that of its neighbor. From the ''Laws of Illinois – 1842 and 1843'':
<blockquote>
"An Act entitled AN ACT TO CHANGE THE NAME OF PORTLAND IN COOK COUNTY TO THE NAME OF BLUE ISLAND: Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly that the name of the place called Portland in Cook County, Illinois is hereby altered and changed to Blue Island and the same shall hereafter always be known and called by such name of Blue Island. Approved February 24, 1843."<ref name="Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil War"/>{{rp|137–138}}</blockquote> At the same time, the post office department in Washington, D.C. changed the name of the post office to "Blue Island". In the 1903 edition of ''Blue Book for the State of Illinois'', the state shows 1843 as the year Blue Island was granted "incorporation under special acts",<ref>{{cite book |title= Blue Book of the State of Illinois| last=Rose| first=James A., Secretary of State  |year= 1903| publisher= Phillips Bros., State Printers| location= Springfield|pages=381–383 }}</ref> recognizing the existence of Portland, but not as an incorporated entity. (Blue Island would not officially incorporate for almost another three decades – see below.)
*On April 20, 1850, the post office name was changed to "[[Worth Township, Cook County, Illinois|Worth]]",<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/10787.html ''The Encyclopedia of Chicago'', Map of Cook and DuPage, and parts of Kane, Kendall, and Will Counties, 1851]. Retrieved December 17, 2009</ref> this time to coincide with the name of the township in which it was located.
*The [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad|Rock Island Railroad]] inaugurated service to the community in 1852. From the Chicago ''Journal'', May 27, 1852:
<blockquote>
"The work of laying ties upon this Road (sic) between Chicago and Blue Island will be commenced next week. Mr. H. Fuller... will complete the work in the course of ten or fifteen days. Two hundred and thirty-six men are now employed on it."<ref name="Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil War"/>{{rp|117}}</blockquote> 
:The "Rocket", as the train was called, pulled into the Vermont Street station (the only one in town then) for the first time on October 10, 1852. The Rock Island called the station "Blue Island".
*On January 10, 1860, the post office name reverted again to "Blue Island".
*On October 26, 1872, Blue Island incorporated as a village using the name by which it has always been known. Although about twenty percent of Portland was included within the corporate boundaries of the new village, that Portland was not an incorporated entity can be determined from the following excerpt that was taken from the petition that was submitted to the state to permit the election to consider incorporation: "...&nbsp;Your petitioners further represent that the territory herein described and bounded is not more than two (2) square miles, and that no part of the same is now included within the limits of any incorporated town, Village or City&nbsp;..."<ref name="The First Hundred Years – 1835–1935"/>{{rp|123}}

===Historic buildings and structures===
[[File:Sanders School.png|thumb|right|Sanders School, 1900. George W. Maher, architect]][[File:Goldberg Heimbach.jpg|thumb|right|Dr. Aaron Heimbach House]]
[[Bertrand Goldberg]] designed the [[Dr. Aaron Heimbach House]] (1939). The house is one of only six surviving residential designs by the architect, and is a designated landmark in the City of Blue Island.<ref>[http://www.blueisland.org/historic/landmark-tour/29-heimbach/ Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission Landmark Tour – Dr. Aaron Heimbach House]. Retrieved 10/30/2009</ref> In 2009, its owners received the Richard H. Driehaus Foundation Preservation Award<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.landmarks.org/awards_2009_heimbach.htm|title=Landmarks Illinois: Preservation Awards|publisher=landmarks.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113183135/http://www.landmarks.org/awards_2009_heimbach.htm|archive-date=2010-01-13}}</ref> from Landmarks Illinois<ref>[http://www.landmarks.org/index.htm Landmarks Illinois] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125054159/http://www.landmarks.org/index.htm |date=2010-01-25 }}. Retrieved 10/30/2009</ref> for the outstanding quality of the restoration work performed on the house during the previous four years.

Because of its long history, the [[built environment]] of Blue Island exhibits a broad range of [[architectural style]]s and periods. Although largely built in the [[vernacular architecture|vernacular]] tradition, the works of notable architects, including [[Adler & Sullivan|Adler and Sullivan]], [[George W. Maher|George Maher]], [[August Fiedler]], [[Office of the Supervising Architect|Oscar Wenderoth]], [[Robert Seyfarth]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.robertseyfartharchitect.com |title=Robert e Seyfarth Architect |access-date=2009-08-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715192216/http://www.robertseyfartharchitect.com/ |archive-date=2011-07-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winnetkahistory.org/index.php?id=109|title=Winnetka Historical Society|publisher=winnetkahistory.org}}</ref> [[Perkins and Will]],<ref>{{cite news | title=Blue Island to Dedicate School, Wing – Hold Open House Today in Blue Island School| newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=November 11, 1956| pages=SW5}}</ref> and [[Bertrand Goldberg]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bertrandgoldberg.org/works/heimbach_house.html|publisher=bertrandgoldberg.org|title=Heimbach House period image|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602123210/http://www.bertrandgoldberg.org/works/heimbach_house.html|archive-date=2008-06-02}}</ref> are featured throughout the community.

The Bell/Hendriks house was designed and construction in 1947 for the Prize Homes competition which was sponsored and promoted by the ''Chicago Tribune'',<ref>{{cite news |last=McCutcheon| first=John Jr.| title=Dentist Turns First Spade at his Prize Home – 19 Other War Veterans Are in Tribune Plan| newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |date=June 16, 1946| pages=SW2}}</ref> and several thousand persons toured the "modified Colonial" home when it was built, with many of the visitors' comments reported in the newspaper during the month the house was open to the public for tours.<ref>{{cite news |last=Peck| first=Janet| title=Women Agree – Tribune Prize Home a 'Honey' – Admire Blend of Beauty and Practicality| newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=October 5, 1946| pages=S6}}</ref> Opening ceremonies were broadcast over [[WGN (AM)|WGN]] radio, and plans of the house and of the other twenty-three prize-winning designs from the competition were the subject of an exhibition at the [[Art Institute of Chicago]] the previous year.<ref>{{cite web | agency = The Chicago Tribune | title = 1946 Exhibition History | date = January 1946 | publisher = The Art Institute of Chicago | url = http://www.artic.edu/research/1946-exhibition-history | access-date = 2013-02-16}}</ref>

The oldest section of Blue Island's city hall, built in 1891, was designed by [[Edmund R. Krause]], who was the architect of the Majestic Building (along with its recently restored [[Bank of America Theatre]]) in Chicago's [[Chicago Loop|Loop]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patsabin.com/illinois/majestic.html |title=Majestic Theatre, Chicago, IL vintage postcard |access-date=2008-06-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703101818/http://www.patsabin.com/illinois/majestic.html |archive-date=2008-07-03 }}</ref> The first buildings of Northwest Gas, Light and Coke Company in Blue Island were designed by [[Holabird & Roche]]<ref>{{cite web | author = North Suburban Library System | title = Public Service Co., Blue Island, IL | publisher = V.O. Hammon Publishing Co. | date = c. 1909 | url = http://www.digitalpast.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/lakecoun004&CISOPTR=2337&REC=1 | access-date = 2009-02-16}}</ref> in 1902 (demolished). The city also has 22 houses known to have been built with mail-order kits sold by [[Sears Catalog Home|Sears Modern Homes]]. There is one building in Blue Island listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]],<ref>[http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/hargis/Reports/Reports.aspx?RefNumVariable=200317&FormType=Short National Register of Historic Places – Property Information Report – The Joshua P. Young House.]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 4/22/2010</ref> 27 are included as part of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency's Historic Architectural and Archaeology Resources Geographic Information System,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.il.us/hpa/PS/haargishi.htm |title=Welcome to IHPA's Preservation Services Division |access-date=2008-07-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513190325/http://www.state.il.us/hpa/PS/haargishi.htm |archive-date=2009-05-13 }}</ref><ref>[http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/hargis/Main.aspx?action=zoomcity&city=Blue%20Island Illinois Historic Preservation Agency – Historic Architectural/Archeological Resources – HAARGIS.]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 4/22/2010</ref> and 41<ref>[https://archive.today/20110718052610/http://www.blueisland.org/historic/landmark-tour/ Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission – Blue Island Landmark Tour.] Retrieved 4/22/2010</ref> individual buildings and one district have been designated as local landmarks by the Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission. The city's newest development is Fay's Point, a gated community built at the confluence of the Calumet River and the Calumet Sag Channel on the site of the home of Jerome Fay, who had settled there in 1850.<ref>{{cite book |title= The first hundred years, 1835-1935: historical review of Blue Island, Illinois |last= Volp |first= John Henry|year= 1938| publisher= Blue Island Publishing |page= 75 }}</ref>

