Editing Beatrix Farrand

{{short description|American landscape architect (1872–1959)}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Beatrix Farrand
| image = Beatrix Jones Farrand cabinet card est 1890s-1910s.jpg
| caption = 
| birth_name = Beatrix Cadwalader Jones
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1872|06|19}}
| birth_place = New York City, U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1959|02|28|1872|06|19}}
| death_place = [[Bar Harbor, Maine]], U.S.
| alma_mater = [[Arnold Arboretum]], [[Columbia School of Mines]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Max Farrand]]|1913|1945|end=his death}}
| parents = [[Mary Cadwalader Rawle Jones|Mary Cadwalader Rawle]]<br />[[Frederic Rhinelander Jones]]
| significant_buildings = 
| significant_projects = [[Dumbarton Oaks]], [[Abby Aldrich Rockefeller|Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Garden]]
}}

{{external media|width=210px|float=right|headerimage=[[File:FORSYTHIA WALK AFTER WIDENING Photocopy of photograph, date unknown National Park Service, National Capital Region files - Dumbarton Oaks Park, Thirty-second and R Streets Northwest, HABS DC,GEO,175-6.tif|150px]]|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OVqjisKvu8 ''Beatrix Farrand Tribute Film''], [[Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame]]|video2=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oG_4B_0tSfc ''Big Ideas for Small Spaces – The Beatrix Farrand Garden at Bellefield''], Gardening the Hudson Valley}}

'''Beatrix Cadwalader Farrand''' (née '''Jones'''; June 19, 1872 – February 28, 1959) was an American landscape gardener and [[landscape architect]]. Her career included commissions to design about 110 gardens for private residences, estates and country homes, public parks, botanic gardens, college campuses, and the [[White House]]. Only a few of her major works survive: [[Dumbarton Oaks]] in Washington, D.C.,<ref name=Dumbarton>{{cite web|title=Beatrix Farrand|url=http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/garden-archives/biographies/beatrix-farrand|website=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection|access-date=September 26, 2015}}</ref> the [[Abby Aldrich Rockefeller]] Garden on [[Mount Desert|Mount Desert, Maine]], the restored Farm House Garden in [[Bar Harbor, Maine|Bar Harbor]],<ref name=Lamb>{{cite book|last1=Lamb|first1=Jane|title=The grand masters of Maine gardening: and some of their disciples|date=2004|publisher=Down East Books|location=Camden, ME|isbn=978-0892726370|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=quR0CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> the Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden at the [[New York Botanical Garden]] (constructed after Farrand's death, using her original plans, and opened in 1988),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Information |first1=Plant |title=Research Guides: The Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden at NYBG: The Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden |url=https://libguides.nybg.org/c.php?g=655140 |website=libguides.nybg.org |access-date=5 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=15 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215050535/https://libguides.nybg.org/c.php?g=655140 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and elements of the campuses of [[Princeton University|Princeton]], [[Yale University|Yale]], and [[Occidental College|Occidental]].<ref name=Parke>Parke, Margaret. "A portrait of Beatrix Farrand", ''American Horticulturist'', April 1985, pp. 10–13.</ref>

Farrand was one of the founding eleven members, and the only woman, of the [[American Society of Landscape Architects]].<ref name=McGuire>{{cite book|last1=McGuire|first1=Diane Kostial|last2=Fern|first2=Lois|title=Beatrix Jones Farrand (1872–1959) : fifty years of American landscape architecture : [Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture|date=1982|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0884021068|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csse37J_c_IC&pg=PA31|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref>{{rp|31–35}} Beatrix Farrand is one of the most accomplished persons, and women, recognized in both the first decades of the [[landscape architecture]] profession and the centuries of [[landscape design|landscape]] [[garden design]] arts and accomplishments.<ref name=Tankard>{{cite book|last1=Tankard|first1=Judith B.|title=Beatrix Farrand : private gardens, public landscapes|date=2009|publisher=Monacelli Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-58093-227-1|edition=1st}} From Introduction: "Beatrix Farrand (1872–1959) was one of America's most celebrated landscape architects. She was renowned for the private estate gardens she designed for the cream of East Coast society as well as for her work as a landscape consultant at some of the country's most prestigious private universities and colleges... Variously praised as 'the Gertrude Jekyll of America' and 'the doyenne of her profession,' Farrand owed her success to her unerring eye for design, profound knowledge of horticulture, phenomenal energy, and deep commitment to her profession that inspired others to follow in her footsteps."</ref>

