Editing Batman: Year One

{{short description|1987 story arc in Batman comic book series}}
{{for|the film adaptation|Batman: Year One (film){{!}}''Batman: Year One'' (film)}}
{{Infobox comic book title
| image          = Batman vol. 1-404 (January 1987).jpg
| imagesize      =
| caption        = Cover of ''Batman'' #404, the first part of the ''Batman: Year One'' storyline. Art by [[David Mazzucchelli]]
| publisher      = [[DC Comics]]
| startmo        = February
| startyr        = 1987
| endmo          = May
| endyr          = 1987
| genre          =
| main_char_team = {{ubl|[[Batman]]|[[Jim Gordon (character)|Jim Gordon]]}}
| writers        = [[Frank Miller]]
| artists        = [[David Mazzucchelli]]
| inkers         =
| pencillers     =
| letterers      = [[Todd Klein]]
| editors        = [[Dennis O'Neil]]
| colorists      = [[Richmond Lewis]]
| TPB            = Trade Paperback
| ISBN           = 0930289331
| TPB1           = Hardcover
| ISBN1          = 0930289323
| TPB2           = Trade Paperback (Warner Books)
| ISBN2          = 0446389234
| TPB3           = Trade Paperback (Titan Books)
| ISBN3          = 1852860774
| TPB4           = 2005 Deluxe Edition (Hardcover)
| ISBN4          = 1401206905
| TPB5           = 2005 Deluxe Edition (Trade Paperback)
| ISBN5          = 1401207529
| TPB6           = 2012 Deluxe Edition
| ISBN6          = 1401233422
| TPB7           = Book with Blu-ray & DVD set
| ISBN7          = 1401260047
| TPB8           = [[Absolute Edition]]
| ISBN8          = 1401243797
| TPB9           = 2017 Deluxe Edition
| ISBN9          = 1401272940
| TPB10          = [[Artist's Edition]]
| ISBN10         = 9798887240039
| sort           = Batman: Year One
}}
'''''Batman: Year One''''' is an [[American comic book]] [[story arc]] written by [[Frank Miller]] and illustrated by [[David Mazzucchelli]]. ''Year One'' was originally published by [[DC Comics]] in ''[[Batman (comic book)|Batman]]'' #404-407 monthly issues format in 1987. The story recounts [[Batman]]'s first year as a crime-fighter as well as exploring the life of recently transferred Gotham police detective [[Jim Gordon (character)|Jim Gordon]], building towards their first encounter and their eventual alliance against Gotham's criminal underworld.

==Publication history==
===Development===
In an effort to resolve continuity errors in the [[DC Universe]], [[Marv Wolfman]] and [[George Pérez]] produced the 12-issue [[Limited series (comics)|limited series]] ''[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]''.<ref name="backissue30">{{cite journal|last1=Greeberger|first1=Robert|title=Crisis at 30: A Look Back at the Most Influential Crossover in Comics History|journal=[[Back Issue!]]|date=August 2015|issue=82}}</ref> Wolfman's plans for the DC Universe after ''Crisis on Infinite Earths'' included relaunching every DC comic with a new first issue.<ref name="Slugfest152">{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Reed |date=October 2017 |title=Slugfest |location=[[New York City]] |publisher=[[Da Capo Press]] |page=152 |isbn=978-0306825477 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hoyYDgAAQBAJ |access-date=2020-12-07 |archive-date=2024-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308084652/https://books.google.com/books?id=hoyYDgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Frank Miller Fan Expo Wiki.jpg|thumb|left|Frank Miller, the author of ''Year One'', at the Fan Expo 2016 in Toronto, Canada]]
During the production of ''Crisis on Infinite Earths'', [[Frank Miller]] was the writer of [[Marvel Comics]]' ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' where he finished his long run with the character in issue #191. He went on to work for DC and produced the influential four-issue limited series ''[[The Dark Knight Returns|Batman: The Dark Knight Returns]]'' (1986), but was put on hold due to unsuccessfully developing ideas for the story. In 1985, Miller returned to Marvel to resume his role as the writer of ''Daredevil'' starting with issue #219. At some point, he fully committed himself into developing ''The Dark Knight Returns'' as ideas came to fruition. By the time the ''Daredevil'' series reached to issue #226 in 1986, editor [[Dennis O'Neil]] who was the regular writer for Daredevil at that time moved on from Marvel to work for DC again where he helped Miller to edit ''The Dark Knight Returns''. For Daredevil #226, Miller and artist [[David Mazzucchelli]] collaborated for the first time and then they collaborated again on the critically acclaimed seven issues #227-233 which eventually titled as ''[[Born Again (comics)|Daredevil: Born Again]]'' in the collected edition.

