Editing Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais

{{Short description|French Navy officer, colonial administrator and nobleman}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2012}}
{{Infobox person/Wikidata | fetchwikidata=ALL}}
'''Bertrand-François Mahé, comte de La Bourdonnais''' (11 February 1699{{snd}}10 November 1753) was a [[French Navy]] [[navy officer|officer]] and colonial administrator who was employed by the [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]].

==Biography==
La Bourdonnais entered the service of the [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]] as a lieutenant. In 1724, he was promoted to captain, and displayed such bravery in the capture of [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] on the Malabar Coast that the name of the town was added to his own; although an alternative account suggests that the town adopted his name, rather than the other way around. For two years he was in the service of the Portuguese Viceroy, but in 1735 he returned to French service as governor of the [[Isle de France (Mauritius)|Isle de France]] (present-day [[Mauritius]]) and the Île de Bourbon (present-day [[Réunion]]). His first five years' administration of the islands was vigorous and successful.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=La Bourdonnais, Bertrand François, Count Mahé de|volume=16|page=6}}</ref> He significantly increased the enslaved African population in [[Isle de France (Mauritius)]] which grew from only 638 in 1735 by around 1,300 annually. Labourdonnais also brought 70 slaves for his own estate.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Teelock |first1=Vijaya |title=Transition from slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius a comparative history |date=2016-12-29 |publisher=Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa |isbn=9782869786806 |pages=25–43}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Truth and Justice Commission Report Vol.1 |url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/ROL/TJC_Vol1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615081832/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/ROL/TJC_Vol1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 15, 2016 |publisher=Government of Mauritius |access-date=2021-07-04}}</ref>

A visit to France in 1740 was interrupted by the outbreak of hostilities with Great Britain, and La Bourdonnais was put at the head of a fleet in Indian waters.<ref name="EB1911"/>
In 1744 he assembled a squadron of 3,342 men, including 720 slaves, and led a military expedition from Isle de France to Madras in India. His victory increased the rivalry with Governor of Pondicherry, [[Joseph François Dupleix]]. Soon Labourdonnais was accused of receiving money from the [[British East India Company]] and in 1746 he was forced to return to France to face trial and was jailed at the [[Bastille]] for 3 years.  He was replaced by Pierre Félix Barthelemy David, the son of a director of the [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vaughan |first1=Megan |title=Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Mauritius |date=2005-02-01 |publisher=Duke University Press |location=Durham and London |isbn=9780822333999 |pages=46–48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNK6nFrRwTMC&dq=labourdonnais+slave+owner&pg=PA46 |access-date=2021-07-04}}</ref> He was tried in 1751 and acquitted, but his health was broken by the imprisonment and by chagrin at the loss of his property. To the last he made accusations against Dupleix.<ref name="EB1911"/>

==Recognition and legacy==
In 1742 his name was given to the main island ([[Mahé, Seychelles|Mahé Island]]) of the Seychelles archipelago by French explorer [[Lazare Picault]]. In 1806 the French [[Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen|General Decaen]] founded and named the historic port village of [[Mahébourg]] in homage to Mahé de La Bourdonnais. Close to the village of [[Mapou]], in Rivière du Rempart District, there is an estate named [[Domaine de Labourdonnais]] with its manor house known as [[Le Château de Labourdonnais]], built in 1856, and now converted into a museum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Domaine de Labourdonnais: Un grand bol d'air frais |date=20 March 2018 |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/328285/domaine-labourdonnais-un-grand-bol-dair-frais |publisher=lexpress.mu |access-date=2021-08-24}}</ref> A statue of La Bourdonnais was erected at Place D'Armes in Port Louis on 30 August 1859 during a ceremony.<ref>{{cite web |last1=De Burgh-Edwardes |first1=S.D. |title=The History of Mauritius 1507-1914 |url=https://electricscotland.com/independence/sip/History-Of-Mauritius-1507-1914.pdf |publisher=East and West Ltd. |access-date=2021-07-05}}</ref> In [[Curepipe]] a school called ''[[Lycée La Bourdonnais]]'' was founded in 1953, where the curriculum is modelled on practices in France.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lycée La Bourdonnais : quand l'excellence s'ouvre sur le monde |date=16 April 2021 |url=https://www.lagazette-mag.io/lycee-la-bourdonnais-quand-lexcellence-souvre-sur-le-monde/ |publisher=Lagazette |access-date=2021-04-16}}</ref> There is another statue of La Bourdonnais in the port of [[Saint-Malo]], France.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jeannot |first1=Alain |title=Le rond point de Labourdonnais à St Malo |url=https://www.zinfos-moris.com/Video-Le-Rond-point-de-l-ile-Maurice-et-Mahe-de-Labourdonnais-a-St-Malo-en-Bretagne-France_a7197.html |publisher=Zinfos |access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref> In [[Saint-Denis, Réunion]] a statue of La Bourdonnais was also erected, and a suburb is named ''Cité Labourdonnais''. However the statue and suburb in Reunion island have been the target of anti-slavery protesters since 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=RACISME : Mahé de Labourdonnais: Dans le viseur des Militants à la Réunion |url=https://www.zinfos-moris.com/Racisme-Mahe-de-Labourdonnais-dans-le-viseur-des-militants-a-La-Reunion_a15284.html |publisher=Zinfos |access-date=2020-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Quemener |first1=Luna |title=Cité Labourdonnais : changer de nom pour symboliser un nouveau cadre de vie |url=https://www.linfo.re/la-reunion/societe/cite-labourdonnais-changer-de-nom-pour-symboliser-un-nouveau-cadre-de-vie |publisher=Linfo.Re |access-date=2021-02-07}}</ref>