==Early years==
Beatrix Cadwalader Jones was born in New York City on June 19, 1872, into a family among whom she liked to claim were "five generations of gardeners."<ref name=Parke/>{{rp|10}} Her mother was [[Mary Cadwalader Rawle Jones|Mary Cadwalader Rawle]] (1850–1923), whose father was lawyer William Henry Rawle (1823–1889).<ref name=Keith>{{cite book|first=Charles Penrose|last=Keith|title=The provincial councillors of Pennsylvania, who held office between 1733–1776: and those earlier councillors who were some time chief magistrates of the province, and their descendants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEAVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA260|year=1883|publisher=W.S. Sharp Printing Company|page=260|isbn=9780788417658}}</ref> Her father was Frederic Rhinelander Jones (1846–1918), brother of novelist [[Edith Wharton]].<ref name=Stevens>{{cite book|title=Erasmus Stevens and his descendants|year=1914|first=Eugene R.|last=Stevens|others=revised by Colonel William Plumb Bacon|publisher=Tobias A. Wright|page=45|url=https://archive.org/details/erasmusstevenshi00ste}}</ref>

She enjoyed long seasons at the family's summer home [[Reef Point Estate]] in [[Bar Harbor, Maine|Mount Desert Island, Maine]].<ref name=Dumbarton/> She was the niece of Edith Wharton<ref>Edith Wharton was the author among other books, of ''Italian Villas and Their Gardens''.</ref> and lifelong friend of [[Henry James]], who called her 'Trix'.<ref name=Raver2003>{{cite news|last1=Raver|first1=Anne|title=Nature: Beatrix Farrand's Secret Garden|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/27/garden/nature-beatrix-farrand-s-secret-garden.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=September 27, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=November 27, 2003}}</ref> At age twenty, she was introduced to one of her primary mentors, the botanist [[Charles Sprague Sargent]], who at [[Harvard University]] was both a professor of horticulture at the Bussey Institute and the founding director of the [[Arnold Arboretum]] in Boston, [[Massachusetts]].<ref name=BFSBio>{{cite web|title=Beatrix Farrand|url=http://www.beatrixfarrandsociety.org/beatrix-farrand/|website=Beatrix Farrand Society|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Harvard>{{cite web|title=Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University|url=http://www.asla.org/uploadedFiles/Guide/Boston/Neighborhoods/Emerald_Necklace/Arnold_Arboretum.pdf|website=The Landscape Architect's Guide to Boston|access-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> Sargent named a species, ''[[Crataegus jonesae]]'', in her honor, as it was she who first noticed it and brought it to his attention.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beatrixfarrandsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/herbarium-exhibitio-brochure-2015.pdf |title=The Beatrix Farrand Society's 2015 Herbarium Exhibition |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 2015 |website=beatrixfarrandsociety.org |publisher=Beatrix Farrand Society |access-date=11 August 2020 }}</ref>

Farrand lived at Sargent's home, Holm Lea in [[Brookline, Massachusetts]], in 1893 and studied [[landscape gardening]], for which there was no specialized school at the time, [[botany]], and [[land planning]].<ref name=Zaitzevsky>{{cite book|last1=Zaitzevsky|first1=Cynthia|title=Long Island landscapes and the women who designed them|date=2009|publisher=Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities|location=New York|isbn=9780393731248|page=34|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pe7upwZyvSsC&pg=PA34}}</ref><ref name=Ceiling>{{cite web|title=Flashback Photos: Beatrix Farrand Breaks the (Green) Glass Ceiling|url=http://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/flashback-photos-beatrix-farrand-breaks-green-glass-ceiling/|website=New England Historical Society|date=28 February 2015 |access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> She wanted to learn drafting to scale, elevation rendering, surveying, and engineering, and so studied at the [[Columbia School of Mines]] under the direction of Prof. [[William Robert Ware|William Ware]].<ref name=Karson>{{cite book|last1=Karson|first1=Robin|title=A genius for place : American landscapes of the country place era|date=2007|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|location=Amherst|isbn=978-1-62534-048-1|page=137|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cH4-IPio2poC&pg=PA137|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> She was influenced in using [[native plant]] species from: her many successful Reef Point experiences; studying the contemporary books from the U.S. and abroad advocating the advantages of native palettes; and from visiting the influential British garden authors [[William Robinson (gardener)|William Robinson]] at [[Gravetye Manor]] in [[Sussex]], and [[Gertrude Jekyll]] at [[Munstead Wood]] in [[Surrey]].<ref name=Dumbarton/> Jekyll's series of thematic gardening books emphasized the importance and value of natural plantings and were influential in the U.S.<ref name=Southern>{{cite web|last1=Tankard |first1=Judith B. |title=Gertrude Jekyll and the Country House Garden, From the Archives of Country Life |url=http://www.southerngardenhistory.org/bookreviews/Gertrude_Jekyll.html |website=Southern Garden History Society |access-date=27 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707140240/http://www.southerngardenhistory.org/bookreviews/Gertrude_Jekyll.html |archive-date=7 July 2013 }}</ref>

