Editing Battle of Bouvines

{{Short description|Battle ending the 1202–1214 Anglo-French Wars}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| date              = 27 July 1214
| partof            = the [[Anglo-French War (1213–14)|Anglo-French War of 1213–1214]]
| conflict          = Battle of Bouvines
| image             = Bataille de Bouvines gagnee par Philippe Auguste.jpg
| image_size        = 300
| caption           = ''[[The Battle of Bouvines (painting)|The Battle of Bouvines]]'', by [[Horace Vernet]] in 1827.<br>([[Galerie des Batailles]], [[Palace of Versailles]]).
| place             = [[Bouvines]], [[County of Flanders]], [[Kingdom of France]]
| coordinates       = {{Wikidatacoord|Q830626|type:event_region:FR-59|display=inline,title}}
| result            = French victory; [[Truce of Chinon]]
| territory         = Collapse of the [[Angevin Empire]]<br />Deposition of Otto IV
| combatant1        = {{Collapsible list|title=[[France in the Middle Ages|Kingdom of<br />France]]|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;|
* [[Duchy of Burgundy]]
* [[County of Champagne]]
* [[County of Dreux]]
* [[County of Ponthieu]]
* [[County of Saint-Pol]]
* [[Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise|County of Beaumont]]
* [[County of Soissons]]
* [[County of Perche]]
* [[County of Auxerre]]
* [[County of Nevers]]
* [[Lordship of Nemours]]
* [[Lords of Coucy|Lordship of Coucy]]
* [[Viscounty of Melun]]
* [[Duchy of Normandy]]
* [[Duchy of Bretagne]]
[[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]]}}
| combatant2        = {{Collapsible list|title=[[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman<br />Empire]]|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;|
* [[County of Hainaut]]
* [[Kingdom of Germany]]
* [[Duchy of Brabant]]
* [[County of Louvain]]
* [[Duchy of Lorraine]]
* [[County of Holland]]
* [[County of Namur]]
* [[Duchy of Limburg]]
* [[Duchy of Saxony]]
* [[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]
* [[County of Tecklenburg]]
* [[County of Katzenelnbogen]]
* [[Free imperial city]] of [[Dortmund]]}}
[[County of Flanders]]<br>[[Kingdom of England]]<br>[[County of Boulogne]]<br>'''Barony of Boves'''
| commander1        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] (centre)
* [[Robert II of Dreux|Robert II, Count of Dreux]] (left flank)
* [[Eudes III, Duke of Burgundy|Eudes III of Burgundy]] (right flank)}}
{{Collapsible list|{{Plainlist|'''centre:'''
* [[Bartholomew of Roye]]
* [[William I of Garlande|William of Garlande]]
* [[William II des Barres]]
* [[Enguerrand III, Lord of Coucy|Enguerrand III of Coucy]]
* [[Gauthier II of Nemours]]
* [[Girard Scophe]]
'''left flank:'''
* [[Philip of Dreux]]
* [[William IV, Count of Ponthieu|William II of Ponthieu]]
* [[Peter II of Courtenay]]
* [[Thomas of St. Valery]]
'''right flank:'''
* [[Matthew II of Montmorency]]
* [[William I of Sancerre]]
* [[Walter III of Châtillon]]
* Peter of Remi
* Jean, Count of Beaumont
* [[Adam II, Viscount of Melun|Adam II of Melun]]
'''other command:'''
* [[Thomas, Count of Perche|Thomas of Perche]]
* [[Stephen Longchamp]]}}}}
| commander2        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]] (centre)
* [[Renaud de Dammartin|Renaud of Boulogne]] {{POW}} (right flank)
* [[Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders|Ferrand of Flanders]] {{POW}} (left flank)}}
{{Collapsible list|{{Plainlist|'''centre:'''
* [[Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine|Theobald of Lorraine]] {{POW}}
* [[William I of Holland|William of Holland]]
* [[File:Armoiries de Vianden 3.svg|16px]] [[Henry I, Duke of Brabant|Henry of Brabant]]
* [[Philip II, Marquis of Namur|Philip II of Courtenay-Namur]]
* [[Henry III of Limburg]]
* [[Conrad of Dortmund]]
'''right flank:'''
* [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury|William Longespée]] {{POW}}
* [[Hugh of Boves]]
'''left flank:'''
* [[File:Héraldique Province BE Hainaut.svg|16px]] [[Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders|Ferrand of Flanders]] {{POW}}
* [[Arnulf IV of Oudenaarde]]}}}}
| strength1         = 6,000–7,000
* 1,200–1,360 knights
* 300 mounted sergeants
* 5,000–6,000 infantry
| strength2         = 8,800–9,000
* 1,300–1,500 knights
* 7,500 infantry
| casualties1       = Comparatively light
* 2 knights killed
* Unknown infantry losses
| casualties2       = Heavy 
* 169 knights killed
* 131 knights captured
* Heavy infantry losses
}}
{{Campaignbox Anglo-French Bouvines}}