The contract Miller signed to produce ''Dark Knight Returns'' also required him to write a revamped Batman origin story. Year One was originally conceived as a [[graphic novel]]. O'Neil, who had been asked to edit several issues of ''Batman'', was friends with Miller and was able to learn of the story. Reflecting on poor sales of ''Batman'', O'Neil caught Miller one day while on a walk in [[Los Angeles]] and convinced him and Mazzucchelli to serialize the story in the ongoing series.<ref name="ONeil13th">{{cite web|last1=Greenfield|first1=Dan|title=The DENNY O'NEIL INTERVIEWS — Batman: Year One|url=https://13thdimension.com/the-denny-oneil-interviews-batman-year-one/|website=13th Dimension|access-date=May 20, 2018|date=September 22, 2014|archive-date=October 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014113625/https://13thdimension.com/the-denny-oneil-interviews-batman-year-one/|url-status=live}}</ref> Miller was initially reluctant; he felt this would be hard because he had to ensure the story stayed canonical to the DC Universe, something he did not have to worry about when writing ''Batman: The Dark Knight Returns''. In addition, Miller's pacing would have to be altered because of ongoing series' relatively small page counts. O'Neil reasoned that ''Crisis on Infinite Earths'' had completely remade the DC Universe, so Miller would be able to have the same creative freedom that ''Dark Knight Returns'' provided.<ref name="nerd">{{cite book|last1=Weldon|first1=Glen|author-link=Glen Weldon|title=The Caped Crusade: Batman and the Rise of Nerd Culture|date=2016|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=978-1-4767-5669-1}}</ref> He also reassured Miller that he and Mazzucchelli "weren't going to lose anything" by serializing it.<ref name="ONeil13th"/>

Miller has said he kept [[Bob Kane]] and [[Bill Finger|Bill Finger's]] basic story for Year One but expanded it.<ref name="NPRTalk">{{cite web|title='Batman' Author Frank Miller|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4704766|publisher=[[NPR]]|access-date=May 22, 2018|date=June 15, 2005|archive-date=October 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014113637/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4704766|url-status=live}}</ref> In writing the story, Miller looked for parts of Batman's origin that were never explored. He left the core elements, such as the murder of Bruce's parents, intact, but reduced them to brief [[Flashback (narrative)|flashbacks]]. Bruce's globe-trotting adventures were removed, as Miller found them uninteresting. Rather than portraying Batman as a larger-than-life icon as he had in ''The Dark Knight Returns'', Miller chose to characterize Batman in Year One as an average, inexperienced man trying to make a change in society because Miller believed a superhero is least interesting when most effective. Examples of this include Batman underestimating his opponents, getting shot by police, and his costume being too big. The story's violence was kept street-level and gritty, emphasizing [[Noir fiction|noir]] and realism.<ref name="nerd"/>

===Artwork===
[[File:6.28.12DavidMazzuchelliByLuigiNovi36.jpg|thumb|[[David Mazzucchelli]] autographing a copy of the 2005 deluxe edition trade paperback in 2012]]
{{quote box|width=33%|align=right|thumb|quote=Comics printed on newspaper had an available palette of only about 60 colors, which Richmond utilized brilliantly. — Bonus pages in the 2005 deluxe edition, 2016 Absolute Edition Book One, and 2017 deluxe edition.|Mazzucchelli explaining Lewis did an amazing job with her hand painting technique in coloring Year One for the 404-407 monthly issues even thought the newsprint paper material can only print limited amount of colors to match visuals.}}
Miller's past projects for ''Daredevil'' overwhelmed him since he had to handle both writing and illustration duties simultaneously. For ''Year One'', he once again relied on a comic book artist for illustrations while he simply wrote the story and the script. Mazzucchelli signed on to illustrate the artwork after accepting Miller's offering to do Batman. The team also consisted of Mazzucchelli's wife [[Richmond Lewis]] who was in charge of coloring, [[Todd Klein]] as the story's [[letterer]], and O'Neil editing the overall story.

In illustrating, Mazzucchelli sought to make Year One look grimy, dark, and muted. His interpretation of [[Gotham City]] was designed to symbolize corruption, featuring muddy colors that gave the impression of the city being dirty and needing a hero, so Mazzucchelli took on Year One with a more grounded and darker approach.<ref name="visual"/> Newsprint used in most ''Batman'' titles served as the printing paper for Year One during its monthly issues run. In 1988, Year One was published in the collected edition format with Mazzucchelli specifically opted to change the printing paper from newsprint into the [[CMYK color model|process color paper]] that was used in Miller's ''Dark Knight Returns''. He felt this paper material is designed to print lots of colors, more than what newsprint was capable of. With many sets of color available from the [[Hue|color hue]], Lewis recolored the entire story in order to match the visuals printed on the paper.

{{blockquote|'''Mazzucchelli:''' There's a big difference coloring for full process instead of newsprint. Although you have a wide range of colors available in regular comics, the paper can only take so many different colors before they start to look the same. The colors have to be pretty bold for the reader to differentiate between characters and objects.<br>'''Lewis:''' I think newsprint has a lot of possibilites that haven't been explored yet, but of course with [[CMYK color model|process color]] you have a lot more to work with. The trick is in trying to control it, to keep to the simplicity of newsprint color while using the fuller range available in process ... but only where it's needed.|source=Interview of Mazzucchelli and Lewis on why the 1988 collected edition did not reuse newsprint as printing paper. ''DC Direct Currents #1, published on February 1988'' [https://ultimatebatmancomicswebsite.weebly.com/batman-year-one-coloring.html]}}

