Editing Basel-Landschaft

{{short description|Canton of Switzerland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Canton of Basel-Landschaft
| native_name        = {{native name|de|Kanton Basel-Landschaft}}
| other_name         = Canton of Basel-Country
| settlement_type    = [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]]
| image_flag         = Flag of Canton of Basel-Landschaft.svg
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Kanton Basel-Landschaft.svg
| shield_size        = 80x80px
| shield_link        = 
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|zoom=6|type=shape|stroke-width=2|frame-lat=46.7|frame-long=8.25|frame-width=275|frame-height=175}}
| map_alt            = Map of Switzerland, location of Basel-Landschaft highlighted
| map_caption        = Location in Switzerland
{{hidden |ta1 = left| border = 1px solid grey | header = Map of Basel-Landschaft | content = <br/>[[File:Karte Kanton Baselland 2010.png|250px]] }}
| coordinates        = {{coord|47|7|N|7|44|E|region:CH-BL|display=inline,title}}
| seat_type          = Capital
| seat               = [[Liestal]]
| seat1_type         = Largest city
| seat1              = [[Allschwil]]
| parts_type         = Subdivisions
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = [[Municipalities of the canton of Basel-Landschaft|86 municipalities]]
| p2                 = [[Districts of Switzerland#Basel-Landschaft|5 districts]]
| leader_title       = [[List of cantonal executives of Switzerland|Executive]]
| leader_name        = Regierungsrat (5)
| leader_title1      = [[List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland|Legislative]]
| leader_name1       = Landrat (90)
| area_footnotes     = {{Swiss area data||QUELLE-KT}}
| area_total_km2     = {{Swiss area|BL|km=yes }}
| population_footnotes = {{Swiss populations ref|CH-BL }}
| population_total   = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BL|CH-BL}}
| population_as_of   = {{Swiss populations data CH-BL|YM}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistik |first=Bundesamt für |date=2021-01-21 |title=Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 {{!}} Tabelle |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/15304856 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Bundesamt für Statistik |language=de}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Total
| demographics1_info1 = [[Swiss franc|CHF]] 20.567 billion (2020)
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
| demographics1_info2 = CHF 70,866 (2020)
| iso_code           = CH-BL
| blank_name_sec1    = [[List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation|Highest point]]
| blank_info_sec1    = {{convert|1169|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}: [[Hinteri Egg]]
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation|Lowest point]]
| blank1_info_sec1   = {{convert|246|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}: confluence of the river [[Birs]] with the [[Rhine]], at [[Birsfelden]]
| blank_name_sec2    = [[History of Switzerland#Order of accession of the cantons|Joined]]
| blank_info_sec2    = 1501
| blank1_name_sec2   = Languages
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[German language|German]]
| website            = {{URL|http://www.BL.ch}}
| image_blank_emblem = Basel-Landschaft 2016.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = [[Brandmark]]
| blank_emblem_size  = 120px
}}

'''Canton of Basel-Landschaft''' or '''Basel-Country''', informally known as '''Baselland''' or '''Baselbiet''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|b|ɑː|z|ə|l|_|ˈ|l|æ|n|d|ʃ|ɑː|f|t}}; {{langx|de|Kanton Basel-Landschaft}} {{IPA|de|ˈkantɔn ˌbaːzl̩ ˈlantʃaft||De-Basel-Landschaft.ogg}}; {{langx|rm|Chantun Basilea-Champagna}}; {{langx|fr|Canton de Bâle-Campagne}} {{IPA|fr|bɑl.kɑ̃.paɲ|}}; {{langx|it|Canton Basilea Campagna}}), is one of the [[Canton of Switzerland|26 cantons]] forming the [[Switzerland|Swiss Confederation]]. It is composed of five districts and its capital city is [[Liestal]]. It is traditionally considered a "[[half-canton]]", the other half being [[Basel-Stadt]], its urban counterpart.

