Editing Basarab I of Wallachia

{{Short description|First independent ruler of Wallachia (r. c. 1310–1351/52)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name               =Basarab I the Founder
| image              =Basarab I of Wallachia.jpg
| caption            =Basarab I (fresco in [[Curtea de Argeș|Argeș]])
| succession         =[[Voivode of Wallachia]]
| reign              ={{circa}} 1310/between 1304 and 1324{{spaced ndash}}1351/1352<br/>from {{circa}} 1344 with [[Nicolae Alexandru of Wallachia|Nicolae Alexandru]]
| predecessor        =[[Radu Negru]] or [[Thocomerius]]
| successor          =[[Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia]]
| spouse             =Doamna Marghita (Margarete)
| issue              =[[Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia]]<br/>[[Theodora of Wallachia]]
| house              =[[Basarab dynasty|Basarab]]
| house-type         =Dynasty
| father             =[[Radu Negru]], or [[Thocomerius]]
| mother             =
| birth_date         ={{circa|1270}}
| birth_place        =
| death_date         =1351 or 1352
| death_place        =
| place of burial    =
| religion           = [[Christian]]
}}

'''Basarab I''' ({{IPA|ro|basaˈrab|lang|Ro-Basarab.ogg}}), also known as '''Basarab the Founder''' ({{langx|ro|Basarab Întemeietorul}}; {{circa|1270}} – 1351/1352), was a ''[[voivode]]'' and later the first independent ruler of [[Wallachia]] who lived in the first half of the {{nobr|14th century}}. Many details of his life are uncertain.  According to two popular theories, Basarab either came into power between 1304 and 1324 by dethroning or peacefully succeeding the legendary founder of Wallachia, [[Radu Negru]], or in 1310 by succeeding his father, [[Thocomerius]].

A royal charter issued on 26 July 1324 is the first document to reference Basarab. According to the charter, he was subject to [[Charles I of Hungary]] as the ''voivode'' of Wallachia. Basarab became "disloyal to the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]]" in 1325. He seized the [[Banate of Severin]] and raided the southern regions of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. Basarab supported [[Michael Shishman of Bulgaria|Michael Shishman of Bulgaria's]] attack against the [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|Kingdom of Serbia]], but their united armies were defeated in the [[Battle of Velbazhd]] on the 28th of July 1330. Soon after, [[Charles I of Hungary]] invaded Wallachia, but the Wallachians ambushed the royal troops in the [[Battle of Posada]], between the 9th and 12 November 1330, nearly annihilating the entire force, subsequently ending Hungarian suzerainty in Wallachia, allowing the foundation of the  first independent Romanian principality. Basarab's descendants ruled Wallachia for at least two centuries. The region of [[Bessarabia]], situated between the rivers [[Dniester]] and [[Prut]], was named for the [[Basarab dynasty]].

==Origins==
Basarab was the son of [[Thocomerius]], according to a charter written by [[Charles I of Hungary]] in 1332.{{sfn|Cazacu|Mureșan|2013|pp=27–28}}{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|pp=151–153}} Thocomerius' social position cannot be determined.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=193}} A scholarly hypothesis states that he was descended from [[Seneslau]], a mid-13th-century Vlach ([[Romanians|Romanian]]) lord.{{sfn|Coman|2012|p=88}}{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=137}} Historian [[Vlad Georgescu]] writes that Thocomerius was the probable successor to [[Bărbat]], the late 13th-century ruler of [[Oltenia]].{{sfn|Georgescu|1991|p=17}} Historian [[Tudor Sălăgean]] says that Thocomerius was "a local potentate."{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=193}}

Basarab's name is of [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] origin.{{sfn|Djuvara|2014|p=74}}{{sfn|Spinei|2009|p=353}} Its first part is the [[present participle]] for the verb ''bas-'' ("press, rule, govern"); the second part matches the Turkic honorific title ''aba'' or ''oba'' ("father, elder kinsman"), which can be recognized in [[Cumans|Cuman]] names, such as Terteroba, Arslanapa and Ursoba.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=151}} Basarab's name implies that he was of Cuman or [[Pechenegs|Pecheneg]] ancestry, but this hypothesis has not been proven.{{sfn|Spinei|2009|p=353}}{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=129}}{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=153}} At least four royal charters from the 14th century refer to Basarab as a [[Vlachs|Vlach]].{{sfn|Cazacu|Mureșan|2013|pp=27–29}} Charles I of Hungary referred to him as "Basarab, our disloyal Vlach" in 1332.{{sfn|Cazacu|Mureșan|2013|pp=27–28}}{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=153}}

