Editing Battle of Brienne

{{Short description|1814 battle during the War of the Sixth Coalition}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2012}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict    = Battle of Brienne
|partof=the [[Campaign in north-east France (1814)|Campaign of France]] of the [[War of the Sixth Coalition|Sixth Coalition]]
|image=File:Battle of Brienne Napoleon vs Cossacks.jpg
| caption     = Napoleon was nearly taken by the Cossacks after the battle but was saved by French general [[Gaspard Gourgaud]].
| date        = 29 January 1814
| place       = [[Brienne-le-Château]], [[First French Empire|French Empire]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|48|23|29|N|04|31|15|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_type    = France
| map_relief  = 1
| map_size    = 300
| result      = French victory{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=491}}{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=470}}{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=23}}<br>Inconclusive{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=960}}{{sfn|Егоршина|2023|p=328}}
| territory   = 
| combatant1  = {{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[First French Empire|France]]
| combatant2  = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Prussia|1803}} [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]
* {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire|Russia]]}}
| commander1  = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]]
* {{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Michel Ney]]
* {{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Claude Victor-Perrin]]
* {{flagicon|First French Empire}} [[Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont|Auguste Marmont]]}}
| commander2  = {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|Prussia|1803}} [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|Gebhard von Blücher]]
* {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken|Fabian Osten-Sacken]]
* {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev|Zakhar Olsufiev]]}}
| strength1   = 36,000
| strength2   = 28,000–30,000
| casualties1 = {{plainlist|* 3,000–3,500, 8–11 guns}}
| casualties2 = 3,000–4,000
}}
{{Campaignbox Campaign of France}}
{{OSM Location map
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| title = [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]:<br>[[Campaign in north-east France (1814)|Campaign in north-east France]]
| caption = {{legend|black|current battle}}{{legend|maroon|Napoleon in command}}{{legend|navy|Napoleon not in command}}

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| label1 = Bar-sur-Aube
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| mark-title1 = [[First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube]]<br>on 24 January 1814<br>Second [[Battle of Bar-sur-Aube]]<br>on 27 February 1814
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| mark-title2 = Battle of Brienne<br>on 29 January 1814
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| mark-title4 = [[Battle of Lesmont]]<br>on 2 February 1814
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| mark-title5 = [[Battle of Champaubert]]<br>on 10 February 1814
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| mark-title6 = [[Battle of Montmirail]]<br>on 11 February 1814
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| mark-title7 = [[Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)]]<br>on 12 February 1814
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| mark-title8 = [[Battle of Vauchamps]]<br>on 14 February 1814
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| mark-title9 = [[Battle of Mormant]]<br>on 17 February 1814
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| mark-title10 = [[Battle of Montereau]]<br>on 18 February 1814
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| mark-title11 = [[Battle of Gué-à-Tresmes]]<br>on 28 February 1814
| label-pos11 = top

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| mark-title12 = [[Battle of Saint-Julien (1814)]]<br>on 1 March 1814
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| mark-title13 = [[Battle of Laubressel]]<br>on 3 March 1814
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| mark-title14 = [[Battle of Craonne]]<br>on 7 March 1814
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| label15 = 
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| mark-title15 = [[Battle of Laon]]<br>from 9 to 10 March 1814
| shape-color15 = maroon
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| label16 = 
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| mark-title16 = [[Battle of Mâcon (1814)]]<br>on 11 March 1814

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| mark-title17 = [[Battle of Reims (1814)]]<br>from 12 to 13 March 1814
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| mark-title18 = [[Battle of Limonest]]<br>on 20 March 1814