On December 17, 1913, Beatrix married [[Max Farrand]],<ref name=Zaitzevsky/>{{rp|35}} the accomplished historian at [[Stanford University|Stanford]] and [[Yale University|Yale]] universities, and the first director of the [[Huntington Library]].<ref name=Max>{{cite web|title=Max Farrand|url=http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/garden-archives/biographies/max-farrand|website=Dumbarton Oaks|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref>

==Landscape design career==
[[File:Dumbarton Oaks - fountain.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Fountain at [[Dumbarton Oaks]] in Washington, D.C., site of her best known garden design]]
She began practicing landscape architecture in 1895, working from the upper floor of her mother's [[brownstone]] house on East Eleventh Street in New York.<ref name=McGuire/>{{rp|26}} Since women were excluded from public projects, her first designs were residential gardens, beginning with some for neighbouring [[Bar Harbor, Maine|Bar Harbor]] residents.<ref name=McGuire/>{{rp|57}} With the help of her mother and with her aunt [[Edith Wharton]]'s social connections, she was introduced to prominent people, which led to working on a variety of significant projects. Within three years, she was so prominent in her field that she was chosen the only woman among the founders of the [[American Society of Landscape Architects]], although she preferred the British term "landscape gardener".<ref name=McGuire/>{{rp|35}}

Farrand did the initial site and planting planning for the [[Washington National Cathedral|National Cathedral]] in Washington, D.C., in 1899.<ref name=Zaitzevsky/>{{rp|54}} In 1912, she designed the walled residential garden, Bellefield, for Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Newbold in [[Hyde Park, New York]] (now a part of the Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site).<ref name="O’Connor">{{cite news|last1=O’Connor|first1=Rosemary|title=Bellefield Garden's 100th Anniversary: Beatrix Farrand Garden at Bellefield at Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Museum and Library, Hyde Park, NY A secret garden: Bellefield Garden celebrates 100 years|url=http://www.hvmag.com/Hudson-Valley-Magazine/April-2012/Bellefield-Gardens-100th-Anniversary-Beatrix-Farrand-Garden-at-Bellefield-at-Franklin-D-Roosevelt-Presidential-Museum-and-Library-Hyde-Park-NY/|access-date=27 September 2015|work=Hudson Valley Magazine|date=2012}}</ref> In addition to being the earliest extant example of her residential designs, this exquisite walled garden, now restored, is one of the only known pairings of works by two prominent designers of that era—Farrand and the architects [[McKim, Mead & White]] — who remodeled the Newbolds' eighteenth-century house.<ref name=BellefieldNPS>{{cite web|title=Bellefield|url=http://www.nps.gov/articles/650075.htm|website=National Park Service|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> She collaborated with the firm of McKim, Mead & White in the construction of service buildings at Dumbarton Oaks.<ref name=White>{{cite web|title=Finding Aid to Lawrence Grant White Architectural Plans and Drawings|url=http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/dumbarton-oaks-archives/architectural-plans-and-drawings/lawrence-grant-white-architectural-plans-and-drawings|website=Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection|access-date=September 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413022634/http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/dumbarton-oaks-archives/architectural-plans-and-drawings/lawrence-grant-white-architectural-plans-and-drawings|archive-date=April 13, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