[[Pope John XXII]] addressed Basarab as a "devout Catholic prince" in a letter written on 1 February 1327.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=194}} On the same day, the pope sent similar letters to Charles I of Hungary and his high officials, including [[Thomas Szécsényi]], the [[voivode of Transylvania]], and [[Mikcs Ákos]], the [[ban of Slavonia]], asking them to support the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]]' actions against the "[[heretics]]".{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=150}}{{sfn|Györffy|1964|p=551}} According to scholar [[Neagu Djuvara]], this correspondence with the [[Holy See]] proves that Basarab was a Catholic, which also testifies to Basarab's Cuman origin, because the Cumans had been baptized according to Catholic rite.{{sfn|Djuvara|2014|p=75}} Historians Matei Cazacu and Dan Mureșan reject Djuvara's theory, saying that all other sources prove that Basarab was an [[Eastern Orthodox]].{{sfn|Cazacu|Mureșan|2013|pp=31–32}} For instance, the ''[[Illuminated Chronicle]]'', completed in the late 1350s, referred to Basarab as a "perfidious schismatic."<ref>''The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:'' (ch. 209.145), p. 147.</ref>{{sfn|Cazacu|Mureșan|2013|p=30}}

==Reign==
===Charles I's ''voivode''===
{{See also|Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Oligarch (Kingdom of Hungary)}}
The details of Basarab's accession are obscure.{{sfn|Andreescu|1998|p=86}}{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=130}} Early Romanian chronicles attribute the establishment of Wallachia to the legendary [[Radu Negru]].{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|pp=130–131}}{{sfn|Djuvara|2014|p=70}} According to 17th-century Wallachian chronicles, Radu Negru, after departing from [[Făgăraș]], arrived in Wallachia in either 1290 or 1292, accompanied by "many peoples".{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|pp=130, 147}} One of those chronicles, ''Istoria Țării Românești'', states that "Basarab" was the surname of an [[Oltenia]]n [[Boyars of Wallachia and Moldavia|boyar]] family, who accepted Radu Negru's suzerainty following his "[[Foundation of Wallachia#'Dismounting' by Radu Negru|dismounting]]".{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=131}} Historian Neagu Djuvara tentatively associates Basarab (or, alternatively, Basarab's father) with Radu Negru;{{sfn|Djuvara|2014|p=77}} Laurențiu Rădvan writes that Basarab either dethroned or peacefully succeeded Radu Negru between 1304 and 1324.{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=132}} Other historians, such as Vlad Georgescu, state that Basarab succeeded his father, Thocomerius, around 1310.{{sfn|Georgescu|1991|p=17}}{{sfn|Treptow|Popa|1996|pp=''xlvii'', 38}}

Basarab was first mentioned in a royal charter issued by Charles I of Hungary on 26 July 1324,{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=149}} in which he was described as "our [[voivode]] of Wallachia".{{sfn|Andreescu|1998|p=86}} This shows that Charles I regarded Basarab as a loyal [[vassal]] at that time.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=149}}{{sfn|Andreescu|1998|p=86}} Historian [[István Vásáry (historian)|István Vásáry]] states that Basarab only accepted Charles' suzerainty after the king restored royal authority in the Banate of Severin, a [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] border province, in 1321.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|pp=146, 148–149}} In exchange for his loyalty, Basarab's possession of Severin Fort was confirmed, according to historians Tudor Sălăgean and Attila Bárány.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=194}}{{sfn|Bárány|2012|p=358}}

===Towards independence===
{{Further|Battle of Posada}}
[[File:Chronicon Pictum P0143 A posadai csata1.JPG|thumb|The battle of Posada (Viennese copy of Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle)]]
[[File:Molnár József Carol Robert fleeing from Posada Battle.jpg|thumb|King Charles I fleeing from the Battle of Posada]]

A royal charter dated 18 June 1325 records that a person named Stephen, who was the son of a [[Cumans|Cuman]] ''[[ispán]]'' in Hungary, stated that the king was weaker than Basarab and "did not even reach up to [his] ankle".{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=153}}{{sfn|Djuvara|2014|p=76}} The same charter describes Basarab as "disloyal to the [[Holy Crown of Hungary]]", showing that Basarab had betrayed the crown.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=153}}{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=129}} A royal charter from 1329 listed Basarab, along with the Bulgarians, Serbs and Tatars, as an enemy who "[made] hostile inroads" around [[Mehadia]].{{sfn|Andreescu|1998|p=86}}{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}} Basarab seems to have entirely controlled the [[Banate of Severin]] between 1324 and 1330, since royal charters did not mention a Ban of Severin during this period.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=150}} In a letter written in 1327, [[Pope John XXII]] alluded to "territories of the Kingdom of Hungary which were subjected" to Basarab.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=153}}

