Editing Bienville Parish, Louisiana

{{short description|Parish in Louisiana, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Bienville Parish, Louisiana
| official_name           = Parish of Bienville
| native_name             = <!-- if different from the English name -->
| native_name_lang        = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = [[List of parishes in Louisiana|Parish]]
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| image_skyline           = New Bienville Parish, LA, Courthouse IMG_8329.JPG
| imagesize               = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = The new Bienville Parish Courthouse building in Arcadia is located to the north of [[Interstate 20]].
| image_flag              = [[File:Flag of Bienville Parish, Louisiana.svg|200px]]
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| image_map               = Map of Louisiana highlighting Bienville Parish.svg
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| map_caption             = Location within the U.S. state of [[Louisiana]]
| image_map1              = Louisiana in United States.svg
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| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1       = State
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Louisiana}}
| subdivision_type2       = Region
| subdivision_name2       = [[North Louisiana]]
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| established_title       = Founded
| established_date        = {{Start date and age|1848|3|14}}
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| founder                 = 
| named_for               = [[Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville]]
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| seat_type               = [[County seat|Parish seat]]
| seat                    = [[Arcadia, Louisiana|Arcadia]]
| seat1_type              = Largest municipality
| seat1                   = [[Bienville, Louisiana|Bienville]] (area)<br/ >Arcadia (population)
| parts_type               = Incorporated municipalities
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| parts                    = 10 (total)
| p1                       = 4 towns and 6 villages
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| area_total_sq_mi        = 822
| area_total_ha           = 
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| area_land_sq_mi         = 811
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| area_water_sq_mi        = 11
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| population_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_as_of        = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_total        = 12981 
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| area_code               = [[Area code 318|318]]
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| website                 = {{URL|http://www.bienvilleparish.org|Bienville Parish Government}}
| module                  = 
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}}

'''Bienville Parish''' ({{langx|fr|link=no|Paroisse de Bienville}}, {{IPA|fr|paʁwas də bjɛ̃vil|pron}}) is a [[List of parishes in Louisiana|parish]] located in the northwestern portion of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Louisiana]]. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 12,981.<ref>{{cite web |title=Census - Geography Profile |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US22013 |website=archive.ph |access-date=January 13, 2022 |date=January 13, 2022 |archive-date=January 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220113154910/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US22013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[parish seat]] and most populous municipality is [[Arcadia, Louisiana|Arcadia]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>

The highest natural point in Louisiana, a hill known as [[Driskill Mountain|Mt. Driskill]], {{convert|535|ft|m}} in elevation, is located in north central Bienville Parish. The mountain is located on private land with public access by walking trail. It is named for James Christopher Driskill, a 19th-century landowner. Nearby is Jordan Mountain, with an elevation of {{convert|493|ft|m}}.

==History==

In the 1830s, Ruben Drake moved his family from [[South Carolina]] to what he named Mount Lebanon, the first permanent settlement in the parish. As the Drakes were devout [[Baptist]]s, they established a church and school, which evolved into Mount Lebanon University, the forerunner of [[Louisiana Christian University]] in [[Pineville, Louisiana|Pineville]] in [[Rapides Parish, Louisiana|Rapides Parish]] in [[Central Louisiana]].<ref name="Dison 7">{{cite book|last=Dison|first=Benjamin Brad|title=Bienville Parish (Images of America)|date=May 26, 2014|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1467111911|page=7}}</ref>

[[Bonnie and Clyde]] were shot dead in Bienville Parish on May 23, 1934.

== Geography ==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the parish has a total area of {{convert|822|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|811|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|11|sqmi}} (1.3%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_22.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928155956/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_22.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 20, 2014 |date=August 22, 2012 |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files }}</ref>  The highest natural point in Louisiana, Driskill Mountain (535&nbsp;ft), is located in Bienville Parish. Driskill Mountain is {{convert|11|mi|km}} south of Arcadia at Latitude 32 degree, 25 minutes North; Longitude 92 degree 54 minutes West.

