Editing Beta Carinae

{{Short description|Star in the constellation Carina}}
{{Starbox begin
 | name = β Carinae
}}
{{Starbox image
 | image =
{{Location mark
|image=Carina constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=300
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=20|mark_link=β Car
|x=414|y=521
}}
 | caption = Location of β Carinae (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
 | pronounce   = {{IPAc-en|,|m|ai|@|'|p|l|æ|s|I|d|@|s}}<ref name=Kunitzsch/>
 | epoch       = J2000
 | constell    = [[Carina (constellation)|Carina]]
 | ra          = {{RA|09|13|11.97746}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | dec         = {{DEC|−69|43|01.9473}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | appmag_v    = 1.69<ref name=ducati/>
}}
{{Starbox character
 | type        = 
 | class       = A1III<ref name=aj132_1_161/>
 | b-v         = +0.00<ref name=clpl4_99/>
 | u-b         = +0.03<ref name=clpl4_99/>
 | variable    =
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
 | radial_v    = −5.2<ref name=scfs/>
 | prop_mo_ra  = −156.47<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | prop_mo_dec = +108.95<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | parallax    = 28.82
 | p_error     = 0.11
 | parallax_footnote = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 | absmag_v    = −1.03<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
 | mass        = 3.88<ref name=gaspar/>
 | radius      = 5.82<ref name=empirical/>
 | luminosity  = 223<ref name=empirical/>
 | temperature = {{val|9150|240|fmt=commas}}<ref name=adelman/>
 | gravity     = 3.50<ref name=adelman/>
 | metal_fe    = −0.36<ref name=aj132_1_161/>
 | rotational_velocity = 145.7{{±|2.2}}<ref name=aaa531_A143/>
 | age_myr     = 260<ref name=apj653_1_675/><ref name=gaspar/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
 | names = {{odlist | name=Miaplacidus | GCTP=2213.00 | CD=−69 600 | FK5=348 | GJ=339.2 | GJ2=9292 | HD=80007 | HIP=45238 | HR=3685 | SAO=250495 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}
{{Starbox reference
 | Simbad=Beta_Car
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''Beta Carinae''' is the second-brightest [[star]] in the southern [[constellation]] of [[Carina (constellation)|Carina]]. It has the official name '''Miaplacidus''';<ref name="IAU-CSN"/> ''Beta Carinae'' is the star's [[Bayer designation]], which is [[Latinisation of names|Latinised]] from '''β Carinae''' and abbreviated '''Beta Car''' or '''β Car'''. With [[apparent magnitude]] of 1.69,<ref name=ducati/> it is one of the [[list of brightest stars|brightest stars]] in the [[night sky]]. It is the brightest star in the [[Southern celestial hemisphere|southern]] [[Asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] known as the [[Diamond Cross]], marking the southwestern end of the asterism. It lies near the [[planetary nebula]] [[IC 2448]]. [[Parallax]] measurements place it at a distance of {{Convert|113.2|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} from the [[Sun]].<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>

==Nomenclature==
''β Carinae'' (Latinised to ''Beta Carinae'') is the star's [[Bayer designation]].

The star's historical name ''Miaplacidus'' made its debut on star maps in 1856 when the star atlas ''Geography of the Heavens'', composed by Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, was published. The meaning and linguistic origin of the name remained an enigma for many decades, until William Higgins, a great scholar and expert on [[star names]], surmised that the name ''Miaplacidus'' is apparently a bilingual combination of [[Arabic]] ''مياه'' ''miyāh'' for 'waters' and [[Latin]] ''placidus'' for 'placid'.{{cn|date=July 2019}} The [[IAU Working Group on Star Names]] first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included ''Miaplacidus'' for this star.<ref name="WGSN1">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |access-date=28 July 2016}}</ref>

In [[Chinese language|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|南船}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Nán Chuán}}), meaning ''[[Chinese constellations#The Southern Asterisms (近南極星區)|Southern Boat]]'', refers to an [[Asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] consisting of β Carinae, [[V337 Carinae]], [[PP Carinae]], [[θ Carinae]] and [[ω Carinae]].<ref>{{in lang|zh}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref> Consequently, β Carinae itself is known as {{lang|zh|南船五}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Nán Chuán wǔ}}, {{langx|en|the Fifth Star of Southern Boat}}).<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_m.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130063012/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_m.htm |date=2011-01-30 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref>

==Physical properties==
The [[stellar classification]] of A1&nbsp;III<ref name=aj132_1_161/> mean that Miaplacidus is an [[stellar evolution|evolved]] [[giant star]] that has exhausted the [[hydrogen]] at its [[stellar core|core]] and has expanded. It has an estimated age of 260 million years.<ref name=apj653_1_675/> This star does not show an [[infrared excess|excess emission of infrared radiation]] that might otherwise suggest the presence of a [[debris disk]].<ref name=apj653_1_675/> It has about 3.8<ref name=gaspar/> times the [[Sun's mass]] and has expanded to almost six times the [[radius of the Sun]]. Presently it is radiating 223 times as much [[Solar luminosity|luminosity as the Sun]]<ref name=empirical/> from its [[stellar atmosphere|outer envelope]] at an [[effective temperature]] of {{Val|9150|fmt=commas|ul=K}}.<ref name=adelman/> Despite its enlarged girth, this star still shows a rapid rotation rate, with a [[projected rotational velocity]] of {{nowrap|146 km/s}}.<ref name=aaa531_A143/>