==Family==
In March and April 1738 two of Labourdonnais' children died and in May 1738 his wife also died on [[Isle de France (Mauritius)]]. His daughter Montlezun Pardiac continued to live on [[Isle de France (Mauritius)]] and received an annual pension of 3,000 Louis following a vote in the National Assembly in August 1798. His grandson was the strong chess player [[Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais]]. In December 1827 a lead-lined coffin containing the remains of Labourdonnais' wife and child was discovered during repairs of a government building near the ''Jardin de la Compagnie''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=De Burgh-Edwardes |first1=S.D. |title=The History of Mauritius 1507-1914 |url=https://electricscotland.com/independence/sip/History-Of-Mauritius-1507-1914.pdf |publisher=East and West Ltd. |access-date=2021-07-05}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

===Autobiography===
*B.-F. Mahé de La Bourdonnais: ''Mémoires historiques de B.-F. Mahé de La Bourdonnais, gouverneur des îles de France et de la Réunion'', recueillis et publiés par son petit-fils... (Cte A.-C. Mahé de La Bourdonnais). &nbsp; Paris, 1890  (with a second edition (Paris,1898))

===Biography===
*''Histoire, ou éloge historique de M. Mahé de La Bourdonnais''.  [n. p.: n. d.] 
*''Île Maurice: Mahé de La Bourdonnais: documents réunis par le comité du bi-centenaire de La Bourdonnais, 11 février 1899, avec des annotations par le comité des souvenirs historiques. (2 août 1899)''. &nbsp; Port-Louis : E. Pezzani, 1899
*Étienne Buisson: ''Le mirage de l'Inde: la dramatique existence d'un grand Français au XVIIIe siècle : Bertrand Mahé de La Bourdonnais''. &nbsp; Paris : Hachette, 1937.
*Pierre Crépin: ''Mahé de La Bourdonnais, gouverneur général des îles de France et de Bourbon (1699&ndash;1753) ... ''. &nbsp;  Paris : Leroux, n. d.
*Louis Ducrocq: ''Une ingratitude nationale: La Bourdonnais, gouverneur des îles de France et de Bourbon, 1735&ndash;1746''. &nbsp; Arras : Sueur-Charruey, 1902  (Reprinted from the ''Revue de Lille'' of August 1902)
*Philippe Haudrère: ''La Bourdonnais: marin et aventurier''. &nbsp; Paris : Desjonquères, 1992 &nbsp; {{ISBN|2-904227-63-6}}
*E. Herpin: ''Mahé de La Bourdonnais et la Compagnie des Indes''. &nbsp; Saint-Brieuc : R. Prud'homme, 1905
*Alfred de Longpérier-Grimoard: ''Notice historique sur La Bourdonnais''.  &nbsp;  Paris, 1856
*Huguette Ly Tio Fane-Pineo: ''Île de France, 1715&ndash;1746''. Tome I. ''L'émergence de Port Louis'' . &nbsp; Moka (Île Maurice) : Mahatma Gandhi Institute, 1993 &nbsp; {{ISBN|99903-39-00-7}}
*Michel Missoffe: ''Dupleix et La Bourdonnais: essai critique''. &nbsp;  Paris : Ligue maritime et coloniale, 1943
*Dureau Reydellet: ''Mahé de La Bourdonnais, gouverneur des Mascareignes''. &nbsp; Saint-Denis: Éd. CNH, 1994 &nbsp;(Cahiers de notre histoire; 45&ndash;46) &nbsp; {{ISBN|2-909471-14-4}}
*Louis Roubaud: ''La Bourdonnais''. &nbsp; Publication :  Paris : Plon, 1932 &nbsp;  (Les grandes figures coloniales; 10)
*Jackie Ryckebusch: ''Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais : entre les Indes et les Mascareignes''. &nbsp;  Sainte-Clotilde : Éd. du CRI, 1989 &nbsp;(Collection: Figures) &nbsp; {{ISBN|2-907017-05-5}}
*Robert Surcouf: ''Souvenirs historiques sur Mahé de La Bourdonnais: le combat de La Hogue. Eloge de La Tour d'Auvergne. Portzmoguer (Primauguet)''. &nbsp; Saint-Malo, 1886
* ''Le Guide de Pondichéry. L'unique guide français de Pondichéry.'' Editions Presse Bureau 2008/2009. Pondicherry.
* ''Pondicherry Heritage Trail''. Published by INTACH, Pondicherry. December 2007.

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline|Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais|François Mahé de La Bourdonnais}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahe, comte de La Bourdonnais, Bertrand-Francois}}
[[Category:French slave owners]]
[[Category:Governors of Réunion]]
[[Category:Governors of Isle de France (Mauritius)]]
[[Category:French Navy officers from Saint-Malo]]
[[Category:1699 births]]
[[Category:1753 deaths]]
[[Category:Prisoners of the Bastille]]