===Publication===
In accordance with Wolfman's plans,<ref name="Slugfest152"/> O'Neil initially saw "Year One" as the start of the second volume of ''Batman'' and expected the first part to be its first issue. However, Miller rejected this idea. He explained: "I don't need to slash through continuity with a sharp blade as I thought. Doing ''The Dark Knight Returns'' has shown me there's been enough good material... I didn't feel that fleshing out an unknown part of Batman's history justified wiping out 50 years of [adventures]."<ref name="visual"/> Thus, the four "Year One" issues bear no continuity to past issues of ''Batman''.<ref name="visual">{{cite book |title=DC Comics Year By Year: A Visual Chronicle |author-first1=Daniel |author-last1=Wallace |author-first2=Alan |author-last2=Cowsill |author-first3=Alexander C. |author-last3=Irvine |author-first4=Matthew K. |author-last4=Manning |publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-7566-6742-9 |page=227 |quote=Melding Miller's noir sensibilities, realistic characterization, and gritty action with Mazzucchelli's brilliant iconic imagery, "Year One" thrilled readers and critics alike... as well as being one of the influences for the 2005 film ''Batman Begins''.}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title
! Issue
! Cover date
|-
| "Chapter One: Who I Am – How I Come to Be"
| ''Batman'' #404
| February 1987
|-
| "Chapter Two: War Is Declared"
| ''Batman'' #405
| March 1987
|-
| "Chapter Three: Black Dawn"
| ''Batman'' #406
| April 1987
|-
| "Chapter Four: Friend in Need"
| ''Batman'' #407
| May 1987
|}

===Collected editions===
Following the completion of the 404–407 monthly issues run, Year One received several reprints over the years: collected edition in [[hardcover]] and [[Trade paperback (comics)|trade paperbacks]], several deluxe editions in hardcover and paperback format, an ''[[DC Comics Absolute Edition|Absolute Edition]]'', and an [[Artist's Edition]] externally published by [[IDW Publishing]].

In 1988, Year One was published as collected edition in [[hardcover]] ({{isbn|0930289323}}) and [[Trade paperback (comics)|trade paperback]] ({{isbn|0930289331}}). Both [[Warner Books]] ({{isbn|0446389234}}) and [[Titan Books]] ({{isbn|1852860774}}) also published trade paperbacks in 1988 for other regions across the world.

In 1989, Longmeadow Press published ''The Complete Frank Miller Batman'' ({{isbn|068140969X}}), collecting ''Year One'', ''[[DC Special Series|Wanted: Santa Claus - Dead or Alive!]]'', and ''[[The Dark Knight Returns]]''.

In April 2005, DC released the "Deluxe Edition" of ''Year One'' in hardcover ({{isbn|1401206905}}) and trade paperback ({{isbn|1401207529}}) to coincide with the release of ''[[Batman Begins]]''. This edition reuses the printing paper from the 1988 collected edition with Mazzucchelli supplying the promotional and unseen Batman art, Lewis' color samples, some of the original penciled artwork, and some pages of the original script as bonus materials. The cover was designed by Mazzucchelli and graphic designer [[Chip Kidd]].

The hardcover deluxe edition ({{isbn|1401233422}}) was re-released in March 2012.<ref name="IGN2012"/> Mazzucchelli clarified that DC did not contact him to get involved with designing this edition. Having been sent a copy of the book by DC, Mazzucchelli was unhappy with the quality and opined that "Anybody who's already paid for [the book] should send it back to DC and demand a refund.". 

{{blockquote|Several years ago, DC asked me if I'd help put together a deluxe edition of Batman: Year One, and Dale Crain and I worked for months to try to make a definitive version. Now whoever's in charge has thrown all that work in the garbage. First, they redesigned the cover, and recolored my artwork — probably to look more like their little DVD that came out last year; second, they printed the book on shiny paper, which was never a part of the original design, all the way back to the first hardcover in 1988; third — and worst — they printed the color from corrupted, out-of-focus digital files, completely obscuring all of Richmond's hand-painted work. Anybody who's already paid for this should send it back to DC and demand a refund.|source=Mazzucchelli criticizing the 2012 Deluxe Edition<ref name="IGN2012">{{cite web|last1=Schedeen|first1=Jesse|title=Batman: Year One – Deluxe Edition Hardcover Review|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/03/28/batman-year-one-deluxe-edition-hardcover-review|website=[[IGN]]|access-date=May 28, 2018|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308140555/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/03/28/batman-year-one-deluxe-edition-hardcover-review|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

In November 2014, to celebrate Batman's 75th anniversary, DC released a sample of Year One as a part of its ''DC Comics Essentials'' line of promotional comics.<ref name="DCEssentials">{{cite web|title=DC Comics Essentials – Batman: Year One Special Edition #1|url=https://www.dccomics.com/comics/batman-year-one-1987/dc-comics-essentials-%E2%80%93-batman-year-one-special-edition-1|publisher=[[DC Comics]]|date=November 5, 2014|access-date=May 28, 2018|archive-date=October 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008142714/https://www.dccomics.com/comics/batman-year-one-1987/dc-comics-essentials-%25E2%2580%2593-batman-year-one-special-edition-1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2015, DC released a hardcover ({{isbn|1401260047}}) of Year One which included its [[Batman: Year One (film)|2011 animated film adaptation]] on both DVD and Blu-ray.

In November 2016, DC released a 288-page [[DC Comics Absolute Edition|Absolute Edition]] of Year One ({{isbn|1401243797}}). This edition comes in a slipcase with two hardcover books. Book One features a whole new scanning from the original artworks by Mazzucchelli and remastered coloring by Lewis, while Book Two features scanning pages directly from the physical copies of the 404-407 monthly issues. Over 60 pages of bonus materials are also included, including Miller's complete scripts in Book Two.<ref name="DCAbsolute">{{cite web|title=Absolute Batman: Year One|url=https://www.dccomics.com/graphic-novels/batman-year-one-1987/absolute-batman-year-one|publisher=[[DC Comics]]|access-date=May 28, 2018|date=November 2, 2016|archive-date=October 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008142845/https://www.dccomics.com/graphic-novels/batman-year-one-1987/absolute-batman-year-one|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2017, the hardcover deluxe edition ({{isbn|1401272940}}) was re-released again, this time with the same printing paper and coloring as Book One of the 2016 Absolute Edition.

