Editing Battle of Ciudad Real

{{Short description|1809 Battle of the Peninsular War}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Battle of Ciudad Real
| partof            = the [[Peninsular War]]
| image             = 
| caption           = 
| date              = 27 March 1809{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=394}}
| place             = [[Ciudad Real]], [[Province of Ciudad Real]], [[Castile-La Mancha]], [[Spain]]
| coordinates       = {{coord|38|58|15|N|4|00|25|W}}
| result            = Franco-Polish victory{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=394}}
| combatant1        = {{flagicon|France}} [[First French Empire|French Empire]]<br/>{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Duchy of Warsaw]]
| combatant2        = {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Spain|Kingdom of Spain]]
| commander1        = {{flagicon|France}} [[Horace François Bastien, baron Sébastiani|Horace Sebastiani]]
| commander2        = {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[José de Urbina y Urbina, 3rd conde de Cartaojal|Conde de Cartaojal]]
| strength1         = 12,700{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=394}}
| strength2         = 12,500{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=394}}
| casualties1       = 100{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=394}}
| casualties2       = 3,000{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=394}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Peninsular War (1809-1810)}}
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|40|-5.0}}
|  zoom = 6
|   float = right
|    nolabels = 1
|     width = 304
|     height = 160
| title = [[Peninsular War]]: Castile & Andalusia
| caption = {{legend|black|current battle}}

| shapeD=n-circle
| shape-colorD=dark blue
| shape-outlineD=white
| label-colorD = dark blue
| label-sizeD = 12
| label-posD = left
| label-offset-xD =
| label-offset-yD =

| label1 = Uclés
| mark-coord1 = {{coord|39.98|-2.85}}
| mark-title1 = [[Battle of Uclés (1809)]] at Uclés, on 13 January 1809
| label-pos1 = right

| label2 = 
| mark-coord2 = {{coord|39.15|-5.91}}
| mark-title2 = [[Battle of Miajadas]] at Miajadas, on 21 March 1809

| label3 = 
| mark-coord3 = {{coord|39.58|-3.87}}
| mark-title3 = [[Battle of Los Yébenes]] at Los Yébenes, on 24 March 1809

| label4 = Ciudad Real
| mark-coord4 = {{coord|38.97|-4.01}}
| mark-title4 = Battle of Ciudad Real at Ciudad Real, on 27 March 1809
| label-pos4 = right
| label-color4 = black
| shape-color4 = black

| label5 = Medellín
| mark-coord5 = {{coord|38.97|-5.95}}
| mark-title5 = [[Battle of Medellín]] at Medellín, on 28 March 1809
| label-pos5 = bottom
| label-offset-y5 = -5

| label6 = Alcántara
| mark-coord6 = {{coord|39.72|-6.89}}
| mark-title6 = [[Battle of Alcántara (1809)]] at Alcántara, on 14 May 1809

| label7 = Talavera
| mark-coord7= {{coord|39.97|-4.83}}
| mark-title7 = [[Battle of Talavera]] at Talavera, on 27–28 July 1809
| label-pos7 = top
| label-offset-y7 =4

| label8 =
| mark-coord8 = {{coord|39.8|-5.17}}
| mark-title8 = [[Battle of Arzobispo]] at Arzobispo, on 8 August 1809
| label-pos8 = bottom
| label-offset-x8 = -5
| label-offset-y8 = -6

| label9 =
| mark-coord9 = {{coord|39.73|-3.87}}
| mark-title9 = [[Battle of Almonacid]] at Almonacid, on 11 August 1809

| label10 = Tamames
| mark-coord10 = {{coord|40.66|-6.10}}
| mark-title10 = [[Battle of Tamames]] at Tamames, on 18 October 1809

| label11 =
| mark-coord11 = {{coord|39.95|-3.5}}
| mark-title11 = [[Battle of Ocaña]] at Ocaña, on 19 November 1809

| label12 = Tormes
| mark-coord12 = {{coord|40.83|-5.5}}
| mark-title12 = [[Battle of Alba de Tormes]] at Tormes, on 26 November 1809
| label-pos12 = top
| label-offset-y12 = 4
}}
The '''Battle of Ciudad Real''' was fought on 27 March 1809 and resulted in a [[First French Empire|French]] victory under [[Horace François Bastien, baron Sébastiani|General Sebastiani]] against the [[History of Spain (1700–1810)|Spanish]] under General [[José de Urbina y Urbina, 3rd conde de Cartaojal|Conde de Cartojal]].{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=394}}{{sfn|Esdaile|2003|p=182}}

==Background==
The [[Peninsular War#Spanish campaign, early 1809|Spanish campaign in early 1809]] started with the [[Battle of Uclés (1809)|Battle of Uclés]].