For the [[White House]], the first [[Ellen Axson Wilson|Mrs. Woodrow Wilson]], [[Ellen Axson Wilson|Ellen Loise Axson Wilson]], had commissioned Beatrix Farrand to design the East Colonial Garden (now redesigned as the [[Jacqueline Kennedy Garden]]) and the West Garden (now the redesigned [[White House Rose Garden]]) in 1913.<ref name=Oddities>{{cite web|title=Dumbarton Oaks|url=http://washingtonoddities.blogspot.com/2010/09/dumbarton-oaks.html|website=Washington Oddities and other interesting stuff|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-date=7 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007192015/http://washingtonoddities.blogspot.com/2010/09/dumbarton-oaks.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://calisphere.org/item/ark:/28722/bk0009s897g/|title=Wilson (Woodrow), Washington, D.C|website=Calisphere|language=en|access-date=2017-05-25}}</ref> After Mrs. Wilson's August 1914 death, the project languished until the second Mrs. Wilson, [[Edith Galt|Edith Bolling Galt Wilson]], had its installation restarted and completed in 1916.<ref name=Lewis>{{cite book|last1=Lewis|first1=Anna M.|title=Women of steel and stone : 22 inspirational architects, engineers, and landscape designers|date=2014|publisher=Independent Pub Group|isbn=978-1613745083|pages=171–172|edition=First|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQxXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171}}</ref><ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Jane|title=Beatrix : the gardening life of Beatrix Jones Farrand, 1872–1959|date=1995|publisher=Viking|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-670-83217-0|edition=1st|pages=102, 108, 216}}</ref> She received the commission from [[J. Pierpont Morgan]] to design the grounds of Morgan's residence in New York City (later the site of the [[Morgan Library & Museum]]), and continued as a consultant for thirty years (1913–43).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|204–216}}

[[File:Dumbarton Oaks site plan (HABS).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Dumbarton Oaks site plan]]
Her most notable work was at the [[Dumbarton Oaks]] estate in the [[Georgetown, Washington, D.C.|Georgetown]] district of Washington, D.C., for Mildred and Robert Woods Bliss (1922–1940). Her design was inspired by her European ventures, especially from the [[Italian Renaissance garden]]s, and consisted of establishing a sophisticated relationship between the architectural and natural environments, with formal terraced gardens stepping down a steep slope and transitioning to a more naturalistic aesthetic approaching the creek.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|138–42, 152–58, 196–200}}

In 1928, her husband accepted the position as the first Director of [[The Huntington Library]] (1927–41) in [[San Marino, California]].<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|143, 177}} They moved to California, but Farrand had trouble building a clientele in that state.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|144–45}} William Hertrich had long-standing dominion of the Botanical Gardens at the [[Huntington Desert Garden|Huntington]]. The landscape designers Florence Yoch and Louise Council, and Lockwood DeForest Jr., among others, were already well-established there. Her few projects came via friends, such as the Bliss winter and retirement estate, ''Casa Dorinda'', in [[Montecito, California]], and the patronage of Mildred Bliss's mother, Anna Blakely Bliss, for the nearby [[Santa Barbara Botanic Garden]] project. In the Los Angeles area, she had several commissions each with astronomer [[George Ellery Hale]] and architect [[Myron Hunt]]. With the latter she worked on projects at [[Occidental College]] and the [[California Institute of Technology]] (Caltech).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|146, 195, 203–04}}

Farrand commuted cross-country by train for her eastern projects, such as the design and supervision of the Chinese inspired garden at 'The Eyrie' for [[Abby Aldrich Rockefeller]] in [[Seal Harbor, Maine]] (1926–35). This was the era of the automobile, and in her designs Farrand applied principles learned earlier from [[Frederick Law Olmsted]]'s drives at the Arnold Arboretum and the [[Biltmore Estate]] of [[George Washington Vanderbilt II]]. [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]]<ref>"Mr. Rockefeller's Roads" by Ann Rockefeller Roberts and many other sources</ref> sought out and funded Farrand to design planting plans for subtle carriage roads at [[Acadia National Park]] on Mount Desert Island, Maine, near her Reef Point home (c.1930).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|208}} Their use continues at the Park.