The '''Battle of Bouvines''' took place on 27 July 1214 near the town of [[Bouvines]] in the [[County of Flanders]]. It was the concluding battle of the [[Anglo-French War (1213–14)|Anglo-French War of 1213–1214]]. Although estimates on the number of troops vary considerably among modern historians, at Bouvines, a French army commanded by King [[Philip II of France|Philip Augustus]] routed a larger allied army led by [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]] in one of the rare [[pitched battle]]s of the [[High Middle Ages]] and one of the most decisive [[Middle Ages|medieval]] engagements.

In early 1214, a coalition was assembled against King Philip Augustus of France, consisting of Otto IV, [[King John of England]], Count [[Ferdinand, Prince of Portugal|Ferrand of Flanders]], Count [[Renaud de Dammartin|Renaud of Boulogne]], Duke [[Henry I of Brabant]], Count [[William I of Holland]], Duke [[Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine|Theobald I of Lorraine]], and Duke [[Henry III of Limburg]]. Its objective was to reverse the [[Conquest (military)|conquests]] made by Philip earlier in his reign.

After initial [[Maneuver warfare|manoeuvring]] in late July, battle was offered near Bouvines on 27 July. The long allied [[Column (formation)|column]] deployed slowly into battle order, leaving the allies at a disadvantage. The superior [[discipline]] and training of the French [[Knight|knights]] allowed them to carry out a series of devastating [[Charge (warfare)|charges]], shattering the [[Flanders|Flemish]] knights on the allied left wing. In the centre, the allied knights and infantry under Otto enjoyed initial success, scattering the French urban infantry and nearly killing Philip. A [[counterattack]] by French knights smashed the isolated Allied infantry and Otto's entire centre division fell back. Otto fled the battle and his knightly followers were defeated by the French knights, who went on to capture the Imperial [[Reichsadler|eagle]] [[Heraldic flag|standard]]. With the allied centre and left wing routed, only the soldiers of the right wing under Renaud of Boulogne and [[William de Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury|William de Longespée]] held on. They were killed, captured or driven from the field. A pursuit was not conducted as it was nearly dark.

The crushing French victory dashed English and Flemish hopes of regaining their lost territories. Having lost all credibility as emperor following the battle, Otto IV was deposed by Pope [[Innocent III]], leading to [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]'s accession to the Imperial throne. King John was compelled to hand over [[County of Anjou|Anjou]], the ancient patrimony of the [[House of Plantagenet|Angevin kings of England]], to Philip in a [[Truce of Chinon|peace]] settlement. This confirmed the collapse of the [[Angevin Empire]]. The disaster at Bouvines forever altered the political situation in England, as John was so weakened that his discontented barons forced him to agree to [[Magna Carta]] in 1215. Counts Ferrand, Renaud and Longespée were captured and imprisoned. The balance of power shifted, with the [[pope]]s of the 13th century increasingly seeking the support of a powerful France. Philip had achieved remarkable success in the expansion of [[Crown lands of France|his realm]] and by the end of his reign, in 1223, had not only laid the foundations for the era of [[House of Capet|Capetian]] pre-eminence in Europe which followed and marked much of the [[Late Middle Ages]], but also those of the [[absolute monarchy|absolutism]] that came to define the [[Ancien Régime]].