==Battle==
French 4th Corps (with attached Polish division under general Valance) had to cross the bridge over the [[Guadiana]] River which was defended by the Spanish corps of Count Urbina Cartaojal. Polish [[lancer]]s of the [[Legion of the Vistula]] under colonel [[Jan Konopka]] charged through the bridge taking it by surprise, then outflanked Spanish infantry and attacked it from behind as the main French and Polish forces crossed the bridge, and attacked the Spanish front lines.

The battle was over when undisciplined Spanish soldiers dispersed, and began to retreat in the direction of [[Santa Cruz de Mudela|Santa Cruz]].
Józef Rudnicki, adjutant-major of the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Legion, described the battle in his diaries (spelling according to the original):

<blockquote>as soon as the French regiments of the 4th Corps met our division, we rushed immediately toward the [[Consuegra]] and [[Ciudad Real]], before of which town we found the Spanish corps, waiting for us on good positions. We were outnumbered, but thanks to the rational orders of the general [[Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta|Sebastiani]], in some od four hours on 27 March 1809 the Spaniards were defeated and dispersed. They were retreating in chaos toward [[Almagro, Ciudad Real|Almagro]], where the [[Order of Calatrava]] has its home, and toward the [[Santa Cruz de Mudela]], and even further, into the [[Sierra Morena|Sierramorena]] Mountains.{{sfn|Druk|1862|p=64}}</blockquote>

==Results==
The Spanish corps lost some 2000 men killed or wounded and many more were taken prisoner. After the battle the count of Cartojal was deprived of command for incompetency, and replaced by general [[Francisco Javier Venegas, marqués de la Reunión y de Nueva España|Venegas]], hero of the [[Peninsular War|Spanish War of Independence]], and later the viceroy of [[New Spain]].

==Aftermath==
The [[Peninsular War#Spanish campaign, early 1809|Spanish campaign in early 1809]] proceeded with the first Madrid offensive in the [[Battle of Medellín]].

==See also==
* [[Timeline of the Peninsular War]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | last=Bodart | first=Gaston | date=1908 | title=Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905) | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_A0kNAAAAYAAJ | url-access=registration | access-date=21 May 2021}}
* {{cite book | last=Druk | year=1862 | title=Pismo zbiorowe wileńskie na rok 1862 | publisher=W Druk. A.H. Kirkora | url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=qO8uAAAAYAAJ}}
* {{cite book | last=Esdaile | first=Charles J. | year=2003 | title=The Peninsular War | publisher=Palgrave MacMillan | isbn=9781403962317 | url=https://archive.org/details/peninsularwarnew00esda | url-access=registration | access-date=19 May 2021}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | last=Glover | first=Michael  | year=2001 | title=The Peninsular War 1807–1814 | publisher=Penguin | location=London | isbn=0-14-139041-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Kukiel | first=Marian  | year=2001 | title=Dzieje oręża polskiego w epoce napoleońskiej | publisher=Poznań 1912/repr. 1998 | isbn=83-86600-51-9}}
* {{cite book | last1=Consuegra | first1=Martín de | last2=Gómez | first2=A. J. | year=2009 | title=Napoleón en La Mancha. La Ocupación francesa de Ciudad Real. 1809–1813 | isbn=978-1409282518}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | last=remilitari | year=2020 | url=http://remilitari.com/cronolog/napoleon/talavera.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006032219/http://remilitari.com/cronolog/napoleon/talavera.htm | archive-date=6 October 2020 | title=Las Guerras Napoleónicas | access-date=21 May 2021}}
* {{commons-inline}}

{{Sequence
| prev = [[Battle of Los Yébenes]]
| list = Napoleonic Wars
| curr = Battle of Ciudad Real
| next = [[First Battle of Porto]]
}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ciudad Real 1809}}
[[Category:Battles of the Peninsular War involving Spain]]
[[Category:Battles of the Peninsular War involving Poland]]
[[Category:Battles in 1809]]
[[Category:1809 in Spain]]
[[Category:1809 in France]]
[[Category:March 1809]]
[[Category:Military history of Castilla–La Mancha]]
[[Category:History of the province of Ciudad Real]]
[[Category:Ciudad Real]]