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{citation | first1=Floor | last1=van Leeuwen |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | arxiv=0708.1752v1 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | s2cid=18759600 }} ''Note:'' see VizieR catalogue [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?I/311 I/311].</ref>

<ref name=gaspar>{{Citation |last1=Gáspár |first1=András |last2=Rieke |first2=George H. |last3=Ballering |first3=Nicholas |date=2016-08-01 |title=The Correlation between Metallicity and Debris Disk Mass |bibcode=2016ApJ...826..171G |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=826 |issue=2 |pages=171 |doi=10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/171 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1604.07403 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>

<ref name=empirical>{{Citation |last1=Jerzykiewicz |first1=M. |last2=Molenda-Zakowicz |first2=J. |date=2000-09-01 |title=Empirical Luminosities and Radii of Early-Type Stars after Hipparcos |bibcode=2000AcA....50..369J |journal=Acta Astronomica |volume=50 |pages=369–380 |issn=0001-5237}}</ref>

<ref name=adelman>{{Citation |last=Adelman |first=Saul J. |date=July 2004 |title=The physical properties of normal A stars |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-international-astronomical-union/article/physical-properties-of-normal-a-stars/4A9DAAE0095FC24FEB153013AA513361 |journal=Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union |language=en |volume=2004 |issue=IAUS224 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1017/S1743921304004314 |bibcode=2004IAUS..224....1A |issn=1743-9221}}</ref>

<ref name=Anderson2012>{{citation
 | title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation
 | last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch.
 | journal=Astronomy Letters
 | volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012
 | bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015
 | arxiv=1108.4971 | s2cid=119257644 | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=* bet Car | access-date=2005-11-05 }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa531_A143>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Díaz | first1=C. G. | last2=González | first2=J. F. | last3=Levato | first3=H. | last4=Grosso | first4=M. | title=Accurate stellar rotational velocities using the Fourier transform of the cross correlation maximum | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=531 | page=A143 |date=July 2011 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201016386 | bibcode=2011A&A...531A.143D |arxiv = 1012.4858 | s2cid=119286673 }}</ref>

<ref name=apj653_1_675>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Su | first1=K. Y. L. | last2=Rieke | first2=G. H. | last3=Stansberry | first3=J. A. | last4=Bryden | first4=G. | last5=Stapelfeldt | first5=K. R. | last6=Trilling | first6=D. E. | last7=Muzerolle | first7=J. | last8=Beichman | first8=C. A. | last9=Moro-Martin | first9=A. | title=Debris Disk Evolution around A Stars | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=653 | issue=1 | pages=675–689 |date=December 2006 | doi=10.1086/508649 | bibcode=2006ApJ...653..675S |arxiv = astro-ph/0608563 | s2cid=14116473 }}</ref>

<ref name=aj132_1_161>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Gray | first1=R. O. | last2=Corbally | first2=C. J. | last3=Garrison | first3=R. F. | last4=McFadden | first4=M. T. | last5=Bubar | first5=E. J. | last6=McGahee | first6=C. E. | last7=O'Donoghue | first7=A. A. | last8=Knox | first8=E. R. | title=Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample | journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] | volume=132 | issue=1 | pages=161–170 |date=July 2006 | doi=10.1086/504637 | bibcode=2006AJ....132..161G | arxiv=astro-ph/0603770 | s2cid=119476992 }}</ref>

<ref name=scfs>{{citation | display-authors=1 | title=Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions | journal=Veröff. Astron. Rechen-Inst. Heidelb | volume=35 | last1=Wielen | first1=R. | last2=Schwan | first2=H. | last3=Dettbarn | first3=C. | last4=Lenhardt | first4=H. | last5=Jahreiß | first5=H. | last6=Jährling | first6=R. | publisher=Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg | issue=35 | year=1999 | page=1 | bibcode=1999VeARI..35....1W }}</ref>

<ref name=clpl4_99>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Johnson | first1=H. L. | last2=Iriarte | first2=B. | last3=Mitchell | first3=R. I. | last4=Wisniewskj | first4=W. Z. | title=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars | journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory | volume=4 | issue=99 | pages=99 | year=1966 | bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J }}</ref>

<ref name=ducati>{{cite journal|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system|journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues|volume=2237|pages=0|last1=Ducati|first1=J. R.|year=2002}}</ref>

<ref name=Kunitzsch>{{cite book
 |last1=Kunitzsch |first1=Paul
 |last2=Smart |first2=Tim
 |date = 2006 |edition = 2nd rev.
 |title = A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations
 |publisher = Sky Pub |location = Cambridge, Massachusetts
 |isbn = 978-1-931559-44-7
}}</ref>

<ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |access-date=28 July 2016}}</ref> 

}}

{{Stars of Carina}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beta Carinae}}
[[Category:A-type giants]]
[[Category:Carina (constellation)]]
[[Category:Bayer objects|Carinae, Beta]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|3685]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|CD-69 00600]]
[[Category:Gliese and GJ objects|9292]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|080007]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|045238]]
[[Category:Stars with proper names|Miaplacidus]]