In March 2022, to coincide with the release of ''[[The Batman (film)|The Batman]]'', DC released ''The Batman Box Set'' ({{isbn|1779514298}}), collecting trade paperbacks of ''Year One'', ''[[Batman: The Long Halloween|The Long Halloween]]'', and ''[[Batman: Ego|Ego and Other Tails]]'' in a slipcase with art by [[Jim Lee]]. Director [[Matt Reeves]] cited the three graphic novels as the major influences for the film.

In August 2024, [[IDW Publishing]] published the [[Artist's Edition]] ({{isbn|9798887240039}}) of Year One in a 144-page hardcover. Mazzucchelli personally supplied the artworks for scanning with [[Chip Kidd]] serving as the designer of the book. [https://bleedingcool.com/comics/batman-year-one-neal-adams-classic-dc-get-idw-artists-editions/] The 250 copies limited edition ({{isbn|9798887241975}}) [https://firewireblog.com/2024/07/29/david-mazzucchellis-batman-year-one-artists-edition-signed-and-numbered-idw-exclusive-edition/] was exclusively available only for pre-ordering on the IDW's official website; this version includes a slipcase, a variant design of the front cover, and Mazzucchelli's personal signature printed in an interior page.

{|class="wikitable sortable" width=98%
|-align="center"
!Title
!Material collected
!Format
!Publisher
!Region
!Released dates
!ISBN
|-align="center"
|rowspan=4 style="text-align: left"|'''''Batman Year One'''''
|rowspan=11|''Batman'' #404-407
|HC
|rowspan=2|[[DC Comics]]
|rowspan=3|US
|rowspan=4|{{dts|1988}}
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|0930289323}}}}
|-align="center"
|rowspan=3|TPB
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|0930289331}}}}
|-align="center"
|[[Warner Books]]
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|0446389234}}}}
|-align="center"
|[[Titan Books]]
|UK
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|1852860774}}}}
|-align="center"
|rowspan=3 style="text-align: left"|'''''Batman Year One: Deluxe Edition'''''
|HC
|rowspan=5|[[DC Comics]]
|rowspan=7|US
|rowspan=2|{{dts|Apr 2005}}
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|1401206905}}}}
|-align="center"
|TPB
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|1401207529}}}}
|-align="center"
|rowspan=5|HC
|{{dts|Mar 2012}}
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|1401233422}}}}
|-align="center"
|style="text-align: left"|'''''Absolute Batman Year One'''''
|{{dts|Nov 2016}}
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|1401243797}}}}
|-align="center"
|style="text-align: left"|'''''Batman Year One: The Deluxe Edition'''''
|{{dts|Sept 2017}}
|{{nowrap|{{ISBNT|1401272940}}}}
|-align="center"
|rowspan=2 style="text-align: left"|'''''David Mazzucchelli's Batman Year One Artist's Edition'''''
|rowspan=2|[[IDW Publishing]]
|rowspan=2|{{dts|Aug 2024}}
|Standard edition: {{nowrap|{{ISBNT|9798887240039}}}}
|-align="center"
|Limited edition: {{nowrap|{{ISBNT|9798887241975}}}}
|}

==Plot==
Billionaire [[Batman|Bruce Wayne]] returns home to [[Gotham City]] after twelve years abroad, training for his eventual one-man war against crime. [[Jim Gordon (character)|James "Jim" Gordon]] moves to Gotham with his wife, Barbara, after a transfer from [[Chicago]]. Both are swiftly acquainted with the corrupt and violent atmosphere of the city. Gordon tries to focus on purging corruption from the [[Gotham City Police Department]] after witnessing his partner, [[List of DC Comics characters: F#Arnold Flass|Detective Arnold Flass]], abuse his power as a cop. Unfortunately, several officers led by Flass beat him on orders from his superior, [[Gillian B. Loeb|Commissioner Gillian Loeb]]. In revenge, Gordon tracks Flass down, beats him, and leaves him naked and handcuffed in the snow.

Bruce believes he is still unprepared to fight against crime despite having the skills he learned abroad. He goes in disguise on a surveillance mission in Gotham's [[red-light district]], but is reluctantly drawn into a brawl with several prostitutes, including [[Holly Robinson (character)|Holly Robinson]] and [[Catwoman|Selina Kyle]]. Two police officers shoot Bruce on sight and take him away in their patrol car. Bruce breaks free, flees from the scene, and returns to [[Wayne Manor]] barely alive. He sits before [[Thomas Wayne|his father's]] bust, requesting guidance in his war against crime. A bat suddenly crashes through a window and settles on the bust, inspiring Bruce to save Gotham as Batman.

With Bruce striking as Batman for weeks, street crime significantly declines. Even Flass is attacked while in the middle of accepting a bribe from Jefferson Skeevers, a drug dealer of [[Carmine Falcone]]. Sometime later, Bruce infiltrates the mansion of Gotham's mayor as Batman where he threatens all the dinner party guests, including Loeb and Falcone. Loeb immediately orders Gordon and GCPD [[Sarah Essen Gordon|Sergeant Sarah Essen]] to arrest Batman. The two cops and Batman eventually cross paths as they separately prevent an incident of an old lady getting hit by a runaway truck from happening. Soon after, Batman is forced to flee into an abandoned building where Loeb orders a bomb dropped on. A [[SWAT]] team led by a trigger-happy commander, Branden, is sent in to kill any survivors left in the building. Batman uses a signal device to attract a swarm of bats from the [[Batcave]] as his only route to escape.