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| mark-title19 = [[Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube]]<br>from 20 to 21 March 1814
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| mark-title20 = [[Battle of Fère-Champenoise]]<br>on 25 March 1814
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| label21 =
| mark-coord21 = {{coord|48.64|4.95}}
| mark-title21 = [[Battle of Saint-Dizier]]<br>on 26 March 1814
| label-pos21 = right
| shape-color21 = maroon
| label-color21 = maroon

| label22 = Paris
| mark-coord22 = {{coord|48.86|2.35}}
| mark-title22 = [[Battle of Paris (1814)]]<br>from 30 to 31 March 1814
}}
The '''Battle of Brienne''' (29 January 1814) saw an [[First French Empire|Imperial French]] army led by Emperor [[Napoleon]] attack Prussian and Russian forces commanded by Prussian [[Field Marshal]] [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]]. After heavy fighting that went on into the night, the French seized a [[château]], nearly capturing Blücher. However, the French were unable to dislodge the Russians from the town of [[Brienne-le-Château]]. Napoleon himself, making his first appearance on a battlefield in 1814, was also nearly captured. Very early the next morning, Blücher's troops quietly abandoned the town and retreated to the south, conceding the field to the French.

In late December 1813, two Allied armies initially numbering 300,000 men smashed through France's weak defenses and moved west. By late January, Napoleon personally took the field to lead his armies. The French emperor hoped to cripple Blücher's army before it could combine with the main Allied army under Austrian field marshal [[Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg]]. Napoleon's gamble failed, and Blücher escaped to join Schwarzenberg. Three days later, the two Allied armies combined their 120,000 men and attacked Napoleon in the [[Battle of La Rothière]].

==Prelude==
===Plans===
In November 1813, the 70,000 French survivors of the disastrous [[German Campaign of 1813]] crossed to the west bank of the [[Rhine]] River. Emperor Napoleon left 100,000 French soldiers in German garrisons, trapped by enemy blockading forces and hostile populations. All of Napoleon's German allies switched sides and joined the [[Sixth Coalition]]. To the south, [[Marshal of the Empire|Marshal]] [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult]]'s 60,000 men and Marshal [[Louis Gabriel Suchet]]'s 37,000 defended the Spanish border. Napoleon's step-son [[Eugène de Beauharnais]] with 50,000 troops defended the [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy]] against the [[Austrian Empire]]. There were numerous French garrisons in [[Belgium]], the [[Netherlands]] and eastern France, while 15,000 soldiers were isolated in [[Mainz]].{{sfn|Petre|1994|pp=1–2}}

Czar [[Alexander I of Russia]] and King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]] wished to dethrone Napoleon, but Emperor [[Francis I of Austria]] was not anxious to overthrow his son-in-law. Francis also feared that weakening France would [[European balance of power#19th century|strengthen his rivals]], Russia and Prussia. Prince Schwarzenberg followed his emperor's wait-and-see policy, while Blücher yearned to crush Napoleon at the earliest opportunity. [[Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte]], the crown prince of [[Sweden]] and a former French marshal, led a third Allied army. He secretly wished to replace Napoleon as the leader of France and was not inclined to invade his former homeland. The Allied leaders met at [[Frankfurt-am-Main]] to work out a plan to fight Napoleon.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=947}}

In the Allied plan that emerged, [[Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow]] would advance with one of Bernadotte's corps into the Netherlands and be joined there by a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] corps under [[Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch]]. Blücher would cross the middle Rhine with 100,000 troops and occupy Napoleon's attention. Meanwhile, Schwarzenberg would cross the upper Rhine near [[Basel]] with 200,000 men and move toward [[Langres]], falling on the French right flank.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|pp=948–949}}

To oppose this vast array, Napoleon deployed Marshal [[Claude Perrin Victor]] with 10,000 troops on the upper Rhine, Marshal [[Auguste de Marmont]] with 13,000 and [[Horace Sebastiani]] with 4,500 on the middle Rhine and Marshal [[Jacques MacDonald]] with 11,500 on the lower Rhine. Holland and Belgium were held by 15,000 troops led by [[Nicolas Joseph Maison]].{{sfn|Petre|1994|pp=12–13}} In reserve were the [[Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)|Old Guard]] under Marshal [[Édouard Mortier]] and two newly formed Young Guard divisions under Marshal [[Michel Ney]]. Well to the south at [[Lyon]], Marshal [[Pierre Augereau]] was directed to form a new army.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|pp=948–949}}

===Operations===
[[File:EB1911-19-0232-a-Napolonic Campaigns, Campaign of 1814.jpg|thumb|right|upright=2.0|alt=Black and yellow map of the Campaign of 1814 in 1:2,000,000 scale|Campaign of 1814 map shows Brienne on the Aube at lower right center, northwest of [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne]], north-east France.]]