Extant Farrand private gardens in the eastern U.S. are: the Bliss family's Dumbarton Oaks in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.; the [[Harkness Memorial State Park|Harkness summer home 'Eolia']] in [[Waterford, Connecticut]] (1918–1924), now preserved as the [[Harkness Memorial State Park]];<ref name=Foreman>{{cite web|last1=Foreman|first1=John|title=Big Old Houses: I Died and Went to Heaven|url=http://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/the-way-they-live/2015/big-old-houses-i-died-and-went-to-heaven|website=New York Social Diary|date=August 11, 2015}}</ref> and the Rockefellers' estate 'The Eyrie' in Seal Harbor, Maine.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|204, 208}} She also collaborated with Edith Wharton on landscape and garden design for [[The Mount (Lenox, Massachusetts)|The Mount]], Wharton's home in Lenox, Massachusetts, which is open to visitors from May–October.<ref name=Green>{{cite web|last1=Green|first1=Jared|title=Beatrix Farrand Gets a Fresh Look|url=http://dirt.asla.org/2013/03/11/beatrix-farrand-gets-a-fresh-look/|website=The Dirt|date=March 11, 2013}}</ref> [[Henry James]] introduced her to [[Theodate Pope Riddle]], "one of her most fascinating clients", who owned the estate 'Hill-Stead' (1913), now preserved as the [[Hill-Stead Museum]] in [[Farmington, Connecticut]].<ref name=Brown/>{{rp| 87}}  In 1942, with [[Walter Macomber]], she designed the gardens at [[Green Spring Gardens Park|Green Spring]], near [[Alexandria, Virginia]].<ref name="vaNRHPnom">{{cite web|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Fairfax/029-0025_Green_Spring_2003_Final_Nomination.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Green Spring|author=Sherrie L. Chapman|date=February 2003|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|access-date=2013-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081313/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Fairfax/029-0025_Green_Spring_2003_Final_Nomination.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Santa Barbara Botanic Garden]], for California native plants, represents her talent in [[Santa Barbara, California]].<ref name=SBBG>{{cite web|title=Landmarked Features|url=https://www.sbbg.org/explore-garden/garden-features/landmarked-features|website=The Santa Barbara Botanic Garden|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> In England, her evolving major project, 'Dartington Hall', was for heiress [[Dorothy Payne Whitney|Dorothy Payne Elmhirst]] in [[Devon (UK Parliament constituency)|Devon]] (1932–37).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|149–52, 216}} The Reef Point Collection of her library, drawings and herbarium specimens are archived in the Environmental Design Archives at the [[University of California, Berkeley College of Environmental Design|College of Environmental Design]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] campus, except for the Dumbarton Oaks documents located at the library there, and the Arnold Arboretum drawings in their archives, both under the stewardship of Harvard.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp| 188–89, 198–201, 209}}

In 2014, Farrand was recognized for her work designing the Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden<ref name=Rockefeller>{{cite web|title=The Peggy Rockefeller Rose Garden|url=http://www.nybg.org/home_peggy-rockefeller-rose-garden.php|website=New York Botanical Garden|access-date=March 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402142153/http://www.nybg.org/home_peggy-rockefeller-rose-garden.php|archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Correal>{{cite news|last1=Correal|first1=Annie|title=New York Today: The Women Who Built the City|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/23/new-york-today-the-women-who-built-new-york|access-date=March 8, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 23, 2014}}</ref> at [[New York Botanical Garden]], a winning site of Built by Women New York City,<ref name=Willis>{{cite web |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/2015/02/150224-beverly-willis-architecture-foundation-hosts-leadership-awards-gala-kicks-of-exhibition-6527965279.asp|title=Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation Hosts Leadership Awards Gala, Kicks off Built By Women Exhibition|work=Architectural Record|access-date=March 8, 2015}}</ref> a competition launched by the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation during the fall of 2014 to identify outstanding and diverse sites and spaces designed, engineered and built by women.

==College campuses==
Farrand's campus designs were based on three concepts: plants that bloomed throughout the academic year, emphasizing architecture as well as hiding flaws, and using upright and climbing plants so that the small spaces between buildings would not seem reduced in scale.<ref name=dlandstudio>{{cite web|title=The Campus Landscapes of Beatrix Farrand|url=http://www.dlandstudio.com/projects_farrand.html|website=dlandstudio|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512045157/http://www.dlandstudio.com/projects_farrand.html|archive-date=12 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her designs are noted for their practicality, simplicity and ease of maintenance.<ref name=Parke/>{{rp|13}} She was the first consulting landscape architect for [[Princeton University]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]] (1912–43).<ref name=Bernstein>{{cite news|last1=Bernstein|first1=Mark F.|title=Growing the campus How Princeton preserves its 'lazy beauty'|url=https://www.princeton.edu/paw/archive_new/PAW07-08/14-0611/features_landscape.html|access-date=27 September 2015|work=Princeton Authors|date=June 11, 2008}}</ref><ref name=President>{{cite web|title=Shaping Princeton's Landscape|url=http://www.princeton.edu/president/tilghman/pages/20120425/|website=President’s Pages in Princeton Alumni Weekly|access-date=April 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929015152/http://www.princeton.edu/president/tilghman/pages/20120425/|archive-date=September 29, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=LoBiondo>{{cite web|last1=LoBiondo|first1=Maria|title=Beatrix Farrand: Landscape Architect|url=http://www.princeton.edu/~gradcol/perm/farrand.htm|website=Princeton: With One Accord|date=1998|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref>