The [[Libby, McNeill and Libby Building]], which operated as [[Libby, McNeill and Libby]]'s main Midwest processing plant from 1918 to 1968, is a prominent historic remnant of Blue Island's industrial heritage, located three blocks south of downtown Blue Island on Western Avenue.<ref name="NomForm">{{cite web|title=Request for Preliminary Determination of Eligibility: Libby, McNeill & Libby Canning Plant 13636 South Western Avenue, Blue Island, Illinois|url=https://las.depaul.edu/centers-and-institutes/chaddick-institute-for-metropolitan-development/research-and-publications/Documents/Libby%20McNeill%20%20Libby%20Canning%20Plant%20-%20PDIL%20Package%205-7-12.pdf|publisher=[[DePaul University]]: College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences|website=las.depaul.edu|accessdate=July 18, 2021}}</ref>

====The American House====
[[File:American House Hotel Blue Island.JPG|thumb|right|Drawing of the American House Hotel, modeled after a sketch that appeared in Ferdinand Schapper's 1917 manuscript ''Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil War''.]]

One of the oldest buildings in Blue Island, the American House was built in 1839 as the courthouse for [[Lake County, Indiana]]—a function it never actually had the chance to serve, as the county seat was moved from Liverpool to [[Crown Point, Indiana|Crown Point]] in 1840.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Calumet Region – Indiana's Last Frontier. Indiana Historical Collections, Volume XXXIX |last= Moore| first=Powell A. |year= 1959 |publisher= Indiana Historical Bureau| location= Indianapolis|page=72 }}</ref> In 1844, the building was disassembled, sent by raft up the [[Little Calumet River]], and reassembled in Blue Island.

Once in Blue Island, the building originally stood on the west side of Western Avenue north of Vermont Street,<ref name="American House Hotel">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=13 - American House Hotel {{!}} Blue Island, IL |url=https://www.blueisland.org/259/13---American-House-Hotel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406212308/https://www.blueisland.org/259/13---American-House-Hotel |archive-date=2025-04-06 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.blueisland.org |publisher=Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission}}</ref> (where Three Sisters Antique Mall stands today). It was popular among Southerners who used it as a summer boarding house and with the contractors who built the feeder canal for the [[Illinois and Michigan Canal]]. After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] it was used as a home for retired soldiers. Although it was built after the invention of [[balloon framing]], the building is constructed using the [[timber framing]] method, evidence of which is still clearly visible in the basement and attic. However, while its [[Greek Revival]] roots are discernible, the building is much remodeled and serves today as a private residence.

Greek Revival was the architectural style of choice in the early years of Blue Island's history. Many of the buildings that remain from those days have been similarly remodeled, but some of the most well-preserved examples of the style, albeit in a vernacular form, can be seen either in the Walter P. Roche House on York Street<ref>{{Cite web |title=28 - Walter P. Roche House {{!}} Blue Island, IL |url=https://www.blueisland.org/274/28---Walter-P-Roche-House |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406212342/https://www.blueisland.org/274/28---Walter-P-Roche-House |archive-date=2025-04-06 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.blueisland.org}}</ref> or the Henry Schuemann House on Western Avenue.<ref>[http://www.blueisland.org/historic/landmark-tour/36-schuermann/ Blue Island Historic Preservation Commission Landmark Tour – Henry Schuemann House.] Retrieved 10/30/2009</ref>

When the American House was dismantled in the 1890s, Jacob Link cut and relocated half of it to its current location on Collins Street, where he converted it into a residence.<ref name="American House Hotel" />

====The Joshua P. Young House====
[[File:Joshua P Young House.JPG|thumb|The Joshua P. Young House, built circa 1852]]
An ad appeared in the book ''Chicago and Its Suburbs'', which was published in 1874 in part to promote the interests of real estate developers in the Chicago area. Note the mention of the firm's holdings in [[Englewood, Chicago|Englewood]], South Lawn (later [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]]), [[Homewood, Illinois|Homewood]] and Washington Heights (later [[Morgan Park, Chicago|Morgan Park]]), the latter of which was purchased in 1869 for $150 per acre from the {{convert|1500|acre|adj=on}} tract that was then being developed by the Blue Island Land and Building Co.

The house was built by Carlton Wadhams (1810–1891), who came to Blue Island in 1839 from [[Goshen, Connecticut]], and farmed on land north of the village until he opened the American House Hotel (building extant) in 1844. During his time in Blue Island, Wadhams made his first fortune as the owner of the hotel and as a cattle dealer, staying until c. 1857 when he sold his holdings and moved to [[South Bend, Indiana]]. In South Bend he was one of the founders of the Dodge Manufacturing Company and of the First National Bank, where he was a director until his death.<ref>{{cite book |title=South Bend and the Men Who Have Made It. |last= Anderson and Cooley|year= 1901 |publisher= Press of the Tribune Printing Company |location= South Bend|page= 95}}</ref> Wadhams sold the house along with all of the property on which it was located, which included the American House and all of the land between what is today Western Avenue, Maple Avenue, Burr Oak Avenue and Vermont Street to Joshua Palmer Young (1818–1889),<ref>{{cite book |title=Dedication to Benjamin Harrison, Christian gentleman; patriotic citizen; brave soldier; wise statesman and 23d President of the United States |last= Old Tippecanoe Club of Chicago |year= 1899 |publisher= Press of the Peerless Printing Co.| location= Chicago|pages=218–219 |url=https://archive.org/stream/dedicationtobenj00oldt#page/218/mode/2up |access-date=December 11, 2010}}</ref> who, by himself beginning in 1848 and in a partnership with John K. Rowley that was established in 1866, played an important role in the development of the Chicago communities of [[Beverly, Chicago|Beverly Hills]], [[Morgan Park, Chicago|Morgan Park]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Everett Chamberlin |title=Chicago and its Suburbs| publisher=T.A. Hungerford & Co.| location=Chicago|orig-year=1874 – reprinted 2010 by [[BiblioBazaar|Nabu Press]] |pages= 369, 407, 470 |isbn= 978-1-142-31955-7|date=January 2010}}</ref> [[Near West Side, Chicago|Near West Side]], [[Washington Heights, Chicago|Washington Heights]] and [[Englewood, Chicago|Englewood]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Album of genealogy and biography, Cook County, Illinois: with portraits – Eighth Edition, Revised and Extended |year= 1897 |publisher= Calumet Book and Engraving Co.| location= Chicago|pages=500–501 |url=https://archive.org/stream/albumofgenealogy1897calu#page/500/mode/2up |access-date=December 11, 2010}}</ref> as well as the suburban communities of Blue Island, South Lawn (now [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]]),<ref>{{cite book |title=HISTORY – the City of Harvey 1890–1962 |last= Kerr| first= Alec C.|year= 1962 |publisher= First National Bank in Harvey|location= Harvey| asin=B001J34JEK |page= 15}}</ref> [[Homewood, Illinois|Homewood]] and [[South Holland, Illinois|South Holland]].