On 22 December 1813, elements of Schwarzenberg's army crossed the upper Rhine and moved into France and Switzerland. Blücher crossed the middle Rhine on 29 December.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|pp=948–949}} Napoleon's cordon defense quickly collapsed in the face of these two Allied armies. Victor soon abandoned [[Nancy, France|Nancy]] and on 13 January 1814 Marmont retreated to [[Metz]]. By 17 January, Marmont, Ney and Victor withdrew behind the [[Meuse]] River. Blücher's army advanced {{convert|75|mi|disp=flip}} in nine days and crossed the Meuse on 22 January. Schwarzenberg reached Langres on 17 January, where the cautious Austrian halted for a few days, convinced that Napoleon was about to attack him with 80,000 troops. When Schwarzenberg moved forward again, Mortier's Imperial Guard slowed his advance by carrying out skillful [[rearguard]] actions.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|pp=950–952}} The [[First Battle of Bar-sur-Aube]] was fought on 24 January between Mortier's guardsmen and two of Schwarzenberg's corps.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=490}}

At first, Napoleon grossly underestimated Allied numbers, crediting Schwarzenberg with 50,000 troops and Blücher with 30,000.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=13}} By the end of January, he formed a more realistic estimate and resolved to prevent the armies of Blücher and Schwarzenberg from joining.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=14}} In fact, the combined Allied armies would number 120,000 soldiers for the Battle of La Rothière on 1 February.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=493}} On that date, the two Coalition armies brought 85,000 men and 200 guns into action against Napoleon, who could only oppose them with 45,100 soldiers and 128 guns.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=30}}

Leaving his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] in charge of the capital, Napoleon departed from [[Paris]] and reached [[Châlons-sur-Marne]] on 26 January 1814. Near Châlons were the following forces. Victor led 14,747 men from the [[II Corps (Grande Armée)|II Corps]] and [[Édouard Jean Baptiste Milhaud]]'s [[V Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)|V Cavalry Corps]]. Marmont headed 12,051 troops from the [[VI Corps (Grande Armée)|VI Corps]] and [[Jean-Pierre Doumerc]]'s [[I Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)|I Cavalry Corps]]. Ney directed 14,505 soldiers in three Young Guard infantry divisions under [[Claude Marie Meunier]], [[Pierre Decouz]] and [[Henri Rottembourg]] and a Guard cavalry division under [[Charles Lefebvre-Desnouettes]]. MacDonald and Sebastiani were approaching from the north with about 10,000 men but were too distant to be available. Mortier with 20,000 soldiers, including 12,000 Imperial Guards, retreated west to [[Troyes]] after his clash with Schwarzenberg's army.{{sfn|Petre|1994|pp=17–18}}

Napoleon directed that his presence at the front should be kept a secret. He issued four days' rations to his army and marched it from Châlons toward [[Saint-Dizier]], where he believed Blücher was located with about 25,000 soldiers and 40 guns. When his army reached Saint-Dizier, he found that his adversary had marched southwest to Brienne-le-Château.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=958}} In a clash at Saint-Dizier on 27 January 1814, Milhaud's 2,100 cavalrymen drove back 1,500 Russians of Sergey Nikolaevich Lanskoy's 2nd [[Hussar]] Division.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=490}} At Brienne, Blücher would be near parts of Schwarzenberg's army and Napoleon hoped to drive the Prussian field marshal's forces into the [[Aube (river)|Aube River]] before he could be reinforced.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=958}} Napoleon was familiar with Brienne; he had entered the Royal School of Brienne at the age of nine on 23 April 1779 and studied there for five and a half years.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=6}}