[[Michael III Shishman]], Tsar of Bulgaria, attacked [[Serbia in the Middle Ages|Serbia]] in 1330.{{sfn|Fine|1994|p=271}} He was accompanied by "the ruler of the [[Jasz people|Yas]]", along with Vlach and "black Tatar" auxiliary troops.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=150}}{{sfn|Spinei|1986|pp=126–127}}{{sfn|Györffy|1964|p=546}} According to Serbian sources and a letter written by [[Stephen Dušan]], who became [[King of Serbia]] in 1331, Basarab personally led his army to Serbia to assist Shishman.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|pp=111–112}} The Serbs routed the united army of Michael Shishman and his allies at the [[Battle of Velbazhd]] on 28 July 1330.{{sfn|Georgescu|1991|p=17}}{{sfn|Fine|1994|pp=271–272}} Shishman was killed while fleeing from the battlefield.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=194}}{{sfn|Fine|1994|p=272}}

Taking advantage of the weakened state of Basarab's allies, Charles I of Hungary decided to restore his suzerainty in Wallachia.{{sfn|Georgescu|1991|p=17}}{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=194}} According to a royal charter issued two years after the events, Charles wanted to recapture "marginal lands" that Basarab "illegally" held in Wallachia.{{sfn|Bárány|2012|p=87}} He invaded Oltenia, captured Severin Fort and appointed [[Denis Szécsi]] Ban of Severin in September 1330.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}} According to the ''Illuminated Chronicle'', Basarab offered 7,000 "marks of silver"<ref name=Chronicon_Pictum_209_144>''The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:'' (ch. 209.144), p. 147.</ref> as compensation, along with a yearly tribute to the king.{{sfn|Georgescu|1991|p=17}}{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}} He also promised to send one of his sons to the royal court in [[Visegrád]].{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}}

However, Charles I refused Basarab's offer, saying that "[h]e is the shepherd of my sheep, and I will drag him by his beard from his lair".<ref name=Chronicon_Pictum_209_144/>{{sfn|Bárány|2012|p=359}} Charles continued his campaign, but he and his soldiers suffered from hunger while marching to [[Curtea de Argeș]] through a sparsely populated region.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}} Charles was compelled to sign an armistice with Basarab, and the royal army started retreating from Wallachia.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}}  On 9 November, however, the Wallachians ambushed the king and his soldiers at a narrow pass in the [[Southern Carpathians]].{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}} Standing on the cliffs above the valley, the Wallachians shot arrows and threw rocks upon the army.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}}{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}} The battle lasted until 12 November.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}}{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}} The royal army was decimated,{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}} and King Charles narrowly escaped.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=154}} Historian Sălăgean writes that Basarab repelled Charles' invasion without assistance from his allies.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}} A charter written in 1351 by [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis I]], Charles' son and successor, states that pagan "neighbors and a troop formed of other subjects unfaithful" to Charles supported Basarab during the war, suggesting that Tatar auxiliaries fought for Basarab.{{sfn|Andreescu|1998|p=88}} However, the credibility of the report, written decades after the events, is uncertain.{{sfn|Andreescu|1998|p=88}}

===Independent ruler===
Archaeological research shows that after his capital of Curtea de Argeș was destroyed during Charles I's campaign, Basarab moved his seat to [[Câmpulung]].{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|pp=162, 244}} Basarab's victory in the [[Battle of Posada]] enabled the introduction of an active foreign policy.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}} He supported the efforts of his son-in-law, [[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria|Ivan Alexander]], to seize the Bulgarian crown, which he did in February 1331.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}} With Basarab's support, Ivan Alexander successfully campaigned against the [[Byzantine Empire]] in 1331 and 1332.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}} According to Sălăgean, Basarab allegedly took possession of Severin Fort in the early 1330s.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}}