==Prelude==
In 1214, Count [[Ferdinand of Flanders]] desired the return of the cities of [[Aire-sur-la-Lys]] and [[Saint-Omer]], which he had recently lost to King [[Philip II of France]], in the [[Treaty of Pont-à-Vendin]]. He thus broke allegiance with Philip and assembled a broad coalition including [[Emperor Otto IV]], [[King John of England]], Duke [[Henry I of Brabant]], Count [[William I of Holland]], Duke [[Theobald I of Lorraine]], and Duke [[Henry III of Limburg]].{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=239}}

The campaign was planned by John, who was the fulcrum of the alliance; his plan was to draw the French away from Paris southward towards his forces and keep them occupied, while the main army, under Emperor Otto IV, marched on Paris from the north.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=239}} John's plan was followed initially, but the allies in the north moved slowly. John, after two encounters with the French, retreated to [[Aquitaine]] on 3 July.

On 23 July, having summoned his [[vassal]]s, Philip had an army consisting of 6,000 to 8,000 soldiers.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|pp=245–246}} The Emperor finally succeeded in concentrating his forces at [[Valenciennes]], although this did not include John, and in the interval Philip had counter-marched northward and regrouped.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=240}} Philip now took the offensive himself, and after manoeuvring to obtain good ground for his cavalry he offered battle on 27 July, on the plain east of Bouvines and the river [[Marque (river)|Marque]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=336–337}}

Otto was surprised by the speed of his enemy and was thought to have been caught unprepared by Philip, who probably deliberately lured Otto into his trap. Otto decided to launch an attack on what was then the French rearguard.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=241}}

The allied army drew up facing south-west towards Bouvines, the heavy cavalry on the wings and the infantry in one great mass in the centre, supported by a [[cavalry]] corps under Otto himself. The French army formed up opposite in a similar formation, cavalry on the wings, infantry, including the town militias, in the centre. Philip, with the cavalry reserve and the royal standard, the [[Oriflamme]], positioned himself to the rear of the men on foot.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=336–337}} It is said by [[William the Breton]], chaplain to Philip at the battle, that the soldiers stood in line in a space of 40,000 steps ({{convert|abbr=on|15|ha|disp=or}}), which leaves very little clearance and predisposes to hand-to-hand fighting. William the Breton also says in his chronicle that "the two lines of combatants were separated by a small space".{{sfn|Duby|1990}}

==Order of battle==
===French===
[[File:Batalla de Bouvines (28492801467).jpg|thumb|400px|Pre-battle dispositions]]

The French army contained 1,200–1,360 knights (of whom 765 were from the [[Crown lands of France|royal demesne]]) and 300 mounted sergeants.{{sfn|Bradbury|1996|pp=244–245}}{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=245}} Philip had launched an appeal to the municipalities in northern France, in order to obtain their support. Sixteen of the thirty-nine municipalities of the royal demesne answered the call to arms. They provided 3,160 infantry, broken down as: Amiens 250, Arras 1,000, Beauvais 500, Compiegne 200, Corbie 200, Bruyeres 120, Cerny and Crepy-en-Laonnais 80, Crandelain 40, Hesdin 80, Montreuil-sur-Mer 150, Noyon 150, Roye 100, Soissons 160, and Vailly 50.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=245}} The balance of the infantry, possibly another 2,000 men, was composed of mercenaries.{{sfn|Heath|1990|p=10}} The other communes of the royal demesne were supposed to provide a further 1,980 infantry, but it is doubtful that they did.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=245}} In total, the royal army totalled approximately 6,000–7,000 men. The royal ''[[fleur-de-lis]]'' standard was borne by Galon or Gales of Montigny.

The royal army was divided into three parts, or "[[Battle (formation)|battles]]":{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|pp=242–245, 250}}