===Forces===
{{main|Battle of La Rothière order of battle}}
[[File:PetreMap-28-Jan-1814.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.0|alt=Campaign map 28 January 1814|Positions, evening 28 January 1814]]
On 28 January, Napoleon advanced toward Brienne in three columns. [[Étienne Maurice Gérard]]'s right column marched south from [[Vitry-le-François]] and included the infantry divisions of [[Étienne Pierre Sylvestre Ricard]] (of VI Corps) and [[Georges Joseph Dufour]] plus Cyrille Simon Picquet's cavalry. The center column was made up of the Imperial Guard and marched southwest from Saint-Dizier through [[Montier-en-Der]]. The left column, consisting of Victor and Milhaud, marched south to [[Wassy]] before turning west to join the center column at Montier-en-Der. Marmont was left with [[Joseph Lagrange (soldier)|Joseph Lagrange's]] infantry division and the I Cavalry Corps near [[Bar-le-Duc]] to hold off [[Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg]]'s Prussian I Corps. Napoleon sent messages to Mortier at Troyes, [[Étienne Tardif de Pommeroux de Bordesoulle]] at [[Arcis-sur-Aube]] and [[Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais]] at [[Nogent-sur-Seine]] to cooperate with his plan. Russian [[Cossacks]] captured all three couriers and delivered their dispatches to Blücher. By the morning of 29 January, the Prussian field marshal was aware that Napoleon had gotten between him and Yorck and was approaching him from the northeast with 30,000–40,000 soldiers.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=19}}

The roads were in poor condition because of a thaw, but Napoleon's soldiers managed to slog through the mud to reach Montier-en-Der and Wassy by nightfall on 28 January. Blücher was in Brienne with [[Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev]]'s infantry corps while [[Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken]]'s Russian [[army corps]] was farther west at [[Lesmont]]. The Allied VI Corps under [[Peter Wittgenstein]] was approaching [[Joinville, Haute-Marne|Joinville]] but its cavalry under [[Pyotr Petrovich Palen|Peter Petrovich Pahlen]] reached Brienne. Schwarzenberg's headquarters was located at [[Chaumont, Haute-Marne|Chaumont]]. The Allied V Corps under [[Karl Philipp von Wrede]] was between Chaumont and Saint-Dizier.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=20}} The Allied III Corps under [[Ignaz Gyulai]] and the IV Corps under [[William I of Württemberg|Crownprince Frederick William of Württemberg]] were near [[Bar-sur-Aube]]. The Allied I Corps under [[Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld]] was well to the south at [[Châtillon-sur-Seine]] and the Reserve under [[Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly]] was marching from Langres to Chaumont.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=21}}

==Battle==
[[File:Blücher (nach Gebauer).jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.6|alt=Painting shows a stern-looking man with white hair and a moustache. He wears a dark blue uniform with a silver epaulette. There is an [[Iron Cross]] at his neck and a [[Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross]] on his left breast.|Gebhard von Blücher]]

Warned just in time of the impending French attack, Blücher recalled Sacken from Lesmont to Brienne.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=959}} The Prussian field marshal had Olsufiev's 6,000 infantry, Pahlen's 3,000 cavalry and Lanskoy's 1,600 hussars on hand until Sacken arrived. Olsufiev's command was part of [[Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron]]'s Russian army corps. Blücher posted Olsufiev in Brienne, Pahlen in the plain to the northeast and Lanskoy near the Bois d'Ajou (Ajou Woods).{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=21}} The 9th Light Cavalry Division under [[Hippolyte Piré]] at the point of the French advance met three Cossack regiments under Nikolay Grigoryevich Scherbatov at [[Maizières-lès-Brienne]].{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=92}} Scherbatov also directed the 4th and 34th [[Jäger (military)|Jäger]] Regiments which were detached from the Russian 4th Division in the Allied VI Corps.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=93}} Piré was soon joined by the remainder of the V Cavalry Corps under the overall command of [[Emmanuel de Grouchy]]. The French horsemen pressed back Scherbatov and Pahlen after some skirmishing.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=92}} Lefebvre-Desnouettes was wounded during the cavalry action.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=93}}