Basel-Landschaft is one of the northernmost cantons of Switzerland. It lies essentially south of the [[Rhine]] and north of the [[Jura Mountains]]. The canton shares borders with the canton of Basel-Stadt to the north, the canton of [[Aargau]] to the east, the canton of [[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]] to the south and the canton of [[Canton of Jura|Jura]] to the west. It shares international borders as well with [[France]] and [[Germany]] to the north.

Together with Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft was part of the canton of [[Canton of Basel|Basel]], which joined the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] in 1501. Political quarrels and armed conflict led to the partition of the canton in 1833.

==History==
{{Main|Canton of Basel}}
Basel-Landschaft, together with Basel-Stadt, formed the historic [[Canton of Basel]] until they separated following the uprising of 1833 ([[Battle of the Hülftenschanz]] near [[Frenkendorf]]).

[[File:Picswiss BL-60-20.jpg|thumb|left|Castle of [[:de:Angenstein|Angenstein]] in [[Duggingen]]]]
In Roman times, the area of Basel was a centre of Roman activity. There are well-preserved remains at the site of ''Augusta Raurica'' in the canton of Basel-Landschaft. Around 200 AD there were about 20,000 people living in this city, now part of the much smaller [[Augst]]. The remains are on display in an open-air museum. The museum attracts over 140,000 visitors per year. Many of these visitors are schoolchildren from other parts of Switzerland. The site of Augusta Raurica includes the best-preserved amphitheatre north of the Alps, and a reconstructed Roman villa.

The lands of the canton Basel-Landschaft are part of the lands acquired by the city of [[Basel]]. Until the end of the 16th century, most of the canton's land belonged to the city of Basel. After Napoleon's visit in 1798, the country achieved equality with the city. The country was economically dependent on the city, most probably because of the cost and difficulty in transporting agricultural goods to further markets, the financing of land transactions and crop production by city-based merchants. Low levels of education and literacy in the agricultural areas of Europe was typical in that era. The best students would be sponsored and sent away for higher learning.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}} The city of Basel remained the cultural and economic centre of both Basel half cantons until then. Castles and residences of Basel merchants dominated much of the landscape in Basel-Landschaft.

[[File:Karikatur Teilung Basels.jpg|thumb|Caricature of the division of Basel, 1833]]
After 1830 there were political quarrels and armed conflict in the canton of Basel. Some of these were concerned with the rights of the population in the agricultural areas. They ultimately led to the separation of the canton Basel-Landschaft from the city of Basel on 26 August 1833. Since then, there has been a movement for reunification. This movement gained momentum after 1900 when many parts of Basel-Landschaft became industrialized. The two half cantons agreed in principle to merge, but in 1969 the people of Basel-Landschaft voted down a referendum on this proposal in favour of retaining their independence. It is thought that the closing economic gap between the two cantons was the main reason why the population changed their attitude.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}

That vote was not the end of a close relationship between the two Basels. The two half cantons have since signed a number of agreements to co-operate. The contribution of Basel-Landschaft to the [[University of Basel]] since 1976 is just one example.

==Geography==
The canton of Basel-Landschaft lies in the northwestern corner of Switzerland just south of the [[canton of Basel-Stadt]].

With a few exceptions, it includes the towns of the [[Laufental]] along the river [[Birs]], the [[Birseck]] and the [[Leimental]], as well as the towns along the [[Ergolz]] and its tributaries. The shape of the canton is very irregular, and its borders cut across several towns.

In terms of size, it is one of the smaller cantons of Switzerland (18th of 26). However, it is number 10 in terms of population.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Office|first=Federal Statistical|date=8 October 2020|title=Permanent resident population in private households by canton and household size, 2010-2019 - 2010-2019 {{!}} Table|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/population.assetdetail.14407060.html|access-date=8 November 2020|website=Federal Statistical Office|language=en}}</ref>

Basel-Landschaft borders on the east and north with the [[canton of Aargau]] and the Rhine, which forms the border with Germany (state of [[Baden-Württemberg]]). On the northwest, it borders with France (department of [[Haut-Rhin]]).