As new buildings are constructed at Princeton now, architects are often referred to Farrand's papers at U.C. Berkeley. She was the consulting landscape architect at [[Yale University]] in [[New Haven, Connecticut]], for twenty-three years (1923–45), with projects including the [[Marsh Botanical Garden]].<ref name=Schiff>{{cite news|last1=Schiff|first1=Judith Ann|title=Old Yale Secret Gardens|url=http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/01_05/old_yale.html|access-date=27 September 2015|work=Yale Alumni Magazine|date=2001}}</ref> She later went on to improve a dozen other campuses including the [[University of Chicago]] (1929–43),<ref name=UChicago>{{cite web|title=University of Chicago|url=https://tclf.org/landscapes/university-chicago|website=The Cultural Landscape Foundation|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> along with Southern California's [[Occidental College]] and the [[California Institute of Technology]].<ref name=Scheid>{{cite journal|last1=Scheid|first1=Ann|title=Beatrix Farrand in Southern California, 1927–1941|journal=Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society|date=2011|volume=14|issue=2|pages=1–13|url=http://www.cglhs.org/files/eden_vol14_no2.pdf|access-date=27 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929001628/http://www.cglhs.org/files/eden_vol14_no2.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> Beatrix Farrand completed design work for the [[Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women]] (1931–32).<ref name=Klein>{{cite book|last1=Klein|first1=William M.|title=Gardens of Philadelphia & the Delaware Valley|date=1995|publisher=Temple Univ. Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781566393133|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=grnphiaXhVUC&pg=PA123|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> Later, she was also the landscape consultant to the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University (1946–50).<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|204–09, 213.}}

==Later years and death==
During the last part of her life, Farrand devoted herself to creating a landscape study center at [[Reef Point Estate|Reef Point]], Maine. Here she continued developing the extensive garden and preparing the property for a transition to a public study center.<ref name=Deitz>{{cite book|last1=Deitz|first1=Paula|title=Of gardens : selected essays|date=2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8122-4266-9|pages=15–17|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H9xzdCNIXvYC&pg=PA17|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> She published the ''Reef Point Gardens Bulletin'' (1946–55), in which she reported on the progress of the gardens and center.<ref name=Raver>{{cite journal|last1=Raver|first1=Anne|title=Beatrix Farrand|journal=Horticulture|date=1985|volume=63|issue=2|pages=32–45}}</ref>

After a wildfire on the island and facing a lack of funding to complete and ensure the continued operation of a center she made a remarkable decision in 1955 to discontinue the preparations, dismantle the garden, sell the property, and use the proceeds for her last years. John D. Rockefeller Jr. purchased all Reef Point's larger plants for his [[Asticou Azalea Garden]] in [[Northeast Harbor, Maine]], which continue to flower.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|190}}<ref name=Sarnacki>{{cite news|last1=Sarnacki|first1=Aislinn|title=1-minute hike: Asticou Azalea Garden in Northeast Harbor|url=http://bangordailynews.com/2015/06/16/uncategorized/11271/|access-date=27 September 2015|work=Bangor Daily News|date=June 16, 2015}}</ref> Approximately 2,000 herbarium specimens were given to the [[University and Jepson Herbaria]] at the University of California, Berkeley, where they serve as a permanent record of her choice of plants and localities.<ref name=Digital>{{cite web|title=The Digital Age Brings Beatrix Farrand's Plants Back to Maine|url=http://75.103.93.16/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/reef-_point-ex_6131.pdf|website=Beatrix Farrand Society|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Jepson>{{cite web|title=Herbaria Archives — Correspondence|url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/main/archives/correspondence.html|website=The University and Jepson Herbaria|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref>