Young operated the hotel for a time and was otherwise active in local affairs. He served from 1878–1880 as the president of the village board, and was a founder of the Congregational church (now Christ Memorial United Church of Christ). He was one of the incorporators, a director and secretary of the Chicago, Blue Island and Indiana Railroad Company (now part of the [[Grand Trunk Railway]]), whose charter was approved by the state of Illinois on March 7, 1867.<ref>{{cite book |title=Private Laws of the State of Illinois passed by the Twenty-fifth General Assembly – Convened January 7, 1867 – Volume II|year= 1867 |publisher= Baker, Bailhache & Co., Printers|location= Springfield|pages=545–548}}</ref>

The house is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Cook County, Illinois|National Register of Historic Places]] and is included in the State of Illinois' Historic Architectural and Archaeology Resources Geographic Information System.

====USS ''Blue Island Victory''====
On December 28, 1944, 91 days after her keel was laid, the USS ''Blue Island Victory'' was launched from the [[Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard|Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard]] in [[Baltimore]], Maryland. Dubbed "the Ugly Duckling of the [[United States Merchant Marine|merchant marine]]" by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Victory ship]]s were armed cargo ships that were built during [[World War II]] to transport troops and supplies wherever in the world their services were required. Of the 550 or so built,<ref>[http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/merchantships/wwii/victoryships.htm Shipbuilding History.com – Victory Ships] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820074721/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/merchantships/wwii/victoryships.htm |date=August 20, 2008 }}, accessed January 28, 2009</ref> 218 were named after American cities.

The USS ''Blue Island Victory'' was a type VC 2-S-AP2, which was {{convert|455|ft|m}} long, {{convert|62|ft|m}} wide, and had a {{convert|25|ft|m|adj=on}} [[Draft (hull)|draft]]. It was equipped with a {{convert|5|in|mm|adj=on}} gun on the stern for enemy submarines, a {{convert|3|in|mm|adj=on}} [[anti-aircraft gun]], and a 20&nbsp;mm cannon. The ''Blue Island Victory'' served variously as a troop ship<ref>[http://www.jefferson.k12.wi.us/jms/LibraryHomePage/WartimeRemembrances/Buelowdon/buelowdon.htm "Wartime Remembrances" – Don Buelow interview] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003080622/http://www.jefferson.k12.wi.us/jms/LibraryHomePage/WartimeRemembrances/Buelowdon/buelowdon.htm |date=October 3, 2006 }}, School District of Jefferson, Wisconsin. Accessed 8/15/2008</ref> and as a cattle transport ship,<ref>[http://www.photosig.com/go/photos/view?id=1910411&forward=viewportfolio Blue Island Victory] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615212652/http://www.photosig.com/go/photos/view?id=1910411&forward=viewportfolio |date=June 15, 2009 }} – Photosig.com. Accessed 9/15/2008</ref> and saw service in the [[Korean War]]. It was scrapped in 1972.

====City hall====
The oldest portion of Blue Island's city hall was built in 1891 and designed by Edmund R. Krause, a prominent Chicago architect who among other buildings designed the 20-story Majestic Theatre building in [[Chicago Loop|Chicago's Loop]] at what is now 22 W. Monroe Street (the theater, whose interiors were designed by [[Rapp and Rapp]], has been [[Naming rights|renamed]] several time in the last fifty years – most recently in 2015 when it became the [[PrivateBank Theatre]]). An annex to city hall was built in 1925 according to plans by the Chicago architectural firm of Doerr, Lindquist and Doerr.<ref>{{cite web |last=Curt Teich & Co. |author2=North Suburban Library System |title=Postcard depicting Blue Island's City Hall, Police Dept. & Fire Dept. |publisher=Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL |year=1951 |url=http://www.digitalpast.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/lakecoun004&CISOPTR=5032&REC=3 |access-date=2009-02-16}}</ref> The design for the annex was apparently a conscious effort to complement the post office building across the street and built using similar brick and a closely related architectural style, although not on as grand a scale. The Blue Island Post Office was designed by [[Oscar Wenderoth]] and built in 1914. Wenderoth was associated with the building of many government buildings of the period, including the Senate and House Office Buildings in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wenderoth Selected to Succeed James Taylor as Architect of the Treasury Department |newspaper=The Cincinnati Enquirer |date=June 7, 1912 |pages=3}}</ref>

Beginning in the 1870s, the water supply for Blue Island was supplied by three [[Artesian aquifer|artesian wells]], whose water was pumped by a windmill to a {{convert|10|ST}} storage tank that sat on top of a {{convert|50|ft|adj=on}} high stone tower behind the City Hall building.<ref name="Spears 9">{{cite news |last=Spears |first=Charles|title= La Julia Rhea Gets Singular Recognition|newspaper=Pittsburgh Courier|date=October 30, 1937|page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Miniature Water-Works |newspaper=The American Architect and Building News |volume=III |issue=112 |date=16 February 1878 |pages=60}}</ref> The city began to receive its water from [[Lake Michigan]] in August 1915 after the water from the wells began to acquire a gaseous odor whose source was apparently the Public Service Company whose facilities were located about a quarter mile to the southwest,<ref>{{cite journal |title=Chemical Character of Chicago Waters – Niagara Formation – Local Supplies – Vicinity of Chicago – Blue Island |journal=The Illinois State Geological Survey: The Artesian Waters of Northeastern Illinois |volume=34 |year=1919 |pages=102–3}}</ref> and the tank was subsequently removed.

=== Religion ===
[[File:First Lutheran Church.JPG|thumb|right|The First Evangelical Lutheran Church was founded in 1861 and its sanctuary, built in 1863, remains the oldest in the city (at least in part) <ref>{{cite book |title= Dedication - First Evangelical Lutheran Church, Blue Island, Illinois| last= Lohse |first= Martin, Chairman of the Dedication Book committee |year = 1954|location= Blue Island, Illinois |pages= 15, 22–23}}</ref> by virtue of the fact that the tower and the walls of the west half of the original building were incorporated into a 1954 expansion. The school building shown to the right of the church was built in 1871 and was replaced by the present building in 1912.<ref>{{cite news | title=Building Department| newspaper=The Economist: A Weekly Financial, Commercial, and Real-estate Newspaper| volume=47| issue =12 |date=March 23, 1912| pages=564}}</ref> The former schoolhouse has been relocated and currently serves as a two-family residence.<ref>{{cite news | title=Landmark Sketches| newspaper=The Blue Island Forum| volume=IX| issue =9 |date=May 9, 1995| pages=17}}</ref>]]
Although religious gatherings have taken place in Blue Island almost since the community was founded in 1836, the first denominational services took place in 1850 with the founding of the Central Methodist Church (predecessor to today's Grace United Methodist Church).<ref>{{cite book |title= The first hundred years, 1835-1935: historical review of Blue Island, Illinois |last= Volp |first= John Henry|year= 1938| publisher= Blue Island Publishing |page= 197}}</ref>

=== {{Anchor|Origin of the name}} Etymology ===
[[File:Lake Chicago.JPG|thumb|right|[[Lake Chicago]] at the Glenwood Stage showing the geological formation of Blue Island (middle lower right) protruding above the waters. The city of Blue Island occupies the lower quarter of the island and the surrounding plain in its vicinity.<ref>"Bulletin No. 1", [https://web.archive.org/web/20080724113453/http://www.geographicsociety.org/index2.html The Geographic Society of Chicago], 1899</ref>]]
The north-central section of the city of Blue Island is located at the south end of a glacial [[moraine]] that once was an island when the waters from [[Lake Chicago]] covered the surrounding area at the former lake's Glenwood Stage. Early pioneers gave the ridge the name because at a distance it looked like an island set in a trackless [[prairie]] sea. The blue color was attributed to atmospheric scattering or to blue flowers growing on the ridge.<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/150.html ''The Encyclopedia of Chicago'' – "Blue Island"], retrieved 4/1/2010</ref> The Chicago [[Chicago Democrat|''Democrat'']], February, 1834 described it:
<blockquote>
"Nearly south of this town and twelve miles [19 km] distant is Blue Island. This name is particularly appropriate. It is a table of land about six miles [10 km] long and an average of two miles [3.2 km] wide, of an oval form and rising some forty feet [12&nbsp;m] out of an immense plain which surrounds it on every side. The sides and slopes of this table, as well as the table itself, are covered with a handsome growth of timber, forming a belt surrounding about four or five thousand acres of beautiful table land. In summer, the plain is covered with luxurious herbage. It is uninhabited, and when we visited it, from its stillness, loneliness, and quiet, we pronounced it a vast vegetable solitude. The ridge, when viewed from a distance, appears standing in an azure mist of vapor, hence the appellation 'Blue Island'."
</blockquote>