[[File:Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.6|alt=Painting of a clean-shaven white-haired man. He wears a dark military uniform with gold epaulettes and a blue sash.|Fabian Osten-Sacken]]

By 3:00&nbsp;pm Pahlen retreated through Brienne and reformed his horsemen on the Russian right flank. The French pursuit by the divisions of [[Samuel-François Lhéritier]] and [[André Briche]] stopped when it encountered three battalions of the 4th and 34th Jägers deployed in square formation. Sacken's troops began arriving at Brienne at this time and he sent his cavalry under Ilarion Vasilievich Vasilshikov to the right flank. Napoleon called a halt until 3:30&nbsp;pm when [[Guillaume Philibert Duhesme]]'s II Corps infantry division reached the field. Then the French emperor ordered a general attack.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=93}} For an hour the soldiers of Duhesme and Olsufiev fought to a stalemate. Between 4:00 and 5:00&nbsp;pm Decouz's division of Ney's corps reached the battlefield and was put in on Duhesme's right flank.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=95}} At first Decouz's men were successful in forcing their way deeper into the town. However, Ney called a halt when trouble developed elsewhere on the field.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=96}}

[[File:DelarocheNapoleon.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.6|alt=Painting shows Napoleon after he abdicated at Fontainebleau, 4 April 1814, by [[Paul Delaroche]]|Napoleon in 1814]]
Noticing that Duhesme's division was not supported by cavalry, Blücher hurled 40 cavalry squadrons under Pahlen and Vasilshikov at the French left flank. The Russian horsemen routed Duhesme's division and captured eight artillery pieces.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=95}} In the confusion, a group of Cossacks nearly captured Napoleon, but right afterward the unruffled French emperor rallied his shaken soldiers and led them back into action.{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=959}} Nightfall prevented a worse disaster to Duhesme, which came about because the French cavalry was all deployed on the right flank. By this time, Sacken's troops were all on the field but his wagon train was still lumbering past Brienne.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=22}} Blücher and his [[chief of staff]], [[August Neidhardt von Gneisenau]], thinking that the day's fighting was ended, went to the château. They were nearly made prisoners when some of Victor's infantry led by Louis Huguet-Chateau slipped up to the château by an unguarded road and seized the place.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=23}} This coup was carried out by 400 soldiers of the 37th and 56th Line Infantry Regiments. Huguet-Chateau's men also captured four guns but lost them to a Russian counterattack.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=96}}

Napoleon ordered the divisions of Decouz and Meunier, supported by Lefebvre-Desnouettes' cavalry, to storm Brienne. The assault was completely unsuccessful; Decouz was mortally wounded and one of his brigadiers, Rear Admiral [[Pierre Baste]], was killed outright.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=96}} Another brigadier, [[Jean-Jacques Germain Pelet-Clozeau]] took temporary command of Decouz's division.{{sfn|Horward|1973|p=511}} To keep Sacken's trains from capture, Blücher ordered Sacken to clear the French from Brienne and Olsufiev to retake the château. After bitter fighting, Sacken drove the French from most of the town, but Olsufiev failed to recapture the château.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=23}} Finally, Grouchy sent Lhéritier's horsemen into the town but this gallant effort was futile. At midnight, Blücher ordered Olsufiev's troops to retreat and two hours later gave Sacken instructions to withdraw. The Russian cavalry held their positions until morning.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=96}} The French did not initially notice the Russian withdrawal and finally occupied Brienne at 4:00&nbsp;am.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=23}}