===Major highways===

===Interstates===
*[[Image:I-20.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 20]]
*[[Image:US 80.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Highway 80]]
*[[Image:US 371.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Highway 371]]
*[[Image:Louisiana 4 (2008).svg|20px]] [[Louisiana Highway 4]]
*[[Image:Louisiana 9 (2008).svg|20px]] [[Louisiana Highway 9]]

===Adjacent parishes===
* [[Claiborne Parish, Louisiana|Claiborne Parish]]  (north)
* [[Lincoln Parish, Louisiana|Lincoln Parish]]  (northeast)
* [[Jackson Parish, Louisiana|Jackson Parish]]  (east)
* [[Winn Parish, Louisiana|Winn Parish]]  (southeast)
* [[Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana|Natchitoches Parish]]  (south)
* [[Red River Parish, Louisiana|Red River Parish]]  (southwest)
* [[Bossier Parish, Louisiana|Bossier Parish]]  (west)
* [[Webster Parish, Louisiana|Webster Parish]]  (northwest)

==Communities==
===Towns===
*[[Arcadia, Louisiana|Arcadia]] (parish seat and largest municipality)
*[[Gibsland, Louisiana|Gibsland]]
*[[Mount Lebanon, Louisiana|Mount Lebanon]]
*[[Ringgold, Louisiana|Ringgold]]

=== Villages ===
*[[Bienville, Louisiana|Bienville]]
*[[Bryceland, Louisiana|Bryceland]]
*[[Castor, Louisiana|Castor]]
*[[Jamestown, Louisiana|Jamestown]]
*[[Lucky, Louisiana|Lucky]]
*[[Saline, Louisiana|Saline]]

=== Unincorporated communities ===
*[[Brown, Louisiana|Brown]]
*[[Fryeburg, Louisiana|Fryeburg]]
*[[Roy, Louisiana|Roy]]
*[[Sparta, Louisiana|Sparta]]
*[[Taylor, Louisiana|Taylor]]

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 5539
|1860= 11000
|1870= 10636
|1880= 10442
|1890= 14108
|1900= 17588
|1910= 21776
|1920= 20977
|1930= 23789
|1940= 23933
|1950= 19105
|1960= 16726
|1970= 16024
|1980= 16387
|1990= 15979
|2000= 15752
|2010= 14353
|2020= 12981 
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/la190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 20, 2014}}</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+Bienville Parish racial composition as of 2020<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US22013&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 29, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 6,901
| 53.16%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 5,273
| 40.62%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 61
| 0.47%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 21
| 0.16%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
| 5
| 0.04%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 509
| 3.92%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 211
| 1.63%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 12,981 people, 5,812 households, and 3,586 families residing in the parish. At the census of 2000, there were 15,752 people, 6,108 households, and 4,214 families residing in the parish.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website  }}</ref> The population density was {{convert|19|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 7,830 housing units at an average density of {{convert|10|/mi2|/km2|}}.

In 2000, the racial makeup of the parish was 54.92% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 43.78% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.27% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.15% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.32% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.55% from two or more races. 0.95% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the racial makeup was 53.16% non-Hispanic white, 40.62% Black or African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.92% multiracial, and 1.63% Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref name=":0" />

At the 2000 census, were 6,108 households, out of which 31.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.70% were married couples living together, 17.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.00% were non-families. 28.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.09.

A tabulated 27.30% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.00% were 18 to 24, 24.60% were 25 to 44, 22.50% were 45 to 64, and 17.60% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 91.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.80 males. The median income for a household in the parish was $23,663, and the median income for a family was $30,241. Males had a median income of $28,022 versus $18,682 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $12,471. About 21.80% of families and 26.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.00% of those under age 18 and 23.20% of those age 65 or over.

==Politics==
{{PresHead|place=Bienville Parish, Louisiana|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 7, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|3,660|2,531|65|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|3,891|3,067|92|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|3,756|3,129|120|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|3,641|3,490|72|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|3,776|3,589|65|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|3,612|3,399|146|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|3,269|3,413|324|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|2,402|4,335|647|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|2,412|3,899|1,121|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|3,680|3,705|152|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|4,587|3,530|109|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|3,508|4,123|139|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|2,499|3,402|110|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|3,384|1,890|463|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1968|American Independent|941|1,768|3,466|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1964|Republican|3,740|855|0|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1960|Dixiecrat|1,230|625|1,693|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|1,515|815|770|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|1,986|1,754|0|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1948|Dixiecrat|191|421|2,365|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|705|1,801|0|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|362|2,883|1|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|213|2,593|1|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|41|2,671|1|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|367|1,301|0|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|67|774|3|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|257|1,419|28|Louisiana}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|20|1,229|5|Louisiana}}
{{PresFoot|1912|Democratic|8|822|175|Louisiana}}

==Education==
The [[Bienville Parish School Board]] operates area [[Public school (government funded)|public schools]].

