Editing Beerenberg

{{short description|Volcano on Jan Mayen island}}
{{About|the volcano|the financial company|Berenberg Bank|other uses|Beerenberg (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox mountain
| name = Beerenberg
| photo = Beerenberg Jan Mayen.JPG
| photo_caption = Beerenberg, July 2011
| elevation_m = 2277
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_m = 2277
| prominence_ref =
| listing = [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]
| map = North Atlantic
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_size = 200
| label = Beerenberg
| label_position = Bottom
| coordinates = {{coord|71|4|36|N|8|9|52|W|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| translation = <!--Bear mountain (needs source)-->
| language = [[Dutch language|Dutch]]
| location = [[Jan Mayen]], [[Norway]]
| range =
| topo =
| type = [[Stratovolcano]]
| age =
| last_eruption = January 1985
| first_ascent = 1921 Wordie, Mercanton and Lethbridge<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chetwode|first=Philip|year=1939|title=The Imperial College Expedition to Jan Mayen Island: Discussion|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=94|issue=2|pages=131–134|jstor=1787248|display-authors=etal|doi=10.2307/1787248|bibcode=1939GeogJ..94..131C }}</ref>
| easiest_route =
}}

'''Beerenberg''' is a [[stratovolcano]] dominating the northeastern end of the Norwegian island of [[Jan Mayen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.volcanocafe.org/jan-mayen-volcano-in-the-freezer/ |title=Jan Mayen: volcano in the freezer |date=25 Aug 2015 |website=Volcanocafe.org |access-date=31 May 2016}}</ref> It is {{convert|2277|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high and is the world's northernmost [[subaerial]] active [[volcano]] and the [[List of volcanoes in Norway|only active volcano]] in [[Norway]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sveurop.org/gb/menu/fr_menu.htm|title=Jan Mayen Expedition 1997 European Volcanological Society|access-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> The volcano is topped by a mostly ice-filled [[volcanic crater|crater]] about {{convert|1|km|mi|frac=8|abbr=off|spell=in}} wide,<ref name=GVP>{{cite gvp|vn=376010|name=Jan Mayen}}</ref> with numerous peaks along its rim including the highest summit, Haakon VII Toppen, on its western side.

== Name ==
Its name is [[Dutch language|Dutch]] for "Bear Mountain" and comes from the [[polar bear]]s seen there by Dutch whalers in the early 17th century.<ref>James Gordon Hayes, ''The Conquest of the North Pole: Recent Arctic Exploration'', p. 222, Taylor & Francis, 1934</ref>

== Description ==
The upper slopes of the volcano are largely ice-covered, with several major glaciers including five which reach the sea.<ref>[http://www.skimountaineer.com/ROF/Beyond/Beerenberg/JanMayenMap.jpg Jan Mayen Topographic Map]</ref> The longest of the glaciers is the [[Weyprecht Glacier]], which flows from the summit crater via a breach through the northwestern portion of the crater rim, and extends about {{convert|6|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} down to the sea.

Beerenberg is composed primarily of [[basalt]]ic [[lava]] flows with minor amounts of [[tephra]]. Numerous [[cinder cone]]s have been formed along slope [[Fissure vent|fissure]]s.

== History ==
There was an Austrian attempt to reach the summit of Beerenberg, presumably whilst the Austrians had a weather station on the island in 1882–83, but the attempt failed due to poor weather. The first recorded ascent was in the summer of 1921, by an expedition led by Dr. [[Paul Louis Mercanton]], joined by [[James Wordie]], [[T.C. Lethbridge]] and three others.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mercanton |first1=P.L. |date=6 June 1925 |title= Ascent of Beerenberg, Jan Mayen|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/115891a0 |journal= Nature|volume=115 |issue=891 |page=891 |doi= 10.1038/115891a0|bibcode=1925Natur.115Q.891. |s2cid=4129089 |access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref> The British expedition was taken to the island by the Norwegian meteorological service, which was establishing a wireless station on the island.

Its most recent eruptions took place in 1970<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/sylvester/JAN_MAYEN/JMPages/Jan%20Mayen%20text.html| title=Seismic Search for Magma Chambers Beneath Jan Mayen and Field Inspection of the 1970 Beerenberg Eruption Area|last=Sylvester |first=Arthur Gibbs |website=University of California |access-date=31 May 2016}}</ref> and 1985, both of which were flank eruptions from fissures on the northeast side of the mountain. Other eruptions with historical records occurred in 1732, 1818, and 1851.<ref name=GVP />

==See also==
*[[List of volcanoes in Norway]]
*[[List of mountains in Norway by prominence]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Beerenberg}}
*[http://jan.mayen.no// New Jan Mayen Homepage], including general info, photos, blog, and webcam
*[http://www.jan-mayen.no/ Old Jan Mayen Homepage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722030753/http://www.jan-mayen.no/ |date=2011-07-22 }}, including general info, photos, blog, and webcam
*[http://www.pbase.com/eaaseth/beerenberg Beerenberg Expedition 2008 Pictures]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051013013804/http://geo.hmg.inpg.fr/caplain/janmayen/ Pictures and a map of Beerenberg]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9HJ3QnAfZI 1970 Beerenberg volcanic eruption captured on film]
{{Ultras of Europe}}
{{Jan Mayen}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Landforms of Jan Mayen]]
[[Category:Volcanoes of Norway]]
[[Category:Mountains of Norway]]
[[Category:Holocene stratovolcanoes]]
[[Category:Ridge volcanoes]]
[[Category:Active volcanoes]]
[[Category:Volcanoes of the Arctic Ocean]]
[[Category:Extreme points of Norway]]