== Geography ==
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Blue Island has a total area of {{convert|4.16|sqmi|km2|2}}, of which {{convert|4.07|sqmi|km2|2}} (or 97.93%) is land and {{convert|0.09|sqmi|km2|2}} (or 2.07%) is water.<ref name="gaz2021">{{Cite web  |title=Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=Census.gov}}</ref>

===Surrounding areas===
<div style= width:500px;">
:{{pad|18em}} [[Chicago]] 
:{{pad|15em}} [[Alsip, Illinois|Alsip]] [[Image:Up arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Up-1.svg|30px]] [[Image:Up arrow right.svg|20px]] [[Chicago]] 
:{{pad|10em}} [[Alsip, Illinois|Alsip]] / [[Robbins, Illinois|Robbins]] [[Image:Left.svg|30px]] {{pad|1.5em}}[[Image:Right.svg|30px]] [[Calumet Park, Illinois|Calumet Park]] 
:{{pad|12.5em}} [[Midlothian, Illinois|Midlothian]] [[Image:Down arrow left.svg|20px]] [[Image:Down arrow.svg|30px]] [[Image:Down arrow right.svg|20px]] [[Riverdale, Illinois|Riverdale]]
:{{pad|16em}} [[Posen, Illinois|Posen]] / [[Dixmoor, Illinois|Dixmoor]]
</div>

== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|align=right
|1880= 1542
|1890= 3329
|1900= 6114
|1910= 8043
|1920= 11424
|1930= 16534
|1940= 16638
|1950= 17622
|1960= 19618
|1970= 22629
|1980= 21855
|1990= 21203
|2000= 23463
|2010= 23706
|2020= 22558
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Blue Island city, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Blue Island city, Illinois |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=1600000US1706704&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Blue Island city, Illinois|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US1706704&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Blue Island city, Illinois|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US1706704&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|8,498
|4,990
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,442
|36.22%
|21.05%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |15.26%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|5,599
|7,173
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6,817
|23.86%
|30.26%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |30.22%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|40
|42
|style='background: #ffffe6; |38
|0.17%
|0.18%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.17%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|78
|79
|style='background: #ffffe6; |86
|0.33%
|0.33%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.38%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|6
|6
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6
|0.03%
|0.03%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.03%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|25
|43
|style='background: #ffffe6; |64
|0.11%
|0.18%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.28%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|318
|240
|style='background: #ffffe6; |385
|1.36%
|1.01%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.71%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|8,899
|11,133
|style='background: #ffffe6; |11,720
|37.93%
|46.96%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |51.95%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''23,463'''
|'''23,706'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''22,558'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US1706704 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> there were 22,558 people, 7,926 households, and 5,457 families residing in the city. The population density was {{Convert|5,426.51|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}. There were 9,137 housing units at an average density of {{Convert|2,197.98|/sqmi|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 22.53% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 30.71% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.93% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.44% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.07% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 26.47% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 17.84% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 51.95% of the population.

There were 7,926 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.42% were married couples living together, 22.63% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.15% were non-families. 26.27% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.45% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.56 and the average family size was 2.91.

The city's age distribution consisted of 24.7% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $51,859, and the median income for a family was $58,815. Males had a median income of $32,453 versus $30,785 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $23,061. About 12.4% of families and 18.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 27.5% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
===Tourism===
====Blue Island Area Sports Hall of Fame====
As part of its focus, the park district serves the needs of the community by sponsoring [[Little League Baseball]], [[American football|football]], softball and other sports activities. It is also host to the Blue Island Area Sports Hall of Fame,<ref>{{Cite news | title = Hall of Fame Sports Banquet set for April 3 | newspaper = Suburbanite Economist | pages = Section IV Page1 |date= March 14, 1974 | no-pp = true }}</ref> which was sponsored by the Blue Island ''Sun Standard'' and founded by its sports editor, Don Rizzs. As part of a community that is heavily involved in sports on many levels, the Hall of Fame is a repository of photos and biographies of many individuals who have distinguished themselves on the playing field, both on the local level and in the international spotlight.

== Parks and recreation ==
[[File:Memorial Park Field House.JPG|thumb|Memorial Park Field House, dedicated on Memorial Day, 1938]]
The [[park district]] was formed in 1909 and in 1912 acquired the property of the late Benjamin Sanders, who was Blue Island's first village president when the village incorporated in 1872 <ref>{{cite book |title= The first hundred years, 1835-1935: historical review of Blue Island, Illinois |last= Volp |first= John Henry|year= 1938| publisher= Blue Island Publishing |pages= 123–124}}</ref> and served as the chairman of the building committee of the [[Cook County Board of Commissioners|Cook County Board]] after the [[Great Chicago Fire]] of 1871. The {{convert|9|acre|m2|adj=on}} property was laid out by the Chicago engineer V.B. Roberts with architectural work by A.R. Grosse <ref>{{cite journal |title= NEWS OF THE WEEK - WESTERN AND CENTRAL STATES - Unclassified |journal=The Construction News|volume=XXXIV | issue = 10|date=September 7, 1912|pages=28}}</ref> and included Sanders' home, which was remodeled into a field house and also provided living quarters for the park's superintendent.<ref>{{cite book |title= The first hundred years, 1835-1935: historical review of Blue Island, Illinois |last= Volp |first= John Henry|year= 1938| publisher= Blue Island Publishing |page= 231 }}</ref> Central Park<ref>{{cite web |author1= Curt Teich & Co. |author2=North Suburban Library System | title = Central Park, Blue Island, Illinois | publisher = Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL | year = 1921 | url = http://www.digitalpast.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/lakecoun004&CISOPTR=5030&REC=4 | access-date = February 12, 2009}}</ref> eventually offered tennis courts, playground equipment, and the community's first swimming pool. It was vacated by the park district in 1965 when St. Francis Hospital acquired the property for $325,000.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Gorman | first = Harry G. | title = Council Acts on Stadium Sale – City to Receive $75,000 | newspaper = The Citizen | pages = 1 |date= April 16, 1965 }}</ref> ({{inflation|US|325000|1965|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) to build its east campus there.

Memorial Park, the city's next public park, was dedicated on Decoration Day (now [[Memorial Day]]), 1922, in ceremonies that were presided over by Brigadier General [[Abel Davis]] of [[Glencoe, Illinois]].<ref>{{Cite news | last = Rodkin | first = Dennis | title = Abel Bodied | newspaper = Chicago Magazine | pages = 102 |date= July 2008 | url = http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/July-2008/Abel-Bodied/ }}</ref> The section of Memorial Park running adjacent to Burr Oak Avenue with {{convert|330|ft|m}} of frontage on Highland Avenue had originally been laid out as a cemetery in the early 1850s, when this section of Blue Island was a long walk from the populated section of the town. Although the cemetery was added to and improved in subsequent years, it was closed by village ordinance in 1898, and almost all of the remains interred there were moved to Mt. Greenwood Cemetery in Chicago, which had been developed by citizens from Blue Island.<ref>{{cite news | title=Obituary – Norman B. Rexford| newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune| volume=31| issue = May 6 |year=1903 | pages=7}}</ref> The acquisition of the entire parcel bounded by Burr Oak Avenue, Highland Avenue, Walnut Street and the B & O tracks was completed by the park district in 1935. The park at that point had reached its present size of {{convert|10|acre|m2}}, and eventually, with the help of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s [[Alphabet agencies]], was provided with landscaping and acquired an outdoor swimming pool, playground equipment, and an [[Art Deco]] stadium that seated 1,000 persons (demolished in December 2009). With the closing of Central Park, Memorial Park has become the flagship of the Blue Island park system.<ref>[http://blueislandparks.org/index.html Blue Island Park District] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925112734/http://blueislandparks.org/index.html |date=September 25, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Obituary – Norman B. Rexford| newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune| issue = September 2 |year=1899 | pages=9}}</ref>

The {{convert|8.5|acre|m2|adj=on}} site of Centennial Park on the east side of Blue Island was acquired from the East Side Development Association in 1935 for $11,500 ({{inflation|US|11500|1935|r=-3|fmt=eq}}). This park provides a field house, athletic fields and playground equipment.

