Editing Bichon Frisé

{{Short description|Dog breed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox dog breed
| name          = Bichon Frisé
| image         = Bichon Frisé - studdogbichon.jpg
| image_alt     =
| image_caption =
| altname       = {{unbulleted list |{{lang|es|Bichón Tenerife}} |{{lang|fr|Bichon à poil frisé}} }}
| nickname      =
| country       = {{unbulleted list |[[Canary Islands]] <small>([[Spain]])</small> |[[Belgium]]/[[France]] <small>(later development)</small>}}
| weight        =
| maleweight    =
| femaleweight  =
| height        = 
| maleheight    = {{right|{{convert|25|-|30|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}}}
| femaleheight  = {{right|{{convert|23|-|29|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}}}
| coat          = medium length, silky, texture with corkscrew curls
| colour        = white
| litter_size   = 
| life_span     = 12.5 years
<!-----Kennel club standards----->
| kc_name       = [[Société Royale Saint-Hubert]]
| kc_std        = https://www.srsh.be/les-races/details-de-la-race/bid/4623970d-4fe9-e611-8105-70106fa6d831
| kc2_name      = [[Société Centrale Canine]]
| kc2_std       = https://www.centrale-canine.fr/le-chien-de-race/bichon-poil-frise
| fcistd        = http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/215g09-en.pdf
}}

The '''Bichon Frisé'''{{efn|name= a}} or '''Bichon à Poil Frisé''' is a Franco-Belgian [[list of dog breeds|breed]] of small [[toy dog]] of [[bichon]] [[dog type|type]]. It was recognised by the [[Société Centrale Canine]] in 1933 and by the [[Fédération Cynologique Internationale]] in 1959. 

==Etymology==

The [[French language|French]] word {{lang|fr|bichon}} comes from [[Middle French]] {{lang|frm|bichon}} ('small dog'), a diminutive of [[Old French]] {{lang|fro|biche}} ('female dog', [[cognate]] with English ''bitch''), from [[Old English]] {{lang|ang|bicce}}, and related to other [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] words with the same meaning, including [[Old Norse]] {{lang|non|bikkja}}, and [[German language|German]] {{lang|de|Betze}}.<ref>Auguste Scheler, ''Dictionnaire d'étymologie française d'après les résultats de la science moderne'', "bichon".</ref><ref>Donkin, Diez, ''An etymological dictionary of the Romance languages'', "biche".</ref> Some speculate the origin of {{lang|fr|bichon}} to be the result of the [[Apheresis (linguistics)|apheresis]], or shortening, of the word {{lang|fr|barbichon}} ('small poodle'), a derivative of {{lang|fr|barbiche}} ('shaggy dog'); however, this is likely impossible, since the word {{lang|fr|bichon}} (attested 1588) is older than {{lang|fr|barbichon}} (attested 1694).<ref>Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, "bichon".</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myetymology.com/french/barbiche.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714142246/http://www.myetymology.com/french/barbiche.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=14 July 2011 |title=French etymology of barbiche |publisher=myEtymology.com |access-date=10 October 2012}}</ref> While the English name for the breed, ''Bichon Frise'', is derived from the French {{lang|fr|bichon à poil frisé}} meaning 'curly haired small dog'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/bichon-frise/|title=Bichon Frise Dog Breed Information|website=Akc.org|access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Goya Alba1.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[The White Duchess]]'', painted by [[Francisco Goya|Francisco de Goya]] in 1795, featuring the [[María Cayetana de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba|Duchess of Alba]] and her Bichon<ref>{{Citation|title=María Cayetana de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba|date=2020-12-02|url=https://arthive.com/publications/3743~Love_Story_in_Paintings_Francisco_Goya_and_Mara_Cayetana_de_Silva_the_Duchess_of_Alba|work=Art Hive|language=en|access-date=2020-12-08}}</ref>]]

The dogs found early success in [[Spain]] and it is generally believed that Spanish seamen introduced the early breed to [[Tenerife]] in the [[Canary Islands]]. Their association with European nobility began in the 13th century, entering the royal courts of Spain, Italy and France.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 14, 2021|title=Bichon Frise History: Time's Sociable Survivor|url=https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/the-bichon-frise-historys-sociable-survivor/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=American Kennel Club|language=en}}</ref> In the 14th century, Italian sailors rediscovered the dogs on their voyages and are credited with returning them to continental Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bichon.org/history-of-the-bichon-frise/ |title=History of the Bichon Frise |work=bichon.org |access-date=11 July 2019 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413153046/https://bichon.org/history-of-the-bichon-frise/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Bichon à Poil Frisé was recognised by the [[Société Centrale Canine]] in 1933.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/bichon-frise/detail/#history |title=Bichon Frise Page |work=AKC.org |publisher=[[American Kennel Club]] |date=2012 |access-date=10 October 2012}}</ref> It was definitively accepted by the [[Fédération Cynologique Internationale]] in October 1959.{{r|fci}}