* The right wing, composed of the knights of [[Champagne, France|Champagne]] and [[Franche-Comté|Burgundy]], was commanded by Eudes, Duke of Burgundy, and his lieutenants: [[Walter III of Châtillon|Gaucher of Châtillon]], Count of Saint-Pol, Count Guillaume I de Sancerre, Count de Beaumont, [[Matthieu II of Montmorency|Mathieu of Montmorency]] and Adam II Viscount of Melun. In the front of the right wing were men-at-arms and militia from Burgundy, Champagne, and [[Picardy (region)|Picardy]] led by 150 mounted sergeants from [[Soissons]].
* The central battle was led by [[Philip Augustus]] and his chief knights – Guillaume des Barres, Bartholomé de Roye, Girard Scophe, Guillaume de Garland, [[Enguerrand III de Coucy|Enguerrand of Coucy]] and [[Duke of Nemours|Gautier of Nemours]]. In front of the King and his 175 knights were 2,150 infantry from the towns of the [[Île de France]] and [[Normandy]].
* The left wing was led by [[Robert III, Count of Dreux|Robert of Dreux]], supported by [[William IV, Count of Ponthieu|Count William of Ponthieu]]. The main body of the left wing consisted of Bretons and militia from [[Dreux]], [[Perche]], [[Ponthieu]], and Vimeux.
* The bridge of Bouvines, the only means of retreat across the marshes, was guarded by 150 sergeants-at-arms, who also formed the French reserve.

===Allied===
Otto's army contained some 1,300–1,500 knights: 600–650 Flemish, 425–500 Hainaulter and 275–350 from elsewhere.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|pp=246–247}} He also fielded approximately 7,500 infantry, to give a total force of just under 9,000 men. The imperial army was also formed up in three battles:{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|pp=249–250}}

* The left [[Flanking maneuver|flank]], under the command of [[Ferdinand, Prince of Portugal|Ferrand of Flanders]] with his Flemish knights – directed by Arnaud of Oudenaarde. The infantry were from [[Flanders]] and [[County of Hainaut|Hainaut]].
* The centre was under the command of Otto and of [[Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine|Theobald, Duke of Lorraine]], [[Henry I, Duke of Brabant|Henry, Duke of Brabant]], and [[Philip II, Marquis of Namur|Philip Courtenay, Marquis of Namur]]. It included many Saxons and infantry from [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]] and Germany. In the front of the battle stood German pike phalanxes. Saxon infantry formed the second line. Otto stood between these with 50 German knights.
* The right flank, under the command of [[Renaud de Dammartin]], included Brabant infantry and English knights, the latter under the command of the [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury|Earl of Salisbury, William Longespée]].
* On the extreme right, English archers supported the flank of both the Brabant infantry and the nobles of the two Lorraines (i.e. of the [[Duchy of Lorraine]] and the [[County of Bar]]).

==Battle==
===Allied left===
[[File:Capture of Ferrand.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The capture of [[Ferdinand, Count of Flanders]] in an illustration of the battle made around 1330.]]

The battle opened with an attack by 150 light cavalrymen from the [[Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soissons]] against the Flemish knights on the allied left, aiming to throw it into confusion. The Flemish knights easily drove off the unarmoured horsemen. Some Flemish knights left their formations and chased the retreating light cavalry; 180 French knights from Champagne in turn attacked and killed or captured the over-aggressive Flemish knights.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=242}}{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=251}} The Count of Flanders counter-attacked with his entire force of 600 knights and threw the French back.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|pp=246, 251}}

Gaucher de Châtillon launched his 30 knights at the Flemish force, followed by a further 250 knights.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=242}}{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=251}} They carried out a continuous series of charges, and halted the allied advance.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=251}} Many knights on both sides fell from their horses in the first clash. The French were better ordered than the more loosely formed Flemish knights, and the allied ranks grew thinner as they were assaulted by the compact French masses. Châtillon and Melun with their knights broke through the ranks of their Flemish counterparts, then wheeled and struck them from the rear, constantly switching targets. St. Pol's knights and the Burgundians engaged in an exhausting struggle against the Flemings, taking no prisoners. The Duke of Burgundy's horse was killed and the Duke thrown to the ground, but he was saved by his knights, who beat off the Flemish and found him a fresh horse.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=252}}

The Flemings fought on for three hours despite their increasingly desperate situation, driven by [[Chivalry|knightly honour]]. Finally, the wounded and unhorsed Count of Flanders was captured by two French knights, triggering the collapse of his knights' morale.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=252}}{{sfn|DeVries|2006|pp=80–89}}

===Centre===
[[File:Philip II and Hugh de Boves at Battle of Bouvines.png|right|thumb|460px|King Philip unhorsed (shown wearing crown at left) and Hugh de Boves at right fleeing the Battle of Bouvines, from the ''[[Chronica Majora]]'', c. 1250, written and illustrated by [[Matthew Paris]].]]