Farrand lived at and spent the last three years of her life at [[Reef Point Estate|Garland Farm]], the home of her friends Lewis and Amy Magdalene Garland, on Mount Desert Island, Maine.<ref name=AmyGarland>{{cite web|title=Garland Farm|url=http://www.beatrixfarrandsociety.org/garland-farm/|website=Beatrix Farrand Society|access-date=27 September 2015}}</ref> It was here that she created her final garden, an intimate space in keeping with the size of the property.<ref name=Raver2003/> At age 86, Farrand died at the Mount Desert Island Hospital on February 28, 1959.<ref name=Brown/>{{rp|190}}

The Garland Farm was purchased by the Beatrix Farrand Society on January 9, 2004.<ref name=LALH>{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Jane Roy|title=New Life for Farrand's Last Garden|url=http://lalh.org/new-life-for-farrands-last-garden-2008/|website=Library of American Landscape History|date=2008|access-date=2015-09-27|archive-date=2019-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222152300/http://lalh.org/new-life-for-farrands-last-garden-2008/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The society's mission is "to foster the art and science of horticulture and landscape design, with emphasis on the life and work of Beatrix Farrand".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beatrixfarrandsociety.org/donate/ |title=Donate |publisher=Beatrix Farrand Society |date= |access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> It plans to continue Reef Point's original educational mission as well as to preserve Garland Farm and Beatrix Farrand's final garden.<ref name=Dwight>{{cite journal|last1=Dwight|first1=Eleanor|title=Perennial comfort: eminent garden designer Beatrix Farrand found refuge at Garland Farm on Maine's Coast|journal=Preservation the Magazine of the Nation Trust for Historic Preservation|date=2005|volume=57|pages=38–42}}</ref><ref name=Society>{{cite web|title=Beatrix Farrand Society|work=Official website|url=http://www.beatrixfarrandsociety.org|access-date=March 29, 2019}}</ref>

==Further reading==
{{library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|viaf=22940955}}
* Patrick Chassé (Maine Olmsted Alliance), [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306053811/http://www.maineolmsted.com/journal/articles/lad/lastgarden.html ''The Last Garden of Beatrix Farrand'']
*{{cite book|last=Balmori|first=Diana|year=1985|title=Beatrix Farrand's American Landscapes: Her Gardens and Campuses|location=Sagaponack, New York|publisher=Sagapress|isbn=0-89831-003-2|display-authors=etal|lccn=85001969}}
* {{cite book|last=Brown|first=Jane|date=February 1, 1995|title=Beatrix: The Gardening Life of Beatrix Farrand, 1872–1959|publisher=Viking, Penguin Group|isbn= 978-0-670-83217-0|lccn=94001271}}
{{Portal|Gardening}}

==External links==
* [http://www.doaks.org/ Dumbarton Oaks] Official Dumbarton Oaks website
* [http://www.beatrixfarrandgardenhydepark.org www.beatrixfarrandgardenhydepark.org] Official Garden at Bellefield website
* [http://www.princeton.edu/~gradcol/perm/farrand.htm Beatrix Farrand: Landscape Architect], Princeton University] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150215072328/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma99/hall/Dumbartonoaks/farrand_dum.html American Studies @ University of Virginia] "Beatrix Farrand 'Landscape Gardener'"
* [https://www.nytimes.com/1899/12/31/archives/woman-landscape-gardener-miss-beatrix-jones-has-attained-her.html ''WOMAN LANDSCAPE GARDENER.; Miss Beatrix Jones Has Attained Her Eminence in the Profession by Hard Study and by Travel.''] New York Times, 1899
* [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf558004cz/?query=beatrix%2520farrand Finding aid to the Beatrix Farrand Collection at the Environmental Design Archives, University of California, Berkeley]
* [https://www.edithwharton.org The Mount, Edith Wharton's Home]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame|state=collapsed}}
{{Horticulture and Gardening}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Farrand, Beatrix}}
[[Category:1872 births]]
[[Category:1959 deaths]]
[[Category:Cadwalader family]]
[[Category:American landscape and garden designers]]
[[Category:20th-century American designers]]
[[Category:American gardeners]]
[[Category:American women landscape architects]]
[[Category:20th-century American artists]]
[[Category:Landscape design history of the United States]]
[[Category:American landscape architects]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Arnold Arboretum]]
[[Category:People from Bar Harbor, Maine]]
[[Category:Architects from New York City]]
[[Category:Columbia School of Mines alumni]]