The reconstruction of Curtea de Argeș started after 1340, with the erection of new fortifications and a new palace.{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=244}} The construction of the [[Princely Church of Saint Nicholas in Curtea de Argeș]] also commenced during Basarab's rule, but it was completed after his death.{{sfn|Treptow|Popa|1996|p=39}} Basarab seems to have made his son, [[Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia|Nicholas Alexander]], his co-ruler around 1344.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}}{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=266}} Louis I of Hungary, who had succeeded Charles I in 1342, marched to southeastern Transylvania in the summer of 1344.{{sfn|Kristó|1988|p=195}} To prevent a campaign against Wallachia, Nicholas Alexander visited Louis I and swore loyalty to him, according to the nearly contemporaneous [[John of Küküllő]]'s chronicle.{{sfn|Kristó|1988|p=195}} Wallachian troops supported [[Andrew Lackfi]]'s attack against the Mongols in 1345, according to a Wallachian chronicle, but historian [[Victor Spinei]] rejects this report.{{sfn|Spinei|1986|p=177}}{{sfn|Andreescu|1998|p=89}} According to a charter of his grandson, [[Vladislav I of Wallachia|Vladislav I Vlaicu]], Basarab died in the year 6860 of the [[Byzantine calendar]], which is [[AD]] 1351 or 1352.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}}

==Family==
A [[diptych]] from [[Câmpulung]] contains a reference to "''[[Io (voievodal title particle)|Io]]'' Basarab voivode and his wife, Marghita".{{sfn|Hasan|2013|p=137}} Although the diptych (which was revised and renewed in 1710) may contain a scribal error, historians tend to accept that Basarab's wife was named Marghita (from Margarete).{{sfn|Hasan|2013|p=137}} According to Wallachian folklore, Marghita was the Catholic wife of the legendary founder of Wallachia, [[Radu Negru]].{{sfn|Hasan|2013|p=136}} She was told to have erected a Catholic church in Câmpulung, and committed suicide after the church was destroyed on her husband's order.{{sfn|Hasan|2013|p=136}}

In his letter concerning the Battle of Velbazhd, Stephen Dušan mentioned that Basarab was "the father-in-law of Tsar Alexander of Bulgaria", showing that Basarab's daughter, [[Theodora of Wallachia|Theodora]],{{sfn|Hasan|2013|p=140}} was [[Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria]]'s wife.{{sfn|Cazacu|Mureșan|2013|p=31}} Historian Vásáry states that Basarab married her to Ivan Alexander around 1323 to strengthen his alliance with Bulgaria.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=150}} She gave birth to children, but Ivan Alexander abandoned her and married a converted [[Jews in Bulgaria|Jew]], [[Sarah-Theodora]], in the 1350s.{{sfn|Fine|1994|p=366}} Basarab's son and successor, Nicholas Alexander, discontinued Basarab's alliance with Bulgaria.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}}

==Legacy==
{{See also|House of Basarab}}
[[File:The Princely Church.JPG|thumb|[[Princely Church of Saint Nicholas in Curtea de Argeș]]]]
Basarab's victory at the Battle of Posada was a turning point in the history of Wallachia.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=155}} Sălăgean writes that the victory "sanctioned the independence of Wallachia from the Hungarian crown" and altered its international status.{{sfn|Sălăgean|2005|p=195}} Georgescu describes Wallachia as the "first independent Romanian principality."{{sfn|Georgescu|1991|p=17}} Although the kings of Hungary continued to demand loyalty from the voivodes of Wallachia, Basarab and his successors yielded to them only temporarily in the {{nobr|14th century}}.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=155}}

The descendants of Basarab ruled Wallachia for at least two centuries.{{sfn|Treptow|Popa|1996|p=39}}{{sfn|Georgescu|1991|p=35}} Examples of his descendants include [[Mircea the Old]] and [[Vlad Dracula]].{{sfn|Treptow|Popa|1996|p=39}} [[Neagoe Basarab]], a member of the [[Craiovești]] boyar family, forged a genealogy to prove that he was a descendant of Basarab, and adopted "Basarab" as his family name after his accession in 1512.{{sfn|Treptow|Popa|1996|p=39}}

From the middle of the {{nobr|14th century}}, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Moldavian and Serbian chronicles used the name "Basarab" when referring to Wallachia.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=143}} From the next century onward, the southern region of the land between the [[Dniester]] and [[Prut]] rivers was named ''Basarabia''.{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=143}}{{sfn|Rădvan|2010|p=319}} After the [[Russian Empire]] [[Bessarabia Governorate#History#Annexation|annexed Basarabia]] in 1812, the region was renamed to [[Bessarabia]].{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=143}} The region is now part of the [[Republic of Moldova]].{{sfn|Vásáry|2005|p=143}}

== See also ==
*[[Founding of Wallachia]]
*[[Cumania]]
*[[Țara Litua]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
===Primary sources===
{{Refbegin}}
*''The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:'' Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8008-4015-1}}.
{{Refend}}