On the south, it borders on the [[canton of Solothurn]], with a few exclaves of that canton within its western area. In the extreme southwest, it borders on the [[canton of Jura]].

The [[Jura mountains|Jura]] mountain chain traverses the canton. The rivers [[Ergolz]] and [[Birs]] drain the lands of the canton.

The thirty rivers of Baselland are:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Ergolz]]
* Eibach
* [[Homburger Bach]]
* [[Diegter Bach]]
* [[Walibach]]
* [[Vordere Frenke]]
* [[Fluebach]]
* [[Hintere Frenke]]
* [[Frenke]]
* [[Orisbach]]
* [[Röserenbach]]
* [[Arisdorfer Bach]]
* [[Violenbach]]
* [[Wintersinger Bach]]
* [[Buuser Bach]]
* [[Magdener Bach]]
* [[Hemmiker Bach]]
* [[Rickenbächlein]]
* [[Rhine|Rhein]]
* [[Birsig]]
* [[Binnbach]]
* [[Marchbach]]
* [[Birs]]
* [[Seebach (Switzerland)|Seebach]]
* [[Chastelbach]]
* [[Ibach (Switzerland)|Ibach]]
* [[Dürrbach (Switzerland)|Dürrbach]]
* [[Lüssel]]
* [[Wahlenbach]]
* [[Lützel]]
{{div col end}}

==Politics==
[[File:Liestal Altstadthaus.jpg|thumb|Former town hall in Liestal, the cantonal capital.]]
Since the decision to remain independent from Basel-Stadt in 1969 there have been a number of requests in the parliament for Basel-Landschaft to become a ''full'' canton. In 1988 the canton of Basel-Landschaft had this aim written into its constitution. The aim remains to change the Swiss constitution to recognize the two cantons of Basel as full members.