==Result==
Historian [[Francis Loraine Petre]] stated that both sides suffered about 3,000 casualties. He called the action "scarcely a tactical victory for Napoleon; strategically it was little short of a defeat", and noted that the French were unable to keep Blücher from joining Schwarzenberg.{{sfn|Petre|1994|p=23}} [[Gaston Bodart]] asserted that the French had 36,000 men engaged against 30,000 Allies and that each side sustained 3,000 casualties. He called it a French victory.{{sfn|Bodart|1908|p=470}} [[David G. Chandler]] reported that the French lost 3,000 and the Allies 4,000 casualties,{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=959}} but that the battle was "inconclusive".{{sfn|Chandler|1966|p=960}} [[Nikolay Orlov (military writer)|Nikolay Orlov]] also claimed that the battle was indecisive.{{sfn|Егоршина|2023|p=328}} [[Digby Smith]] asserted that Napoleon had 36,000 troops while the Allies had 28,000 and called it a French victory. The French lost 3,500 casualties and 11 guns and the Allies sustained 3,000 casualties. François Louis Forestier, commanding Victor's 2nd Division, lost his life.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=491}} Forestier died of his wounds on 5 February.{{sfn|Broughton|2006}} Decouz succumbed to his wounds on 18 February.{{sfn|Broughton|2001}} [[George Nafziger]] wrote that the French lost eight guns{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=95}} but found the Russian claim to capturing three additional guns doubtful.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=93}} Nafziger gave combined casualties as 6,000 without specifying how many were lost on each side.{{sfn|Nafziger|2015|p=96}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|3}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last=Егоршина |first=Петрова |lang=ru |script-title=ru:История русской армии |trans-title=The history of the Russian Army |location=Moscow |publisher=Edition of the Russian Imperial Library |date=2023 |isbn=978-5-699-42397-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Bodart |first=Gaston |year=1908 |title=Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905) |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_A0kNAAAAYAAJ |url-access=registration |access-date=6 June 2021}}
* {{cite web |last=Broughton |first=Tony |publisher=The Napoleon Series |access-date=19 November 2017 |year=2006 |url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/frenchgenerals/c_frenchgenerals13.html |title=Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789–1815: Fabre to Fyons}}
* {{cite web |last=Broughton |first=Tony |publisher=The Napoleon Series |access-date=19 November 2017 |year=2001 |url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/c_frenchinf3.html#Decouz |title=French Infantry Regiments and the Colonels who Led Them: 1791–1815: Pierre Decouz}}
* {{cite book |last=Chandler |first=David G. |author-link=David G. Chandler |title=The Campaigns of Napoleon |location=New York, N.Y. |publisher=Macmillan |year=1966}}
* {{cite book |last=Horward |first=Donald D. |title=The French Campaign in Portugal 1810–1811: An Account by Jean Jacques Pelet |year=1973 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |location=Minneapolis |isbn=0-8166-0658-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Nafziger |first=George |author-link=George Nafziger |title=The End of Empire: Napoleon's 1814 Campaign |publisher=Helion & Company |location=Solihull, UK |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-909982-96-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Petre |first=F. Loraine |author-link=Francis Loraine Petre |title=Napoleon at Bay |year=1994 |orig-year=1914 |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Mechanicsburg, Pa. |isbn=1-85367-163-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Digby |author-link=Digby Smith |title=The Napoleonic Wars Data Book |year=1998 |location=London |publisher=Greenhill |isbn=1-85367-276-9}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |ref=none |last=Fremont-Barnes |first=Gregory |title=The Napoleonic Wars: The Fall of the French Empire 1813–1815 |year=2002 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=1-84176-431-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/napoleonicwars00greg_0}}
* {{cite web |ref=none |last=Skaarhoj |first=Kasper |title=History of the Brienner Quartier |year=2017 |location=Munich, Germany |url=https://www.brienner-quartier.de/en/history/}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090920084040/http://homepages.paradise.net.nz/mcnelly/vb/scenarios/brienne.htm Description of the battle]
* {{commons-inline}}

{{Sequence
| prev = [[Battle of Sehested]]
| list = Napoleonic Wars
| curr = Battle of Brienne
| next = [[Battle of La Rothière]]
}}
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{{Napoleonic Wars}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brienne 1814}}
[[Category:Battles of the War of the Sixth Coalition involving Prussia]]
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