The city operates the Meadows Golf Club, a {{convert|6549|yd|adj=on}}, 18-hole [[golf course]] that was designed by J. Porter Gibson and opened in 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meadowsgc.com/|title=Meadows Blue Island|publisher=meadowsgc.com}}</ref>

== Government ==
{{multiple image
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 | width =
 | image1 = 1891 City Hall in the process of restoration.png
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 | caption1 = City Hall, 1891 (left) and annex, 1925 (right)
| image2 = Blue Island Post Office.jpg
| width2 = 220
| caption2 = Blue Island Post Office, built at a cost of $52,285 by N.H. Shields of [[Danville, IL]]<ref>{{cite journal |title=Public Buildings – Contracts Awarded |journal=The Improvement Bulletin|volume=XLVII |issue=1 |date=December 6, 1913 |pages=31}}</ref>
 }}
Nearly all of Blue Island is in [[Illinois's 1st congressional district]]; the portion east of [[Interstate 57]] is in the [[Illinois's 2nd congressional district|2nd district]].

== Education ==
[[File:Seymour School - Blue Island.jpg|thumb|Seymour School, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Beers, Clay and Dutton and opened in 1892 at a cost of $35,000,<ref>{{cite news | title=Contracting News – Where New Work will be done| newspaper=The Sanitary News| volume=XVIII| issue = 381 |date=May 23, 1891 |pages=23}}</ref> was demolished to make room for a new building erected in 1925]]

As the largest settlement in the southern part of Cook County in the middle of the nineteenth century, Blue Island was an important trading and cultural center. The village offered educational opportunity to its residents as early as 1845 in the form of a private school for girls that was operated by local citizens, and public education was introduced in 1846 with the construction of a one-room schoolhouse that served the community exclusively for that purpose until the first Whittier School was built in 1854. The one-room schoolhouse was repurposed several times in subsequent years and still stands, much remodeled, as a comfortable house on Greenwood Avenue.<ref name=amtowns-district-218/>

Blue Island hosted a number of educational conferences during the 1850s, and because of this (and through the influence of Benjamin Sanders,<ref>{{cite book |title= History of Cook County Illinois|url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_V_A1AQAAMAAJ| last= Andreas |first= Alfred T.|year= 1884| publisher= A.T. Andreas| location= Chicago|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_V_A1AQAAMAAJ/page/n614 630] }}</ref> whose tenure with the Cook County Board was during that time) [[Chicago State University]] was founded in Blue Island in 1867 as the Cook County Normal (or Teacher's) School in the classrooms of the old Whittier School building on Vermont Street. This arrangement lasted until 1870, when the new campus for the college was completed in what is now the [[Englewood, Chicago|Englewood]] neighborhood of Chicago on {{convert|10|acre|m2}} of land that was donated by L. W. Beck for the purpose in 1868.<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/426.html The Encyclopedia of Chicago – Englewood]</ref>

The public school district as a legal entity (now Cook County School District 130) was established in 1887, and the current high school district (Community High School District 218) was created in 1927, replacing earlier versions from 1897 and 1903. Blue Island Community High School (now Dwight D. Eisenhower High School) was accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools (now North Central Association – Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement) in 1899. As president of [[Columbia University]], [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]] was the keynote speaker at the dedication of the new facility on Sacramento Avenue for Blue Island Community High School in 1951, and the building was renamed in his honor in 1962.<ref name=amtowns-district-218>[http://www.americantowns.com/il/oaklawn/organization/community_high_school_district_218 AmericanTowns.com], accessed 02/05/2009</ref>

A portion of Blue Island is within the [[Posen-Robbins School District 143½]].

=== Elementary and middle schools ===
Most residents of Blue Island live within the boundaries of Cook County School District 130. The grade school district serves not only Blue Island, but also much of Crestwood, some of Robbins and a fraction of Alsip. Residents in the far Southeast of the city have students who attend Calumet Public School District 132. There are no schools from District 132 within the Blue Island boundary.

District 130 Boundaries:
* Blue Island: 123rd Street and 119th Streets (south sides only); Westside of Division
* Crestwood: Eastside of Central Avenue; 139th Street to the Turnpike (north sides only)
* Crestwood/Alsip: 127th Street
* Robbins/Blue Island: North side of 135th Street

Name changes:
*Greenwood School → Blue Island Community High School Freshman Building → 
Everett Kerr School → Veterans Memorial School (2015){{pb}}
What is now called Greenwood School is not the original (which is located on the corner of 123rd St. and Greenwood Avenue)(Currently inactive)
*Blue Island Community High School → Eisenhower Freshman Campus → Everett Kerr School

Other public schools include:
*Everett F. Kerr Middle School – 12915 S. Maple Ave. Serving grades 6–8
*Greenbriar School – 12015 S. Maple Ave. Serving students in alternative placement, grades 1–8
*Greenwood School – 12418 Highland Ave Presently used as a parent education and training site
*Horace Mann – 2975 W. Broadway Serving students in pre-K 
*Lincoln Elementary School – 2140 W. Broadway St. Serving students in grades K–3
*Paul Revere Intermediate School – 12331 S. Gregory St. Serving students in grades 4–6
*Paul Revere Primary School – 2300 W. 123rd Pl. Serving students in grades K–3
*Veteran's Memorial Middle School – 12320 S. Greenwood Serving grades 6–8
*Whittier Elementary School – 13043 S. Maple Serving students in grades 4–6

Private elementary and middle schools include:
* St. Benedict School – 2324 W. New St.
* St. Donatus – inactive

=== High schools ===
The public high school is:
*[[Dwight D. Eisenhower High School (Blue Island, Illinois)|Dwight D. Eisenhower High School]] – 12700 S. Sacramento Ave.

In 1903, a high school district, separate from District 130 was voted into law by the IL state legislature. For many years (at least until 1938), the superintendent of the high school district was the same for District 130; their school boundaries being virtually identical (the only difference being the inclusion of a cemetery in the high school district!). In August 1927, the Blue Island Community High School District 218 was established.<ref name="ReferenceA">Blue Island: The First 100 Years by John Henry Volp</ref> In 1916, there were 250 pupils at Seymour School who were following the high school curriculum. By 1927, the population had grown to 428 pupils despite the fact that the school was built to accommodate 250 students maximum.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

There are no active private high schools in the Blue Island community, although the Mother of Sorrows High School for Girls operated from 1954 through 1983. It was run by sisters from the order of the Servants of Mary ([[Mantellate Sisters|Mantellates]]). There was an attached grade school that served both boys and girls and had a boarding option for students who lived there full time. Most students were boarders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.illinoishsglorydays.com/id683.html|title=Blue Island Mother of Sorrows Catholic High School|access-date=October 4, 2015|archive-date=September 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909210933/http://www.illinoishsglorydays.com/id683.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Higher education ===
*[[Moraine Valley Community College]] – 12940 S. Western Ave.