Some of the dogs were brought to the United States in 1955<ref name=akc1>[http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/bichon-frise/#standard "Get to Know the Bichon Frise"], ''The American Kennel Club''. Retrieved 30 April 2014.</ref> and to the United Kingdom in 1973.<ref>{{Cite book|last=James|first=Elizabeth|title=Bichon Frisé: Dog Expert|publisher=Pet Book Publishing Company Ltd.|year=2015|isbn=978-1-906305-74-1|pages=22|language=English}}</ref>

== Appearance ==

The Bichon Frisé is a small dog, standing {{convert|23-30|cm|0|abbr=on}} at the [[withers]] and weighing approximately {{convert|5|kg|0|abbr=on}}, the weight varying in proportion to the height. The skull is rather flat, but may appear rounded; the muzzle tapers only slightly, and constitutes two-fifths of the length of the head. The nose is black, the eyes dark and round.{{r|fci}}

The coat is loosely curled in spirals or corkscrews, with a thick soft undercoat. It is always pure white; only in dogs under a year old may it be slightly tinged with beige, this extending over no more than 10% of the area of the body. The head and legs are proportionate in size to the body.<ref name=fci2>{{cite web |url= http://www.fci.be/uploaded_files/215gb98_en.doc |publisher=[[Fédération Cynologique Internationale]] |work=FCI.be |title=FCI-Standard No. 215: Bichon Frisé (Bichon à poil frisé) |date=11 May 1998 |access-date=20 February 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120831203023/http://www.fci.be/uploaded_files/215gb98_en.doc |archive-date=31 August 2012}}</ref>

==Health==

A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 12.5 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal | last=McMillan | first=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2024-02-01 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=| pmc=10834484 }}</ref>

An American study looking at [[immune-mediated hemolytic anemia]] found a predisposition to the condition in the Bichon Frise, with 9% of cases belonging to the breed despite being 2% of the control population.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Miller | first=Sybille A. | last2=Hohenhaus | first2=Ann E. | last3=Hale | first3=Anne S. | title=Case-control study of blood type, breed, sex, and bacteremia in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia | journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | volume=224 | issue=2 | date=2004-01-01 | issn=0003-1488 | doi=10.2460/javma.2004.224.232 | pages=232–235}}</ref>

A study in the UK found the Bichon Frise to be predisposed to [[gall bladder disease]] (excluding [[gall bladder mucocele]]). The Bichon Frise was found to be 9.26 times more likely to acquire a non-mucocele gall bladder disease than other dogs.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Bandara | first=Y. | last2=Bayton | first2=W. A. | last3=Williams | first3=T. L. | last4=Scase | first4=T. | last5=Bexfield | first5=N. H. | title=Histopathological frequency of canine hepatobiliary disease in the United Kingdom | journal=Journal of Small Animal Practice | volume=62 | issue=9 | date=2021 | issn=0022-4510 | doi=10.1111/jsap.13354 | pages=730–736}}</ref>
{{-}}
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160" style="text-align:left; font-size:94%">
File:Toby the Bichon Frisé.jpg|alt=|Pet trim
File:Honey Dreams Dancer & Sahra.jpg|Show cut
File:16yearoldbichonfrise (cropped).jpg|At sixteen years old
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{notelist | refs=

{{efn|name = a|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|iː|ʃ|ɒ|n|_|ˈ|f|r|iː|z}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|iː|ʃ|ɒ|n|_|f|r|ɪ|ˈ|z|eɪ}}; from {{langx|fr|bichon à poil frisé}}, {{IPA|fr|biʃɔ̃ fʁize}}, meaning 'curly haired dog'}}

}}

== References ==
{{commonscat}}
{{Wiktionary|Bichon Frisé}}
{{reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=fci>[https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/BICHON-FRISE-215.html FCI breeds nomenclature: Bichon à Poil Frisé (215)]. Thuin, Belgium: Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed April 2024.</ref>

}}

{{Toy dogs}}
{{French dogs}}
{{Belgian dogs}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bichon Frise}}
[[Category:FCI breeds]]
[[Category:Companion dogs]]
[[Category:Toy dogs]]
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in the Canary Islands]]
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in Belgium]]
[[Category:Bichon]]