The French urban [[militia]] infantry, 2,150 strong, were gathered under the Oriflamme in the centre, in front of Philip's knights and the ''[[fleur-de-lis]]'' standard.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|pp=245, 252}} Soon after deploying, they were attacked by allied knights and infantry under Otto and thrown back.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=252}} Otto and his knights had nearly reached the French king when they were halted by French knights.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|pp=252–253}} The allied infantrymen broke through to Philip and his handful of knightly companions, unhorsing him with their hooked pikes. The French king's [[armour]] deflected an enemy [[lance]] and saved his life. Galon or Gales de Montigny used the royal standard to signal for help and another knight gave Philip a fresh horse.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=253}}

The allied infantry used [[dagger]]s to stab unhorsed French knights through the openings in their helmets and other weak spots in their armour. The Norman knight [[Stephen Longchamp|Etienne de Longchamp]] was killed in this way and the French suffered heavy losses. After repeated French counterattacks and a prolonged fight the allies were thrown back.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=253}}{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=336–337}}

The battle in the centre was now a mêlée between the two mounted reserves led by the King and the Emperor in person. The French knight Pierre Mauvoisin nearly captured Otto and his horse and Gérard la Truie stabbed the Emperor with a dagger, which bounced off his [[hauberk|coat]] of [[mail (armour)|mail]] and struck Otto's horse in the eye, killing it. Otto was saved by four German lords and their followers.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=336–337}} As the French sent more knights to attack him personally he fled the field. The German knights fought to the bitter end to save their emperor, all being killed or captured. The Imperial Standard with the eagle and dragon was captured by the French knights, who brought it to their king. By this time, allied resistance in the centre had ceased.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=253}}

===Allied right===
Meanwhile, on the French left Robert de Dreux's troops were at first pressed by men led by William Longespée.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=254}} William Longespée was unhorsed and taken prisoner by [[Philip of Dreux]], the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais|Bishop of Beauvais]], and the English soldiers fled. Mathieu de Montmorency captured twelve enemy imperial banners, in memory of which feat twelve more eagles were added to the existing four on the Montmorency coat of arms.{{sfn|Eysenbach|1848|p=321}}

===Last stand===
[[File:Prisonniers Bouvines.jpg|thumb|[[Ferdinand, Count of Flanders|Ferrand of Flanders]] and [[Renaud I, Count of Dammartin|Reginald of Boulogne]] being conveyed as prisoners to Paris (from the ''[[Grandes Chroniques de France]]'', c. 1375–1380). Ferrand was released in 1227 and died soon after of a disease contracted in prison. Renaud was kept in chains and killed himself in 1227.]]

The day was already decided in favour of the French when their wings began to close inwards to cut off the retreat of the imperial centre.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=253}} The battle closed with the celebrated stand of [[Reginald of Boulogne]] (Renaud de Dammartin), a former vassal of King Philip, who formed a ring of 400–700 [[Brabançons|Brabançon pikemen]]. They defied every attack by the French cavalry, while Reginald made repeated sorties with his small force of knights.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=254}} Eventually, long after the Imperial army had retreated, the Brabant [[Sheltron|schiltrom]] was overrun by a charge of 50 knights and 1,000–2,000 infantry under Thomas de St. Valery. Reginald was taken prisoner in the melee. A pursuit was not conducted owing to the approaching nightfall and a fear that the prisoners might escape. The French formations were recalled using trumpets.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=255}}

==Aftermath==
The French cavalry had 2 knights killed; the French infantry casualties are not recorded.{{sfn|Kibler|Zinn|2017|p=142}}{{sfn|Dougherty|2016|p=58}} The Allies had 169 knights killed and "heavy" but unquantified losses among the infantry; including between 400 and 700 Brabant infantry killed.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|pp=336–337}} As well as Reginald of Boulogne two other counts were captured by the French, Hainaut Ferrand and [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury|William Longespée]], as well as twenty-five barons and over a hundred knights.{{sfn|Verbruggen|1997|p=255}}

The battle ended the threat from both Otto and John.{{sfn|Baldwin|1986|p=381}} According to [[Jean Favier]], Bouvines is "one of the most decisive and symbolic battles in the history of France".{{sfn|Favier|1993|p=176}} For [[Philippe Contamine]] "the Battle of Bouvines had both important consequences and a great impact".{{sfn|Contamine|1992|p=83}} [[Ferdinand Lot]] called it a "medieval [[Battle of Austerlitz|Austerlitz]]".{{sfn|Lot|1941|p=}}