===Secondary sources===
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Andreescu|first=Stefan|editor1-last=Giurescu|editor1-first=Dinu C.|editor2-last=Fischer-Galați|editor2-first=Stephen|title=Romania: A Historic Perspective|publisher=East European Monographs|year=1998|pages=77–104|chapter=The making of the Romanian principalities|oclc=237138831}}
*{{cite book|last=Bárány|first=Attila|editor-last=Berend|editor-first=Nóra|title=The Expansion of Central Europe in the Middle Ages |publisher=Ashgate Variorum|year=2012|pages=333–380|chapter=The Expansion of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages (1000–1490) |isbn=978-1-4094-2245-7}}
*{{cite book|last1=Cazacu|first1=Matei|last2=Mureșan|first2=Dan Ioan|year=2013|title=Ioan Basarab, un domn român la începuturile Țării Românești ''[Ioan Basarab, a Romanian Prince at the Beginning of Wallachia]''|publisher=Cartier|language=ro|isbn=978-9975-79-807-5}}
*{{cite journal|last=Coman|first=Marian|title=Land, lordship and the making of Wallachia|journal=Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana|volume=1|issue=11|pages=79–94|year=2012|url=https://www.academia.edu/4825391}}
*{{cite book|last=Djuvara|first=Neagu|author-link=Neagu Djuvara|year=2014|title=A Brief Illustrated History of Romanians |publisher=Humanitas|isbn=978-973-50-4334-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Fine|first=John V. A.|author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.|year=1994|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth&nbsp;Century to the Ottoman Conquest|publisher=The University of Michigan Press|isbn=0-472-08260-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Georgescu|first=Vlad|author-link=Vlad Georgescu|year=1991|title=The Romanians: A History|publisher=Ohio State University Press|isbn=0-8142-0511-9}}
*{{cite journal|last=Györffy|first=György |author-link=György Györffy|title=Adatok a románok XIII. századi történetéhez és a román állam kezdeteihez (II. rész) |trans-title=Data on the Romanians' history in the 13th century and the beginnings of the Romanian state|journal=Társadalmi Szemle|volume=3–4|issue=7|pages=537–568|year=1964 |language=hu}}
*{{cite journal|last=Hasan|first=Mihai Florin|title=Aspecte ale relațiilor matrimoniale munteano-maghiare din secolele XIV-XV [Aspects of the Hungarian-Wallachian matrimonial relations of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries] |journal=Revista Bistriței|volume=XXVII |pages=128–159 |publisher=Cumplexul Muzeal Bistrița-Năsăud|year=2013|language=ro|url=https://www.academia.edu/6733752|issn=1222-5096}}
*{{cite book|last=Kristó|first=Gyula|year=1988|title=Az Anjou-kor háborúi ''[Wars in the Age of the Angevins]'' |publisher=Zrínyi Kiadó|language=hu|isbn=963-326-905-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Rădvan|first=Laurențiu|year=2010|title=At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities |publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18010-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Sălăgean|first=Tudor|editor1-last=Pop|editor1-first=Ioan-Aurel|editor2-last=Bolovan|editor2-first=Ioan|title=History of Romania: Compendium |publisher=Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies)|year=2005|pages=133–207 |chapter=Romanian Society in the Early Middle Ages (9th–14th&nbsp;Centuries&nbsp;AD)|isbn=978-973-7784-12-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Spinei|first=Victor|year=1986|title=Moldavia in the 11th–14th Centuries |publisher=Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România}}
*{{cite book|last=Spinei|first=Victor|year=2009|title=The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-17536-5}}
*{{cite book|last1=Treptow|first1=Kurt W.|last2=Popa|first2=Marcel|year=1996|title=Historical Dictionary of Romania|publisher=Scarecrow Press, Inc.|isbn= 0-8108-3179-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Vásáry|first=István|year=2005|title=Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365 |publisher= Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-83756-1 }}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite journal|last=Rásonyi|first=László|title=Contributions à l'histoire des premières cristallisations d'état des Roumains. L'origine des Basarabas [Contributions to the History of the First Crystallization of the Romanian State: The Basarabs' Origins]|journal=Études sur l'Europe centre-orientale|volume=3|pages=10–16|year=1935|language=fr}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Commons-inline}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Basarab]]| | | |1351 or 1352}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Thocomerius]] (?)}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Voivode of Wallachia]]|years=before 1324 – 1351 or 1352}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia|Nicholas Alexander]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basarab 01 Of Wallachia}}
[[Category:1310s births]]
[[Category:1352 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century Romanian people]]
[[Category:House of Basarab]]
[[Category:People of medieval Wallachia]]
[[Category:Princes of Wallachia]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]