===Federal election results===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style ="text-align: center"
|-
! colspan="17"| Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971-2015<ref>{{cite report |title=Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |date=2015 |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html |access-date=4 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html |archive-date=2 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Party !! class="unsortable" | Ideology !! 1971 !! 1975 !! 1979 !! 1983 !! 1987 !! 1991 !! 1995 !! 1999 !! 2003 !! 2007 !! 2011 !! 2015 !! 2019 !! 2023
|-
! [[Swiss People's Party|SVP/UDC]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Swiss People's Party}}"| || [[Swiss nationalism]] || 11.8 || 10.7 || 10.6 || 11.2 || 12.0 || 12.3 || 10.8 || 18.0 || 26.5 || 28.5 || 26.9 || 29.8 || 25.1 || 28.9
|-
! [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP/PS]] 
| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Social democracy]] || 28.2 || 30.3 || 31.4 || 32.5 || 22.8 || 24.4 || 25.3 || 23.3 || 24.7 || 25.2 || 24.4 || 22.2 || 21.8 || 24.7
|-
! [[FDP.The Liberals]]{{ref|a|a}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}"| || [[Classical liberalism]] || 23.0 || 23.9 || 26.7 || 25.1 || 22.0 || 24.8 || 19.6 || 22.1 || 19.9 || 17.0 || 11.5 || 15.8 || 16.5 || 14.2
|-
! [[The Centre (political party)|The Centre]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian democracy]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 10.6 
|-
! [[Green Party of Switzerland|GPS/PES]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Green politics]] || * || * || * || 1.9 || 6.9 || 11.0 || 9.5 || 9.2 || 12.6 || 13.8 || 13.6 || 14.2 || 18.0 || 10.0
|-
! [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|GLP/PVL]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Green liberalism]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 5.0 || 2.7 || 5.3 || 7.0
|-
! [[Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland|EVP/PEV]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian democracy]] || * || * || 3.9 || * || 3.2 || 2.6 || 1.7 || 2.4 || 2.7 || 2.8 || 3.3 || 2.2 || 3.5 || 2.6
|-
! [[Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland|EDU/UDF]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian right]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || 0.6 || * || * || 0.5 || * || 0.4 || * || 0.5 
|-
! [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Christian democracy]] || 13.3 || 13.3 || 11.5 || 10.8 || 12.3 || 11.6 || 11.7 || 12.0 || 10.0 || 11.4 || 8.2 || 9.1 || 8.5 || * {{ref|d|d}}
|-
! [[Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland|BDP/PBD]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Conservatism]] || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || 6.4 || 2.8 || 1.2 || * {{ref|d|d}}
|-
! [[Swiss Democrats|SD/DS]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Swiss Democrats}}"| || [[National conservatism]] || 10.0 || 5.6 || * || 3.9 || 6.2 || 9.1 || 11.0 || 10.1 || 2.7 || 0.8 || 0.7 || * || * || *
|-
! [[Freedom Party of Switzerland|FPS/PSL]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Freedom Party of Switzerland}}"| || [[Right-wing populism]] || * || * || * || * || 2.6 || 4.3 || 1.3 || 0.3 || 0.2 || * || * || * || * || *
|-
! [[Alliance of Independents|Ring of Independents]]
| || [[Social liberalism]] || 13.8 || 11.2 || 7.8 || 4.4 || 2.7 || * {{ref|b|b}} || 1.3 || * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
! [[Progressive Organizations of Switzerland|POCH]]
| || [[Progressivism]] || * || 3.3 || 7.1 || 7.2 || 7.4 || {{ref|c|c}} || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * 
|-
! FGA
| || [[Feminist political theory|Feminist]] || * || * || * || 3.0 || 2.0 || {{ref|c|c}} || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
! [[Swiss Party of Labour|PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Swiss Party of Labour}}"| || [[Socialism]] || * || 1.8 || 1.0 || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || * || *
|-
! Other
| || || * || * || * || * || * || * || 7.1 || 2.5 || 0.8 || * || * || 0.8 || * || 1.5
|-
! Voter participation % || || || 51.8 || 48.3 || 43.0 || 49.3 || 46.8 || 44.5 || 41.3 || 41.8 || 44.2 || 49.3 || 48.2 || 46.8 || || 
|-
|}
:{{note|a|a}} FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009
:{{note|b|b}} "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.
:{{note|c|c}} Part of the GPS
:{{note|d|d}} CVP and BDP merged to form The Centre party.

==Political subdivisions==
The nine municipalities of the ''Arlesheim'' district used to belong to the [[diocese of Basel]]. In 1792 French troops occupied the district and in 1793 the lands were annexed by France, which explains the linguistic switch of the Family of the House of Basel's name from "von Basel" to "de Bâle", since Arlesheim holds their manor. In 1815 at the [[Congress of Vienna]] the district joined Basel.

The district of ''Laufental'' has the same history as that of ''Arlesheim''. The important difference is that in 1815 Laufental joined [[Canton of Bern|Bern]] rather than Basel. When the canton of Jura was created in 1979, the district of Laufental became an enclave of the canton of Bern. It was allowed self- determination and in 1980 the people decided to join the canton of Basel-Landschaft. This led to ''Laufental'' joining the canton of Basel-Landschaft on 1 January 1994 after a lengthy administrative process.

===Districts===
[[File:Karte Kanton Baselland Bezirke.png|thumb|Districts of Canton Basel-Landschaft]]
There are 5 areas (Bezirke) in Basel-Landschaft ({{as of|{{Swiss populations Y|CH-BL}}|lc=on}}):
*[[Arlesheim (district)|Arlesheim]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|B1301}} ) capital: [[Arlesheim]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|2763}})
*[[Laufen (district)|Laufen]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|B1302}}) capital: [[Laufen, Basel-Country|Laufen]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|2787}})
*[[Liestal (district)|Liestal]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|B1303}}) capital: [[Liestal]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|2829}})
*[[Sissach (district)|Sissach]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|B1304}}) capital: [[Sissach]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|2861}})
*[[Waldenburg (district)|Waldenburg]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|B1305}}) capital: [[Waldenburg, Switzerland|Waldenburg]] (''Pop:'' {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|2895}})