Philip returned to [[Paris]] triumphant, marching his captive [[Prisoner of war|prisoners]] behind him in a long procession, as his subjects lined the streets to greet the victorious king. In the aftermath of the battle, Otto retreated to his castle of [[Harzburg]] and was soon overthrown as Holy Roman Emperor by Frederick II, who had already been recognised as emperor in the south a year and a half earlier.{{sfn|Kamp|1995|p=}} Count Ferdinand remained imprisoned following his defeat, while King John obtained a five-year truce, on very lenient terms given the circumstances.{{sfn|Gillingham|1984|p=106}} Longespée was eventually [[Prisoner exchange|exchanged]] for a high-ranking French captive, but the Count of Boulogne was imprisoned in a small cell, chained to a log and with little room for movement. He eventually committed suicide in 1227.{{sfn|Bradbury|1996|pp=312—313}} 

Philip's decisive victory was crucial to the political situation in England. The battle ended all hope of a restoration of the [[Angevin Empire]].{{sfn|Sumption|1990|p=355}} So weakened was the defeated King [[John of England|John]] that he soon needed to submit to his barons' demands and agree to [[Magna Carta]] in 1215, limiting the power of the crown and establishing the basis for common law.{{sfn|France|2015|pp=251–253}}

<gallery widths="200px" heights="170px">
File:La France victorieuse à Bouvines.JPG|''France Victorious at Bouvines'', allegorical painting by [[Merry-Joseph Blondel]], 1828, in the decoration of the [[Louvre]]
File:St Pol.png|A detail of one of the stained-glass windows installed in the parish church of [[Bouvines]] in 1914
</gallery>

==Commemoration==
In thanksgiving for the victory, Philip Augustus founded the Abbey of Notre Dame de la Victoire, between Senlis and Mont l'Evêque.{{sfn|Morel|1864|p=280}} In 1914, to mark the seventh centenary, [[Félix Dehau]] had the parish church of Bouvines rebuilt with a number of stained-glass windows representing the history of the battle.{{sfn|Association Bouvines a|2014}} In 2014, the eighth centenary was commemorated in Bouvines by an association called Bouvines 2014. A series of events, including an official ceremony and a show called "Bouvines la Bataille", attracted more than 6,000 viewers in Bouvines.{{sfn|Association Bouvines b|2014}}