Gordon and Essen have a brief affair and they date for two months. Essen, however, chooses to end the relationship upon learning Gordon is going to be the father of Barbara's child. Gordon eventually confesses his affair with Essen to Barbara when they're leaving Wayne Manor after the failed attempt in investigating Bruce's connection to Batman since Bruce uses his playboy charms to divert suspicion. War against corruption within GCPD continues with Flass and Skeevers under interrogations. Skeevers gets bailed with the help of a hired lawyer but is attacked by Batman shortly after, who convinces him to testify against Flass. In retaliation for everything, Loeb uses proof of Gordon's affair with Essen as his own leverage to blackmail Gordon. Skeevers is drugged with [[rat poison]] as an attempt of assassination so that he remains silent about the ties between Loeb and the mafia, although Skeevers ultimately survives.

Bruce sneaks into Falcone's manor as Batman and overhears the private conversation between Falcone and his nephew, [[Johnny Viti]]. He surmises their intent to target Gordon's family, so he disguises himself as a motorcyclist to help Gordon. Gordon leaves home on Loeb's orders but becomes suspicious and turns back, only to discover Viti and his men already holding his family hostage. Viti flees the scene with Gordon's infant son. Gordon chases after him on Bruce's motorcycle. The two men end up fighting on a bridge until the baby falls. Bruce catches up in time and leaps over the bridge's railing to save the baby. Gordon thanks Bruce for saving his infant son's life and lets him go. Flass supplies Assistant [[District Attorney]] [[Two-Face|Harvey Dent]] with the evidence and testimony needed to implicate Loeb, who resigns in disgrace. Gordon is promoted to captain and prepares to meet with Batman to investigate a potential plot orchestrated by a criminal calling himself the [[Joker (character)|Joker]].

==Reception==
===Popularity===
DC's post-''Crisis on Infinite Earths'' revamp was a major success, raising sales 22% in the first year, and DC beat Marvel in [[direct market]] sales for the first time in August and September 1987.<ref name="Slugfest157">{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Reed |date=October 2017 |title=Slugfest |location=[[New York City]] |publisher=[[Da Capo Press]] |page=157 |isbn=978-0306825477 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hoyYDgAAQBAJ |access-date=2020-12-07 |archive-date=2024-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308084652/https://books.google.com/books?id=hoyYDgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> The four "Year One" issues were no exception to this. Two years before the relaunch, ''Batman'' had all-time low sales of 75,000 copies per month; "Year One" sold an average of 193,000 copies an issue, numbers not seen since the early 1970s. Despite this, it did not outsell other books like ''[[Uncanny X-Men]]'', and the collected edition sold well but never matched the sales of ''The Dark Knight Returns''.<ref name="nerd"/> The story, with the noir-inspired narrative and ultra-violent tone, quickly caught the attention of readers.<ref name="ComicsVerseReview"/> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Year One" offered an interesting and entertaining update to the origin of Batman.<ref name="YearOne2007">{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Frank |last2=Mazzucchelli |first2=Dave |title=Batman: Year One |date=January 10, 2007 |publisher=[[DC Comics]] |isbn=978-0290204890 |edition=Paperback}}</ref>

===Critical response===
Year One's characterization of Batman and Gordon has been praised. Hilary Goldstein (''[[IGN]]'') compared their journey to friendship to the plot of the film ''[[Serpico]]''; they found that the two characters' respective story arcs—with Gordon's "illustrat[ing] the corruption in Gotham" and Batman's detailing "the transformation from man to myth"—offered an exploration of Batman's world like no other.<ref name="IGNReview">{{cite web |last1=Goldstein |first1=Hilary |title=Batman: Year One Review |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/06/17/batman-year-one-review |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=May 30, 2018 |date=June 17, 2005 |archive-date=October 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007151631/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/06/17/batman-year-one-review |url-status=live }}</ref> Glenn Matchett (''[[ComicsVerse]]'') wrote that, unlike ''The Dark Knight Returns'', Batman in Year One is more vulnerable and inexperienced, which made the story more memorable.<ref name="ComicsVerseReview">{{cite web |last1=Matchett |first1=Glenn |title=Frank Miller's Batman Part One: YEAR ONE, or How Legends are Made |url=https://comicsverse.com/frank-millers-batman-part-one-year-one-or-how-legends-are-made/ |website=ComicsVerse |access-date=May 30, 2018 |date=September 4, 2015 |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008145746/https://comicsverse.com/frank-millers-batman-part-one-year-one-or-how-legends-are-made/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nick Roberts (''Geek Syndicate'') thought the characters seemed believable,<ref name="GeekSyndicateReview">{{cite web |last1=Roberts |first1=Nick |title='Classic Comic' Review – Batman: Year One |url=https://geeksyndicate.co.uk/reviews/%E2%80%98classic-comic%E2%80%99-review-%E2%80%93-batman-year-one/ |website=Geek Syndicate |access-date=May 30, 2018 |archive-date=December 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218112850/http://geeksyndicate.co.uk/reviews/%E2%80%98classic-comic%E2%80%99-review-%E2%80%93-batman-year-one/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and comics historian Matthew K. Manning called the characterization realistic and grounded.<ref name="visual"/>