===Municipalities===
{{Main|Municipalities of the canton of Basel-Landschaft}}
There are 86 [[Municipalities of the canton of Basel-Country|municipalities in the canton]] ({{As of|2009}}).<ref name="Document90142">{{cite web | url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.90142.xls | title=Liste officielle des communes de la Suisse - 01.01.2008 | work=Office fédéral de la statistique | access-date=15 December 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612012604/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.90142.xls | archive-date=12 June 2009 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
The population is predominantly German-speaking. [[Protestantism]] is the main religion in the canton (43% {{as of|2000|lc=on}}), while about one-third of the population (32%) is [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion | year = 2004 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | format = Interactive Map | access-date = 15 January 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081229131401/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.html | archive-date = 29 December 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The [[Swiss Reformed Church]] and [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland]] are recognized as state churches. Between 1959 and 1970 the canton was Switzerland's fastest-growing, as the population almost doubled from 108,000 to 205,000. In 2021, the canton had a population of {{Swiss populations|CH-BL|CH-BL}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BL}} {{as of|2007}}, the population included 48,719 foreign residents, who made up 18.1% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | last = Federal Department of Statistics | title = Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Kantonen | year = 2008 | url = http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html | format = Microsoft Excel | access-date = 5 November 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081215033605/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html | archive-date = 15 December 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Historical population ===
The historical population is given in the following table:
{| class="wikitable collapsible"
! colspan="5" | Historic Population Data<ref>{{Cite web|title=Basel-Landschaft|url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/007477/2017-05-29/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz|language=de}}</ref>
|-
! Year
! Total Population
! Swiss
! Non-Swiss
!Population share <br />of total country
|-
! scope="row" | 1850
| align="center" |47,885
| align="center" |46,103
| align="center" |1,782	
| align="center" |2.0%
|-
! scope="row" | 1900
| align="center" |68,497	
| align="center" |61,001
| align="center" |7,496
| align="center" |2.1%
|-
! scope="row" | 1950
| rowspan="1" align="center" | 107,549 || align="center" |100,923
| rowspan="1" align="center" |6,626
| align="center" |2.3%
|-
! scope="row" | 1990
| align="center" |233,488
| align="center" |197,292
| rowspan="1" align="center" |36,196
| align="center" |3.4%
|-
! scope="row" | 2020
| align="center" |290,969
| align="center" | || align="center" |
| align="center" |
|-
|}

== Economy ==
{{Citations needed section|date=December 2022}}[[File:Ebm münchestein eingang.jpg|thumb|[[Elektra Birseck Münchenstein]] in [[Münchenstein]]]]
Agriculture in the canton includes fruit growing, [[dairy farming]] and cattle breeding. Important industries include textiles, metals and chemicals.

The canton of Basel-Landschaft is part of the economic region around Basel that includes parts of France and Germany as well as both half cantons of Basel. Since the 1960s there are agreements in force to strengthen contacts within the so-called ''Regio Basiliensis''. This economic co-operation is often considered as the most intensive in [[Europe]].

From the 17th century until the beginning of the 20th century silk weaving was important in Basel-Landschaft. Factories were established as early as 1850, following the finding of [[Halite|salt]] in underground deposits, founding industries such as the chemical industry in ''Schweizerhalle''. The chemical industry means that Basel is one of the richer parts of Switzerland.

==See also==
*[[Augusta Raurica]]
*[[List of castles and fortresses in Switzerland]]
*[[Basellandschaftliche Zeitung]], daily newspaper published in Liestal.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Canton of Basel-Landschaft}}
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131115013547/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/bl/key.html Official statistics]
*{{HDS|7477}}

{{Cantons of Switzerland}}
{{Switzerland topics}}
{{Portal bar|Switzerland}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Basel-Landschaft| ]]
[[Category:Cantons of Switzerland]]