Editing Battle of Lipany

{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}{{short description|Fought at Lipany, Vitice in 1434 during the Hussite Wars}}
{{expand Czech|topic=mil|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict    =Battle of Lipany
|partof      =the [[Hussite Wars]]
| image       = Skupina_bratrsk%C3%BDch_vojev%C5%AFdc%C5%AF.jpg
| image_size  = 300
|caption     =
|date        =30 May 1434
|place       =[[Lipany (Vitice)|Lipany]] near [[Český Brod]]
|coordinates ={{coord|50|01|43|N|14|56|13|E|display=title|region:CZ_type:event_source:dewiki}}
|map_type    =
|map_relief  =
|latitude    =
|longitude   =
|map_size    =
|map_marksize =
|map_caption =
|map_label   =
|territory   =
|result      =Victory of [[moderate Hussites]] and [[Catholics]]
|status      =
|combatant1  =[[Radical Hussites]]
* [[Taborites]]
* [[Sirotci|Orphans]]
|combatant2  =[[Moderate Hussites]] ([[Calixtines]])
* [[Prague Hussites|Praguers]]
* Hussite nobles
[[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian]] Catholics
* forces of [[Plzeň|Pilsen]]
** forces of Pilsen's [[Landfrieden]]
** forces of [[Karlštejn]]
* [[Rosenberg family|Rosenberg]]'s forces
* city units of [[Prague]] and [[Mělník]]
|commander1  =[[Prokop the Great]] {{KIA}}<br>[[Jan Čapek of Sány]]<br>{{ill|Prokop the Lesser|cs|Prokop Malý}} {{KIA}}<br>[[Jan Roháč z Dubé|Jan Roháč of Dubá]] {{POW}}
|commander2  =[[Diviš Bořek of Miletínek]]<br>[[Oldřich II of Rosenberg]]
|units1      =
|units2      =
|strength1   =10,700
|strength2   =14,300
|casualties1 =1,300 killed<br>700 [[Death by burning|executed]]
|casualties2 =200 killed
|notes       =
|campaignbox ={{Campaignbox Hussite Wars}}
}}
The '''Battle of Lipany''' (in Czech: ''Bitva u Lipan''), also called the '''Battle of Český Brod''', was fought at Lipany 40&nbsp;km east of [[Prague]] on 30 May 1434 and virtually ended the [[Hussite Wars]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fAXqEAAAQBAJ&dq=Battle+of+Lipany&pg=PA4 |title=The Hussite Wars 1419–36 |date=2024-01-18 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-6638-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Keen |first=Maurice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sqtj4rioa9UC&dq=Battle+of+Lipany&pg=PA312 |title=Medieval Warfare: A History |date=1999-08-26 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-820639-2 |language=en}}</ref> An army of [[Moderate Hussites|moderate Hussite]] (or [[Calixtines|Calixtine]]) nobility and [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]], called the Bohemian League, defeated the radical [[Taborites]] and [[Sirotci|Orphans]] (or ''Sirotci'') led by [[Prokop the Great]], the overall commander, and by [[Jan Čapek of Sány]], the cavalry commander.<ref name=":0" />

== Battle ==
The radicals set up a ''[[Wagenburg (wagon fort)|Wagenburg]]'' on a strategically advantageous hill, and both armies stood opposite each other for some time. An attempt by the [[Calixtines]]/[[Utraquism|Utraquists]] to negotiate and peacefully resolve the conflict failed on account of the irreconcilable positions of the two sides. Three days after the unsuccessful negotiations, the Leaguers advanced to the radicals' encampment. Although the following mutual cannonade was harmless due to distance between the two armies, to the surprise of the radicals the Leaguers began to retreat with all their wagons.

Thinking that the enemy was fleeing, the radicals' commanders opened the ''Wagenburg'' to attack the Leaguers' formation, not knowing that the retreat was a trick to draw them out of the ''Wagenburg''. As the radicals approached the Leaguers' army, the Leaguers stopped and began to fire from their wagons. At the same time, the Leaguers' heavy cavalry, which had been hidden near the radicals' camp, undertook a surprise attack from the side and penetrated into the open ''Wagenburg''. The radicals' army quickly collapsed and the commander of the Orphans' cavalry, Čapek of Sány, fled with all his men to the nearby town of [[Kolín]].

The battle now changed into a massacre of the lightly equipped radical forces. Both [[Prokop the Great]] and {{ill|Prokop the Lesser|cs|Prokop Malý}} were killed making a [[last stand]] at the wagons. Some prominent leaders of the radicals, including [[Jan Roháč z Dubé|Jan Roháč of Dubá]], were captured, but about 700 ordinary soldiers who surrendered after promises of renewed military service were burned to death in nearby barns.

== Aftermath ==
As a consequence of the battle, the Taborite army was markedly weakened, and the Orphans virtually ceased to exist as a military force. The road towards acceptance of the [[Compacts of Basel]] was now open, and it was signed on 5 July 1436 in [[Jihlava]]. The next month, [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] was accepted as King of Bohemia by all major factions. Sigismund commented on the Battle of Lipany that "the [[Bohemia]]ns could be overcome only by Bohemians."

The last formation of Taborites under the command of Jan Roháč of Dubé was besieged at his castle [[Sion, Czech Republic|Sion]] near [[Kutná Hora]]. It was then captured by Sigismund's forces, and on 9 September 1437 Roháč, still refusing to accept Sigismund as his king, was hanged in [[Prague]].

== See also ==
* [[Luděk Marold]] – Painter of the ''Marold's Panorama'', which depicts this battle.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Battle of Lipany}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060304001712/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/matthaywood/main/Hussite_Battles_and_Significant_events.htm The Battles of the Hussite Wars]
* [http://bellum.cz/en/battle-of-lipany.html Bellum.cz – Battle of Lipany 30th May 1434]
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

{{authority control}}
[[Category:1434 in Europe]]
[[Category:Battles of the Hussite Wars|Lipany 1434]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire|Lipany 1434]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1434|Lipany]]
[[Category:Prokop the Great]]
[[Category:History of the Central Bohemian Region]]