=== Special education ===
Public schools include:
*Able Program, Garfield School – 13801 S. Chatham St.
*Academy for Learning – 13813 S. Western Ave.

Private schools include:
*Blue Cap School – 2155 W. Broadway St. The keynote speaker for the dedication of Blue Cap in October 1967 was then-Senator [[Charles H. Percy]].

==Infrastructure==
=== Transportation ===
[[File:PULLMAN07.jpg|thumb|right|The Rock Island Depot at Vermont Street during the riots of June 29, 1894]]
[[File:Blue Island railroad bridges.jpg|thumb|right|The bridges shown here span the [[Calumet River|Calumet Sag Channel]] and are included in the [[Heritage Documentation Programs|Historic American Engineering Record]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.il0731 |title=Calumet-Sag Channel Bridges, Calumet-Sag Channel, Blue Island vicinity, Cook, IL |publisher=The Library of Congress – The Historic American Buildings Survey |access-date=2012-10-27}}</ref>]]

====Public transportation====
The city is a hub for [[Metra]] trains, with six stations, four of them along the [[Rock Island District]] line: [[119th Street station|119th Street]], [[123rd Street station|123rd Street]], [[Prairie Street (Metra)|Prairie Street]], and [[Blue Island–Vermont Street station|Vermont Street]].

The Rock Island District line splits at [[Auburn Gresham, Chicago|Gresham]], northeast of Blue Island, and the branch, known alternately as the "Beverly", "Blue Island", or "Suburban" branch, serves the Chicago communities of Gresham, [[Beverly, Chicago|Beverly Hills]], and [[Morgan Park, Chicago|Morgan Park]]. The Rock Island District uses the stations in Blue Island between 119th Street to the north and Vermont Street, where the tracks rejoin the main line, to the south. The branch line was built in 1888 as a result of efforts by the Blue Island Land and Building Company to promote its interests in what was to become the town, and eventually, the Chicago neighborhood of Morgan Park.<ref>{{cite book | last = Bianculli | first = Anthony J. | title = Trains and Technology: The American Railroad in the Nineteenth Century : Track and Structures | publisher = The University of Delaware Press | year = 2003 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7T3qECx0CLUC&q=%22blue+island+land+and+building+company%22&pg=PA25 | access-date = 2010-12-11 | isbn = 0-87413-802-7}}</ref>

The Vermont Street station—which is one of the oldest in the Metra network, having been built in 1868<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blueisland.org/historic/landmark-tour/40-rock/|title=Rock Island Vermont Street Depot|author=jason|date=24 October 2009|publisher=City of Blue Island}}</ref>—is across the street from the fifth station, which serves as the terminus of a [[Blue Island (Metra)|Metra Electric]] (formerly the [[Illinois Central Railroad|Illinois Central]]) spur line.<ref>{{cite web |author = Curt Teich & Co. |author2=North Suburban Library System | title = I.C. Depot, Blue Island, IL | publisher = Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL | year = 1904 | url = http://www.digitalpast.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/lakecoun004&CISOPTR=5036&REC=7 | access-date = 2009-02-16}}</ref> This depot was witness to national history in a series of events that began on June 29, 1894, when rioting broke out in the Blue Island yards of the [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad]] after an appearance by the president of the [[American Railway Union]], [[Eugene Debs]], who had given a speech that day in support of the striking workers of the [[Pullman Palace Car Company]] in [[Pullman, Illinois]], four miles (6&nbsp;km) to the east. During the riot several buildings were set on fire and a locomotive was knocked off the tracks. After numerous incidents in Blue Island and elsewhere that continued through July 2, President [[Grover Cleveland]] responded by sending federal troops to Illinois to maintain the peace and to ensure the safe delivery of the mail. Troops arrived in Blue Island on July 4 and remained for several days.<ref>[http://www.oah.org/pubs/magazine/labor/bassett.pdf The Organization of American Historians – The Pullman Strike of 1894.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127224133/http://www.oah.org/pubs/magazine/labor/bassett.pdf |date=November 27, 2010 }} Retrieved 5/10/2010</ref> The sixth station, also on the electric line, is a half mile north on [[Burr Oak (Metra)|Burr Oak Avenue]] (127th Street) and Lincoln Avenue.

Blue Island is also served by [[Pace (transit)|Pace Suburban Bus]].<ref>[http://www.pacebus.com/ Pace Suburban Bus] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907184905/http://www.pacebus.com/ |date=September 7, 2008 }}</ref>

====Other transportation====
Blue Island is {{convert|34|mi}} from [[O'Hare International Airport]] and {{convert|12.5|mi}} from [[Midway International Airport]]. It is located a half mile west of [[Interstate 57]], one and a half miles east of the [[Tri-State Tollway]], and is bisected by [[Western Avenue (Chicago)|Western Avenue]], which in Blue Island is part of the historic [[Dixie Highway]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Wright | first = James R. | title = Images of America – The Dixie Highway in Illinois | publisher = Arcadia Publishing | year = 2009 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cMixJ5SOEYEC&q=%22DIXIE%20HIGHWAY%22%20%22BLUE%20ISLAND%22&pg=PA28 | access-date = 2009-12-08 | isbn = 978-0-7385-6002-1}}</ref> that in its heyday connected Chicago with [[Miami]], Florida.

=== Public library ===
[[File:Carnegie Blue Island.jpg|thumb|right|Carnegie Library in Blue Island, built 1903, demolished 1969<ref>{{Cite book | last = Hasbrouk | first = Wilburt R. | title = The Chicago Architectural Club | publisher = Monacelli  | year = 2005 | location = New York | pages = 92 | isbn = 978-1-58093-144-1}}</ref>]]

A [[lending library]] has been in existence in some form or another in Blue Island since about 1845, when Thomas McClintock began to make his private library of about 100 volumes available to the public for a nominal fee. The founding of the library as a publicly supported institution dates to 1854, when the library's collection, which at this time numbered around 800 volumes, was housed in the new Whittier School building on Vermont Street. The library expanded again in 1890 when the Current Topics Club, predecessor to the Blue Island Woman's Club, opened a small reading room above Edward Seyfarth's hardware store on Western Avenue with a collection of about 1,500 books and various [[Periodical literature|periodicals]] which were acquired with funds that were donated by the community through public subscription. Except for what was in the hands of patrons, this library's collection was destroyed by the Great Blue Island Fire of 1896.

The public library as a taxpayer-supported institution was founded in 1897, and the first building built in Blue Island expressly for the purpose of housing the library's collection (by this time up to 3,200 volumes) was made possible by a matching grant of $15,000 ({{inflation|US|15000|1903|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) provided by [[Carnegie library|Andrew Carnegie]] in 1903. This building was demolished in 1969 when the current library, which opened housing the library's collection of over 70,000 volumes, was built. Today, the Blue Island Public Library provides a host of services, including multi-language reading materials, computers with internet access, public meeting rooms and a wide variety of educational programs.
The library is a member of the [[Reaching Across Illinois Library System]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.librarylearning.info/libraries/building.aspx?buildingID=72990 | title=L2 &#91;Library Learning&#93; Blue Island Public Library}}</ref> and is host to the Blue Island Historical Society's award-winning Museum Room.