The story's depiction of Gotham and darker, realistic, mature and grittier tone and direction, compared to other contemporary Batman comics at the time, has also been acclaimed. Journalist James Lovegrove described "Year One" as a "noir-inflected pulp tale of vigilantism and integrity, focused on a good man doing the right thing in a dirty world" and noted the brutality of the fight sequences.<ref name="100best">{{cite journal |last1=Lovegrove |first1=James |title=Batman: Year One |journal=The 100 Greatest Graphic Novels of All Time |date=2016 |issue=1 |pages=92–93 |url=https://archive.org/stream/The_100_Greatest_Graphic_Novels_Of_All_Time#page/n91/mode/2up/search/Batman+Year+One |publisher=[[Future plc]]}}</ref> Jason Serafino (''[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]'') wrote that by ignoring many of Batman's trademark gadgets and villains and focusing in the core essentials of the titular character, Miller managed to present Batman in a relatable and thrilling way, which felt both fresh, unique and reinvigorating, while still being faithful to the spirit of the character.<ref name="Complex25">{{cite web |last1=Serafino |first1=Jason |title=The 25 Best DC Comics Of All Time |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/the-best-dc-comics-of-all-time/all-star-superman |website=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] |access-date=May 31, 2018 |date=January 17, 2018 |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008145744/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/the-best-dc-comics-of-all-time/all-star-superman |url-status=live }}</ref> Goldstein found every moment memorable, writing "Miller does not waste a single panel" in presenting a gritty and dark story.<ref name="IGNReview"/> Matchett agreed; he offered particular praise for the scenes depicting Batman clashing with the police, calling them the moment Batman began to become a legend.<ref name="ComicsVerseReview"/>

Mazzucchelli's art was noted as a standout by many, praising the minimalistic, noir-influenced and realistic art-work.<ref name="IGNReview"/><ref name="ComicsVerseReview"/>

==Continuity==
Before [[The New 52]] in 2011, ''Batman: Year One'' existed in the mainstream DC continuity, and in the same continuity as the other storylines in Miller's "Dark Knight Universe", consisting of ''[[The Dark Knight Returns]]'', its sequels ''[[The Dark Knight Strikes Again]]'', ''[[The Dark Knight III: The Master Race]]'', ''The Dark Knight Returns: The Last Crusade'', ''[[Spawn/Batman]]'', and ''[[All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sanderson |first=Peter |url=http://comics.ign.com/articles/685/685820p1.html |title=''Comics in Context #119: All-Star Bats'' on IGN |publisher=Comics.ign.com |date=2006-02-06 |access-date=2011-01-04| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101213055056/http://comics.ign.com/articles/685/685820p1.html| archive-date= 13 December 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> Following The New 52 reboot, ''[[Batman: Zero Year]]'' replaced ''Year One'' as the official origin for Batman and ''Year One'' was relegated to the continuity of the other Frank Miller storylines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2013/03/11/the-associated-press-announces-batman-zero-year|title=THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Announces BATMAN: ZERO YEAR|date=11 March 2013|website=dccomics.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022223622/http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2013/03/11/the-associated-press-announces-batman-zero-year|archive-date=22 October 2015}}</ref> However, following the [[DC Rebirth]] initiative, elements of "Year One" were gradually returned to the mainstream DC continuity.

After ''[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]'', DC [[Reboot (fiction)|rebooted]] many of its titles. ''Year One'' was followed by ''[[Batman: Year Two]]'', but the 1994 ''[[Zero Hour: Crisis in Time]]'' crossover erased ''Year Two'' from continuity. In another continuity re-arrangement, ''Catwoman: Year One'' (''Catwoman Annual'' #2, 1995) posited that Selina Kyle had not actually been a prostitute, but, rather, a thief posing as one in order to commit crimes.

Launched in 1989, following the success of the film ''[[Batman (1989 film)|Batman]]'', the title ''[[Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight]]'' examines crime-fighting exploits primarily, not exclusively, from the first four to five years of Batman's career. This title rotated in creative teams and time placement, but several stories directly relate to the events of ''Year One'', especially the first arc "Batman: Shaman". In 1996 and 1999, [[Jeph Loeb]] and [[Tim Sale (artist)|Tim Sale]] created ''[[Batman: The Long Halloween]]'' and ''[[Batman: Dark Victory]]'', two 13-issue maxiseries that recount Batman's early years as a crime-fighter following the events of Miller's original story and retold the origins of [[Two-Face]] and [[Dick Grayson]]. The ''Year One'' story was continued in the 2005 graphic novel ''[[Batman: The Man Who Laughs]]'', following up on Gordon informing Batman about the Joker, and thus recounting their first official encounter. Two other stories, ''[[Batman and the Monster Men]]'' and ''[[Batman and the Mad Monk]]'' tie into the same time period of Batman's career, filling in the gap between Year One and the Man Who Laughs. The comics ''[[Robin: Year One]]'' and ''[[Batgirl: Year One]]'' describe his sidekicks' origin stories.

==Sequels==
Two sequels, titled ''[[Batman: Year Two]]'' and ''[[Batman: Year Three]]'', were released in 1987 and 1989.