==See also==
* [[Anglo-French Wars]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Baldwin |first=John W. |author-link=John W. Baldwin |title=The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3IojohYAe4EC&pg=PA381 |year=1986 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |location=Berkeley, Cal. |isbn=978-0-520-07391-3}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.bouvines2014.fr/commune-bouvines-php/le-700e-anniversaire-en-1914/ |title=Le 700è anniversaire en 1914 |date=2014 |website=Bouvines la Bataille |publisher=Association Bouvines |access-date=30 November 2018 |language=Fr |ref={{sfnref|Association Bouvines a|2014}}}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.bouvines2014.fr/les-projets-association/son-et-lumiere/ |title=Son et Lumière |date=2014 |website=Bouvines la Bataille |publisher=Association Bouvines |access-date=30 November 2018 |language=Fr |ref={{sfnref|Association Bouvines b|2014}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Bradbury |first=Jim |date=1996 |title=Philip Augustus: King of France 1180–1223 |location=Florence |publisher=Taylor and Francis |isbn=978-1-315-84582-1 |author-link=Jim Bradbury}}
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Bouvines |volume=4 |pages=336–337}} {{OCLC|221022251}}
* {{cite book |last=Contamine |first=Philippe |date=1992 |title=Histoire militaire de la France |language=Fr |location=Paris |publisher=PUF |isbn=978-2-213-03139-2 |author-link=Philippe Contamine}}
* {{cite book |last=DeVries |first=Kelly |date=2006 |title=Battles of the Medieval World: 1000–1500 |url=https://archive.org/details/battlesofmedieva0000devr |location=London |publisher=Amber |isbn=978-1-904687-64-1 |author-link=Kelly DeVries |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last=Dougherty |first=Martin J. |title=Weapons and Fighting Techiniques of the Medieval Warrior |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gL1GDwAAQBAJ |year=2016 |publisher=Book Sales |isbn=978-0-7858-3425-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Duby |first=Georges |date=1990 |title=The Battle of Bouvines According to William the Breton (prose account) |url=http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/bouvines5.htm |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-06238-2 |author-link=Georges Duby |translator=Catherine Tihanyi |access-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617052651/http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/bouvines5.htm |archive-date=17 June 2010}}
* {{cite book |last=Eysenbach |first=Gabriel |date=1848 |title=History of Heraldry and the Science of Coats-of-Arms |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPRUAwtJkEoC&pg=PA321 |location=Tours |publisher=Ad Mame |oclc=931242374}}
* {{cite book |last=Favier |first=Jean |date=1993 |title=Dictionnaire de la France médiévale |location=Paris |publisher=Fayard |language=Fr |isbn=978-2-213-03139-2 |author-link=Jean Favier |oclc=231581577}}
* {{cite book |last=France |first=John |chapter=The Battle of Bouvines 27 July 1214 |title=The Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military History in Honor of Bernard S. Bachrach |editor-first=Gregory I. |editor-last=Halfond |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tTjWBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA251 |year=2015 |pages=251–271 |location=Farnham, Surrey |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-4724-1958-3}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Angevin Empire |last=Gillingham |first=John |publisher=Hodder Arnold |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-340-74115-3 |author-link=John Gillingham |location=London}}
* {{cite book |last=Heath |first=Ian |date=1990 |title=Armies of Feudal Europe 1066–1300 |location=Goring-by-Sea, Sussex |publisher=Wargames Research Group |oclc=28927648}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Kamp |first=Norbert |language=It |date=1995 |volume=45 |title=FEDERICO II di Svevia, imperatore, re di Sicilia e di Gerusalemme, re dei Romani |encyclopedia=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/federico-ii-di-svevia-imperatore-re-di-sicilia-e-di-gerusalemme-re-dei-romani_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |location=Rome |editor=Farinacci-Fedrigo |publisher=Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana |oclc=35265711}}
* {{cite book |last1=Kibler |first1=William W. |last2=Zinn |first2=Grover A. |date=2017 |title=Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia |location= |publisher=Taylor & Francis |language=en |isbn=978-1-351-66566-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XEQrDwAAQBAJ&q=Bouvines+169+knights}}
* {{cite book |last=Lot |first=Ferdinand |date=1941 |title=La France, des origines à la guerre de cent ans |location=Paris |publisher=Gallimard |language=Fr |oclc=489885191 |author-link=Ferdinand Lot}}
* {{cite book |last=Morel |first=Auguste |date=1864 |language=Fr |title=De Paris a Cologne, a Bruxelles, a Senlis, a Laon, a Dinant, a Givet, a Luxemburg, a Trèves, a Maestricht: itinéraire descriptif et historique |location=Paris |publisher=Hachette |oclc=918025600}}
* {{cite book |last=Sumption |first=Jonathan |title=Trial by Battle |location=London |publisher=Faber and Faber |date=1990 |author-link=Jonathan Sumption, Lord Sumption |isbn=978-0-571-20095-5 |oclc=819663446}}
* {{cite book |last=Verbruggen |first=J.F. |translator-last=Willard |translator-first=S. |title=The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages: From the Eighth Century to 1340 |trans-title=De Krijgskunst in West-Europa in de Middeleeuwen, IXe tot begin XIVe eeuw |orig-date=1954 |year=1997 |publisher=[[Boydell Press]] |edition=2nd |location=[[Suffolk]] |isbn=0-85115-630-4}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/bouvines.htm Historical accounts] at De Re Militari, The Society for Medieval Military History

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bouvines 1214}}
[[Category:1214 in Europe]]
[[Category:13th century in the county of Flanders]]
[[Category:Battles of the Anglo-French wars]]
[[Category:Battles involving Flanders]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Kingdom of France (987–1792)]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire|Bouvines 1214]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1214]]
[[Category:Military history of Nord (French department)]]
[[Category:Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor]]
[[Category:Philip II of France]]
[[Category:13th-century military history of France]]
[[Category:13th-century military history of the Kingdom of England]]