=== Health care ===
{{Update inline|date=August 2021}}[[File:St Francis Hospital Blue Island IL.JPG|thumb|St. Francis Hospital, 1909]]

Blue Island was for many years home to St. Francis Hospital and its successor MetroSouth Medical Center, long nationally recognized as one of the nation's premier [[circulatory system|cardiovascular]] [[primary care]] centers.<ref>[http://metrosouthmedicalcenter.org/ MetroSouth Medical Center] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103162158/http://metrosouthmedicalcenter.org/ |date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref> The hospital was founded as Saint Francis Hospital in 1905 by the Sisters of St. Mary (currently the [[Franciscan Sisters of Mary]]). They had purchased the home of the late Ernst Uhlich in 1905 for $30,000 ({{inflation|US|30000|1905|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) and updated its systems to outfit the building for its new purpose. At the time, this section of Gregory Street was lined with churches and the homes of some of Blue Island's more prosperous citizens. The facility was outgrown immediately, and within a few weeks of opening plans were being drawn up to add additional rooms and a laundry so that the hospital could accommodate up to 30 patients. A major addition was added in 1916,<ref>{{cite web | author = Curt Teich & Co. |author2=North Suburban Library System | title = St. Francis Hospital, Blue Island, Illinois | publisher = Aero Distributing Co., Chicago, IL | year = 1921 | url = http://www.digitalpast.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/lakecoun004&CISOPTR=5047&REC=12 | access-date = 2009-02-24}}</ref> at which time the house was converted to office space. It was demolished in 1948 to allow room for the next addition.

The Sisters of St. Mary relinquished ownership of the facility to MetroSouth Medical Center on July 30, 2008.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-st-francis_31jul31,0,6798618.story | newspaper=Chicago Tribune | title=Topic Galleries}}</ref> In 2014, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked MetroSouth as one among the top 25 percent of hospitals in the Chicago metropolitan region and among the top 15 percent in the state of Illinois.<ref>{{cite magazine | last = U.S. News & World Report | title = Health – Best Hospitals in Illinois | magazine = U.S. News & World Report | year = 2012 | url = http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/il?page=4 | access-date = 2014-07-21}}</ref>
Citing "low patient volume" the hospital was closed in 2019.

The campus of the former hospital occupies about {{convert|12|acre|m2}} in the heart of Blue Island's uptown commercial business district.

==Notable people==
<!-- Note:
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
· Alphabetical by last name please
-->
* [[Marcheline Bertrand]], actress, mother of [[Angelina Jolie]], born in Blue Island
* [[Gary Bettenhausen]], 1980 & 1983 [[USAC Silver Crown Series]] Champion, was born in Blue Island.
* [[Peter Brown (singer)|Peter Brown]], singer-songwriter and performer, co-wrote [[Madonna]]'s song "[[Material Girl]]"; born in Blue Island<ref>[http://www.disco-disco.com/tributes/peter.shtml This is a tribute to Peter Brown, THE Artist, Writer and Producer], retrieved 4/22/2010</ref>
* [[Danny Clark (American football)|Danny Clark]], NFL linebacker 2000–10; born in Blue Island
* [[Kris Cooke]], Arena Football League player, was born in Blue Island
* [[Joe Day (ice hockey)|Joe Day]], retired ice hockey center
* [[John Franklin (actor)|John Franklin]], actor and writer<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0291463/ IMDb – John Franklin], retrieved 4/22/2010</ref>
* [[Bobby Frasor]], basketball player for [[North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball|North Carolina]]'s 2009 NCAA champions, was born in Blue Island
* [[Curtis Granderson]], outfielder for [[Detroit Tigers]], [[New York Yankees]], [[New York Mets]], [[Los Angeles Dodgers]], and [[Toronto Blue Jays]]; three-time All-Star, was born in Blue Island
* [[Marty Grebb]], musician<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.barnesandnoble.com/c/martin-grebb/2733565 | title = Martin Greb | publisher = and Noble | access-date = 2014-01-25}}</ref>
* [[Helen L. Koch]], developmental psychologist who studied characteristics of twin and non-twin siblings<ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to the Helen Lois Koch Papers 1919–1972|url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.KOCH|website=www.lib.uchicago.edu|access-date=March 24, 2017|language=en}}</ref>  
* [[Don Kolloway]], Major League Baseball infielder for [[Chicago White Sox]], [[Detroit Tigers]]
* [[Ted Leverenz]], Illinois businessman and state legislator
* [[Tony Lovato]], musician in band [[Mest]]{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
* [[Pete Lovrich]], Major League Baseball pitcher
* [[Douglas A. Melton]], professor and [[stem cell]] research scientist at [[Harvard University]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=FitzPatrick |first=Lauren |title=Time Will Tell - Scientist from Blue Island honored by ''Time'' |journal=SouthtownStar |volume=37 |date=June 3, 2007 |page=a3 }}</ref> who [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] magazine in 2007 included as one of the "...100 men and women whose power, talent or moral example is transforming the world."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1595329_1616837,00.html/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211184702/http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1595329_1616837,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 11, 2013 |title=The 2007 Time 100 - Scientists and Thinkers - Douglas Melton |magazine= [[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref>
* [[Joe Moeller]], Major League Baseball pitcher for [[Los Angeles Dodgers]], was born in Blue Island
* [[Rob Ninkovich]], defensive end for [[New England Patriots]], two-time Super Bowl champion, was born in Blue Island
* [[Romie J. Palmer]], jurist and legislator
* [[Christian Picciolini]], author, Emmy Award winner, social justice activist
* [[Bob Pronger]], [[NASCAR Cup Series]] driver and [[Chicago Outfit]] associate, was born & raised in Blue Island.
* [[La Julia Rhea]] (1898–1992), first black performer to star in the title role of a major opera company, in 1937<ref name="Spears 9"/>
* [[Rick Rizzs]], Major League Baseball commentator for [[Seattle Mariners]], grew up in Blue Island
* [[Ronald Rotunda]], noted Constitutional scholar, Assistant Majority Counsel for the [[United States Senate Watergate Committee|Senate Watergate Committee]], and Senior Fellow at the [[Cato Institute]], grew up in Blue Island.
* [[Eugene Rousseau (saxophonist)|Eugene Rousseau]], saxophonist, was born in Blue Island
* [[Robert A. Schuller]], televangelist, former minister on the ''[[Hour of Power]]'' TV show at the [[Crystal Cathedral]], was born in Blue Island<ref>[http://www.crystalcathedral.org/hour_of_power/index.php The Crystal Cathedral – Hour of Power] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205095909/http://www.crystalcathedral.org/hour_of_power/index.php |date=December 5, 2008 }}</ref>
* [[Robert Seyfarth|Robert E. Seyfarth]], early 20th century architect<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blueisland.org/historic/landmark-tour/18-seyfarth/|title=Robert Seyfarth House|author=jason|date=15 October 2009|publisher=City of Blue Island}}</ref>
* [[Gary Sinise]], actor, director, and musician
* [[Del Staecker]], author
* [[Tom Toth]], NFL player, was born in Blue Island
* [[George "Babe" Tuffanelli]], mafia boss
* [[Steve Wojciechowski (baseball)|Steve Wojciechowski]], MLB pitcher for [[Oakland Athletics]], was born in Blue Island
* [[Anthony E. Zuiker]], creator of TV series ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|CSI]]'', was born in Blue Island
* [[Chip Z'nuff]], bassist and frontman of rock band [[Enuff Z'Nuff]], raised and still resides in Blue Island<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/03/12/the-legends-of-blue-island/|title=The Legends Of Blue Island|work=tribunedigital-chicagotribune|access-date=2018-05-30|language=en}}</ref>
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· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
· Alphabetical by last name please
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==In popular culture==
=== Writers and literature ===
[[File:Massey House Blue Island August Fiedler.png|thumb|A [[Shingle Style]] house in Blue Island's "Silk Stocking" district by the architect August Fiedler, circa 1890.<ref>From the architect's drawings</ref>]]

Over the years, Blue Island has provided the setting for the works of at least a couple of writers. In 1935, for example, the Chicago playwright and [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author [[Margaret Ayer Barnes]] (1886-–1967) wrote the novel ''Edna, His Wife, an American Idyll'', using Blue Island as the first locale of the four that make up her story (the other three being Chicago, [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[New York City]]). The book chronicles the life of the title character who spent her formative years in Blue Island but leaves after she marries, becoming increasingly unhappy as she leads a more sophisticated life elsewhere while "...remain[ing] a Blue Island girl at heart." The book was later adapted into a one-woman play by [[Cornelia Otis Skinner]], and her opening night performance of it at the [[Harris and Selwyn Theaters|Harris Theater]] was enthusiastically received by Chicago society, which was pleased to "...have a chance to see a Chicago play in a Chicago theater..."<ref>{{cite news |last=Collins| first=Charles| title=Miss Skinner Tells a Novel in Monologs – Edna His Wife| newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=January 18, 1938 | pages=13}}</ref>