==Adaptations==
===Film===
[[Joel Schumacher]]'s ''[[Batman Forever]]'', although set during another timespan, adopts some elements directly from the graphic novel. Schumacher claims he originally had in mind an adaptation of Frank Miller's ''Batman: Year One''. The studio rejected the idea as they wanted a sequel, not a prequel, though Schumacher was able to include very brief events in Batman's past.<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jWAsAAAAQBAJ&q=batman+year+one+batman+forever&pg=PA167|title = The Batman Filmography, 2d ed|isbn = 9780786468911|last1 = Reinhart|first1 = Mark S.|date = 31 July 2013|publisher = McFarland|access-date = 7 December 2020|archive-date = 8 March 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240308084652/https://books.google.com/books?id=jWAsAAAAQBAJ&q=batman+year+one+batman+forever&pg=PA167#v=snippet&q=batman%20year%20one%20batman%20forever&f=false|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Batman Forever: How to Be a Superhero {{!}} The Reverse Gear|url=https://www.thereversegear.com/batman-forever-how-to-be-a-superhero/|access-date=2020-06-21|language=en-CA|archive-date=2020-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325153229/https://www.thereversegear.com/batman-forever-how-to-be-a-superhero/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[DC Animated Universe]] film, ''[[Batman: Mask of the Phantasm]]'', adopted elements of the storyline, depicting flashbacks of how Bruce Wayne became Batman and also combines it with elements of ''Batman: Year Two'' and shows Batman's personal connection with original character [[Andrea Beaumont|Phantasm]] inspired by the [[Reaper (DC Comics)|Reaper]], another character in the comics with a connection to Batman.

After the critical failure of ''[[Batman & Robin (film)|Batman & Robin]]'', several attempts were made to [[Reboot (fiction)|reboot]] the [[Batman in film|Batman film franchise]] with an adaptation of ''Year One''. [[Joss Whedon]] and [[Joel Schumacher]] both pitched their own takes.<ref name="nerd"/> In 2000, [[Warner Bros.]] hired [[Darren Aronofsky]] to write and direct ''Batman: Year One''. The film was to be written by Miller, who finished an early draft of the script.<ref name=Dana>{{cite news | author = Dana Harris | url = https://variety.com/2000/film/news/wb-sends-pi-guy-into-the-bat-cave-1117786714/ | title = WB sends ''Pi'' guy into the Bat Cave | work = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = 2000-09-21 | access-date = 2008-10-17| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117093609/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117786714| archive-date=January 17, 2012| url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="greenberg20050508">{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-may-08-ca-batman8-story.html |title=Rescuing Batman |last=Greenberg |first=James |date=2005-05-08 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=2019-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202014002/http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/08/entertainment/ca-batman8 |archive-date=2008-12-02 |url-status=live |page=E-10 }}</ref> The script, however, was a loose adaptation, as it kept most of the themes and elements from the graphic novel but shunned other conventions that were otherwise integral to the character.<ref>{{cite news | author = Brian Linder | work = [[IGN]] | title = The Bat-Men Speak | url = http://movies.ign.com/articles/034/034023p1.html | date = 2000-10-16 | access-date = 2008-10-17 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081206080319/http://movies.ign.com/articles/034/034023p1.html | archive-date = 2008-12-06 }}</ref> It was shelved by the studio in 2001,<ref>{{cite news | author = Dana Harris | url = https://variety.com/2002/film/news/wb-fewer-pix-more-punch-1117869140/ | title = WB: fewer pix, more punch | work = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = 2002-06-30 | access-date = 2008-10-17| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117105000/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117869140| archive-date=January 17, 2012| url-status= live}}</ref> after an individual who claimed to have read Miller's script published a negative review on ''[[Ain't It Cool News]]''.<ref name="nerd"/> In 2016, Miller explained that the film was canceled because of creative differences between him, Aronofsky, and Warner Bros:<ref name="THRInterview">{{cite web|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=A Rare Interview With Frank Miller: 'Dark Knight,' the Unmade Darren Aronofsky Batman Movie, and Donald Trump|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/a-rare-interview-frank-miller-871654|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=May 28, 2018|date=March 3, 2016|archive-date=October 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008105521/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/a-rare-interview-frank-miller-871654|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|It was the first time I worked on a Batman project with somebody whose vision of Batman was darker than mine. My Batman was too nice for him. We would argue about it, and I'd say, "Batman wouldn't do that, he wouldn't torture anybody" and so on. We hashed out a screenplay, and we were wonderfully compensated, but then Warner Bros. read it and said, "We don't want to make this movie." The executive wanted to do a Batman he could take his kids to.}}

In 2005, [[Christopher Nolan]] began his series with the reboot film ''[[Batman Begins]]'', which draws inspiration from "Year One" and other stories.<ref name="nerd"/> ''Batman Begins'' and its sequel ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' are set during the same timespan and adopt several elements directly from the graphic novel. Major characters like [[Gillian B. Loeb|Commissioner Loeb]], [[Arnold John Flass|Detective Flass]] and [[Carmine Falcone|Carmine 'The Roman' Falcone]] are featured prominently in ''Batman Begins''. Film critic Michael Dodd argued that with each major motion picture focused on the Dark Knight's origins, the odes and references to the ''Year One'' comic increased. Comparing ''[[Batman: Mask of the Phantasm|Mask of the Phantasm]]'' with ''[[Batman Begins]]'' he noted that "...Phantasm was a Batman story with ''Year One'' elements, while ''Batman Begins'' was a ''Year One'' story with added features".<ref>Dodd, Michael, "[http://themissingslate.com/2014/08/21/back-to-the-beginning-the-evolving-influence-of-batman-year-one/#.U_jTIvldUgs Back to the Beginning: The Evolving Influence of Batman: Year One] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712082015/http://themissingslate.com/2014/08/21/back-to-the-beginning-the-evolving-influence-of-batman-year-one/ |date=2017-07-12 }}," The Missing Slate.</ref> The film's end scene, with Gordon revealing the [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker's]] arrival in Gotham, mirrors the end of ''Year One''.