==Notable people==
{{more citations needed section||date=May 2020}}
* [[Henry Newton Brown Jr.]], judge of the Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeals (1992-2012) and district attorney of Bossier and Webster parishes (1976-1991), was born in Bienville Parish in 1941.
* [[Dee Brown (writer)|Dee Brown]], author of [[Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee]], born in Alberta. 
* [[Bill DeMott]], a professional [[wrestler]], maintains a house in Bienville Parish.
* [[Caroline Dormon]] (1888–1971), a Louisiana [[botanist]] and [[Environmentalist|preservationist]], grew up in Bienville Parish.
* [[Jamie Fair]], member of the [[Louisiana State Legislature|Louisiana House of Representatives]] from 1980 to 1984
* [[Charlie Hennigan]], [[American Football League]] player from the 1960s
* [[Henderson Jordan (Louisiana sheriff)|Henderson Jordan]] (1896–1958), sheriff of Bienville Parish, 1932–1940; participated in the ambush and killing of [[Bonnie and Clyde]] on May 23, 1934; interred at Arcadia Cemetery
* [[Billy McCormack (Louisiana pastor)|Billy McCormack]] (1928-2012), Baptist pastor from [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], director and vice president of the [[Christian Coalition of America]], was born in Bienville Parish and is interred at Ringgold.
* [[Garnie W. McGinty]] (1900–1984), Louisiana historian
* [[Danny Roy Moore]] (1925–c. 2020), represented Claiborne and Bienville parishes in the Louisiana Senate from 1964 to 1968; resided in Arcadia
* [[Prentiss Oakley]] (1905–1957), one of six law-enforcement officials involved in the ambush and killing of Bonnie and Clyde; sheriff, 1940–1952
* [[W. C. Robinson (Louisiana educator)|W. C. Robinson]], mathematics professor and second president of Louisiana Tech for the 1899 to 1900 academic year; Robinson Hall on campus is named in his honor; from the Mount Lebanon community.<ref>''[[Ruston Daily Leader]]'', October 11, 1933, p. 20</ref>
* [[Lee Smith (baseball)|Lee Smith]], pitcher
* [[Sam Smith (Washington)|Sam Smith]] (1922-1995), Member of the [[Washington House of Representatives]] was born in Gibsland.
* [[Jesse N. Stone]], president of the [[Southern University System]] from 1974 to 1985; [[civil rights]] activist
* [[Marshall H. Twitchell]], [[Reconstruction era in the United States|Reconstruction]] era state senator who helped to establish [[Coushatta, Louisiana|Coushatta]], the seat of neighboring Red River Parish
* [[Rush Wimberly]], former member of both houses of the Louisiana legislature, lawyer in Arcadia and [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/caddo/bios/wimberly.txt|title=Joseph Rush Wimberly, I|publisher=usgwarchives.net|access-date=June 22, 2013}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Bienville Parish, Louisiana]]

{{Portal|United States}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.bienvilleparish.org/ Official webpage for Bienville Parish]

{{Geographic Location
| Centre    = Bienville Parish, Louisiana
| North     = [[Claiborne Parish, Louisiana|Claiborne Parish]]
| Northeast = [[Lincoln Parish, Louisiana|Lincoln Parish]]
| East      = [[Jackson Parish, Louisiana|Jackson Parish]]
| Southeast = [[Winn Parish, Louisiana|Winn Parish]]
| South     = [[Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana|Natchitoches Parish]]
| Southwest = [[Red River Parish, Louisiana|Red River Parish]]
| West      = [[Bossier Parish, Louisiana|Bossier Parish]]
| Northwest = [[Webster Parish, Louisiana|Webster Parish]]
}}

{{Bienville Parish, Louisiana}}
{{Louisiana parishes}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|32.35|-93.06|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-LA_source:UScensus1990}}

[[Category:Bienville Parish, Louisiana| ]]
[[Category:Louisiana parishes]]
[[Category:1848 establishments in Louisiana]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1848]]