Twelve years later, ''Gus the Great'', the [[Book of the Month Club]] selection for September 1947, was published. The book was a runaway best seller, and its author, [[Thomas William Duncan|Thomas W. Duncan]], is reputed to have earned $250,000 ({{inflation|US|250000|1947|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) in royalties from it, including $100,000 ({{inflation|US|100000|1947|r=-3|fmt=eq}}) from Universal Studios for the movie rights. It is the story of the life and adventures of Gus Burgoyne, a circus owner of questionable character.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798192,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615031049/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798192,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 15, 2009|title=Books: Fool's Paradise Lost|date=22 September 1947|magazine=Time}}</ref> Duncan was a college friend of Hill Lakin, the editor of the Blue Island ''Sun-Standard'', and, after a visit to the town's industrial section, he was inspired to use it for several scenes for his book.

=== Music ===
[[File:Blue Island Blues.JPG|thumb|right|Sheet music cover for "Blue Island Blues", 1923, featuring Jack Chapman and his [[Drake Hotel (Chicago)|Drake Hotel]] Orchestra]]

Because of the wide popularity of performers such as [[W. C. Handy]], the [[blues]] became a popular musical genre during the [[Roaring Twenties]]. It is not surprising, then, that when [[Wendell Hall]], Harry Geise and Emory O'Hara were looking for a title for their 1923 composition, they hit upon the name "Blue Island Blues"<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/jukebox/recordings/detail/id/9540/ Library of Congress – National Jukebox – "Blue Island Blues"]. Retrieved 9/27/2011</ref> The sheet music for it was published that year by Waterson, Berlin & Snyder Co. Described by ''[[The New York Times]]'' art critic John S. Wilson as a "striking and colorful original composition",<ref>{{cite news| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D07EFDF1731F932A1575BC0A967948260&scp=2&sq=%22blue+island+blues%22&st=nyt | newspaper=The New York Times | first=John S. | last=Wilson | title=Jazz: George Shearing | date=August 21, 1981}}</ref> it is a plaintive love song about a man who is missing his girl and "...has a ticket to Chicago..." that will be used to help him "...&nbsp;lose – those Yesterday's – Blue Island Blues". It was performed in 1923 by Hall with The Virginians on the [[Victor Talking Machine Company]] (now [[RCA Records]]) record label and again in 1929 by [[Tiny Parham]]. An instrumental version is currently available on the CD by [[George Shearing]] and [[Brian Torff]] entitled ''Lullaby of Birdland: Blues Alley Jazz/On a Clear Day'' which was released by [[Concord Records]] in 2000.

=== Television and film ===
[[File:United Breweries 1911.jpg|thumb|right|Layout of the United Breweries facilities]]
This layout is from a 1911 Sanborn map<ref>{{cite book |title= Sanborn Map Company – Insurance Maps of Chicago, Illinois, Volume Eleven |year= 1911|publisher= The Sanborn Map Company|location= New York|page= sheet 27 }}</ref> Founded in 1856 as the Busch and Brandt brewery<ref name="The First Hundred Years – 1835–1935"/>{{rp|48}} and consolidated with United Breweries in 1898,<ref>{{cite news | title=United Breweries' Bond In – Isador Baumgarth Gives Formal Notice of the Consolidation of Thirteen Concerns| newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=August 23, 1898| pages=3}}</ref> this was one of four such establishments that operated in Blue Island for many years. The long narrow building marked "Stable in Bst" was afterwards owned by the Klein Elevator Co., who used it until c.1990, at which time it was demolished.

Because of its picturesque nature, Blue Island has been used for [[Filming location|location shots]] in several movies and television series:
* Scenes from the 1987 film ''[[Light of Day]]'', starring [[Michael J. Fox]], were filmed there, including the scenes at the arcade "The Video Zone," which. for many years after filming was completed, served as a Big Boy submarine sandwich shop until it was demolished in June 2009.
* Scenes from the 2006 [[Paramount Pictures]] film ''[[Flags of Our Fathers (film)|Flags of Our Fathers]]'', directed by [[Clint Eastwood]], were filmed in Blue Island.
* Scenes from the 2008 [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]] film ''[[The Express: The Ernie Davis Story]]'', the story of [[Ernie Davis]], who was the first black football player to win the [[Heisman Trophy]], were also filmed here.
* Scenes from the 2008 film [[The Lucky Ones (film)|''The Lucky Ones'']] were filmed in Blue Island.
* On October 21, 2010, leaves were plucked from trees and artificial snow fell as [[New Line Cinema]] prepared to film exterior shots for the film ''[[The Rite (2011 film)|The Rite]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title = Movie Filming in Blue Island! | publisher = The City of Blue Island | date = October 20, 2010 | url = http://www.blueisland.org/category/news/page/2/ | access-date =2011-02-06}}</ref>

Blue Island also appeared regularly in the television show ''[[Cupid (TV series)|Cupid]]'', and two episodes of the TV series ''[[Early Edition]]'' were filmed there.

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Further reading ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |author=Jebsen, Harry A. |title=Blue Island, Illinois: The History of a Working Class Suburb |publisher=University Microfilms, International |location=Ann Arbor|year=1971 }}
* {{cite book |author=Jellema, Kenneth A. |title=The City on the Hill – An Historical Tour |publisher=The Blue Island Historical Society|location=Blue Island|year=1989 }}
* {{cite book |author=The Lions Club of Blue Island|title=The Blue Island Story – an Historical Review of the First One Hundred and Twenty-Seven Years of our City on the Hill, Blue Island, Illinois |publisher=The Blue Island Publishing Corporation|location=Blue Island|year=1962 |oclc=9159485 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://beta.worldcat.org/archivegrid/collection/data/270784489 |title=Southern Cook County and History of Blue Island before the Civil War |last= Schapper |first= Ferdinand |year= 1917 |publisher= Manuscript |location= Chicago History Museum |access-date=April 25, 2017}}
* {{cite book |author=Schapper, Ferdinand|title=The Early settlers and their Families, Volume 2|publisher=Manuscript|location=Blue Island|year=1917 }}
* {{cite book |author=Schapper, Ferdinand|title=Views of Blue Island, Index of early Settlers, their Families, etc., Volume 3|publisher=Manuscript|location=Blue Island|year=1917 }}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n7ORPQAACAAJ&q=The+First+Hundred+Years+-+1835%E2%80%931935,+an+Historical+Review+of+Blue+Island,+Illinois |title=The First Hundred Years – 1835–1935, an Historical Review of Blue Island, Illinois |last=Volp |first=John Henry |year=1938 |publisher=Blue Island Publishing |location=Blue Island |access-date=April 25, 2017}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Blue Island, Illinois}}
* {{Official website|http://www.blueisland.org/ }}
* [https://bihistoricalsociety.org/ Blue Island Historical Society]

{{Cook County, Illinois}}
{{Chicagoland}}
{{Geographic Location
|Center=Blue Island
|Northwest=[[Mount Greenwood, Chicago]]
|North=[[Washington Heights, Chicago]]
|Northeast=[[West Pullman, Chicago]]
|East=[[Calumet Park]]
|Southeast=[[Riverdale, Chicago|Riverdale]]
|South=[[Posen, Illinois|Posen]]
|Southwest=[[Robbins, Illinois|Robbins]]
}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Blue Island, Illinois| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1836]]
[[Category:Cities in Illinois]]
[[Category:Chicago metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Cities in Cook County, Illinois]]
[[Category:1836 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Majority-minority cities and towns in Cook County, Illinois]]