Director [[Matt Reeves]] cited ''Year One'' as one of the inspirations for ''[[The Batman (film)|The Batman]]'', with [[Robert Pattinson]] portraying a younger Bruce Wayne who is in his second year as a crime-fighter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Johnny |date=2022-02-08 |title=Director Matt Reeves on the Iconic Comic That Influenced 'The Batman' |url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/latest-news/a38922356/matt-reeves-the-batman-year-one-inspiration/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=[[Esquire (UK Edition)|Esquire]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208122240/https://www.esquire.com/uk/latest-news/a38922356/matt-reeves-the-batman-year-one-inspiration/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Animation===
In 2011, an [[Batman: Year One (film)|animated adaptation]] was released as a [[DC Universe Animated Original Movies|DC Universe Animated Original Movie]]. It was produced by [[Bruce Timm]], co-directed by [[Lauren Montgomery]] and [[Sam Liu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsfinestonline.com/news.php/news.php?action=fullnews&showcomments=1&id=1030|title=Batman: Year One Animated Update|publisher=worldsfinestonline.com|date=June 13, 2010|access-date=June 13, 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210449/http://www.worldsfinestonline.com/news.php/news.php?action=fullnews|archive-date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> It features the voices of [[Benjamin McKenzie]] as Bruce Wayne/Batman, [[Bryan Cranston]] as [[Jim Gordon (character)|James "Jim" Gordon]], [[Eliza Dushku]] as Selina Kyle/Catwoman, [[Katee Sackhoff]] as [[Sarah Essen Gordon|Sarah Essen]], [[Jon Polito]] as Commissioner Loeb, and [[Alex Rocco]] as Carmine 'The Roman' Falcone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/batman-year-one-lines-up-179942 |title='Batman: Year One' Lines Up Voice Cast, Sets Comic-Con Premiere (Exclusive) |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=April 20, 2011 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=June 18, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721213402/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/batman-year-one-lines-up-179942| archive-date= 21 July 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> The movie premiered at [[San Diego Comic-Con International|Comic-Con]], with a Catwoman short shown in October.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyblam.com/news/2011/06/07/batman-year-one-animated-film-sneak-peek-video-character-designs |title=BATMAN: YEAR ONE Animated Film Sneak Peek Video & Character Designs |publisher=The Daily BLAM! |access-date=2013-01-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125080019/http://www.dailyblam.com/news/2011/06/07/batman-year-one-animated-film-sneak-peek-video-character-designs |archive-date=2013-01-25 }}</ref>

===Video game===
The Year One batsuit was available as one of the DLC skins for ''[[Batman: Arkham City]]''.

While not a direct adaptation, the video game ''[[Batman: Arkham Origins]]'' takes some inspiration from ''Batman: Year One'' and features a younger, less-experienced Batman in his second year of crimefighting.<ref>{{cite web |title=Batman: Arkham Origins To Be A "Year Two" Story |url=http://www.siliconera.com/2013/04/12/batman-arkham-origins-to-be-a-year-two-story/ |publisher=[[CraveOnline]] |work=Siliconera |date=April 12, 2013 |access-date=April 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414105246/http://www.siliconera.com/2013/04/12/batman-arkham-origins-to-be-a-year-two-story/ |archive-date=April 14, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref> Set eight years before ''[[Batman: Arkham Asylum]]'', the prequel follows Batman encountering eight of the world's greatest assassins as they attempt to claim [[Black Mask (comics)|Black Mask]]'s $50-million bounty on his head, all while being hunted by the Gotham City Police Department for his vigilantism.

===Television===
The second half of the [[Gotham (season 4)|fourth season]] of the Batman-based television series ''[[Gotham (TV series)|Gotham]]'' is inspired by ''Batman: Year One''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/gotham-season-4-long-halloween-batman-year-one-comics/|title=Gotham Season 4 Draws from Long Halloween & Batman: Year One Comics|date=July 27, 2017|website=Screen Rant|access-date=July 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728045741/http://screenrant.com/gotham-season-4-long-halloween-batman-year-one-comics/|archive-date=July 28, 2017}}</ref>

===Audio===
''Batman: Year One'' was adapted as the first four episode of ''[[DC High Volume: Batman]]'', a weekly scripted podcast which adapts seminal Batman comics from across the years. The cast includes [[Jason Spisak]] as Batman, [[Jay Paulson]] as  Gordon, [[Reba Buhr]] as Selina Kyle, [[Adam O’Byrne]] as Harvey Dent, [[Mike Starr (actor)|Mike Starr]] as Carmine Falcone, and  [[Simon Vance]] as Alfred Pennyworth.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.dc.com/highvolume|title = DC AND REALM PROUDLY PRESENT DC HIGH VOLUME: BATMAN|work = DC.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161002170940/http://www.warnerbros.com/batman-year-one Batman: Year One movie official site]
* [http://worldsfinestonline.com/WF/dcuam/batmanyearone/ Batman: Year One @ The World's Finest]
* [http://www.dccomics.com/graphic_novels/?gn=1287 Current edition at DC Comics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718202421/http://www.dccomics.com/graphic_novels/?gn=1287 |date=2008-07-18}} {{ISBN|0930289331}}
* [http://www.dccomics.com/graphic_novels/?gn=2712 Deluxe Hardcover edition at DC Comics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718125142/http://www.dccomics.com/graphic_novels/?gn=2712 |date=2008-07-18}} {{ISBN|1401206905}}

{{Batman publications}}
{{David Mazzucchelli}}
{{Millerverse}}

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