Editing Baryte

{{Short description|Barium sulfate mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name        = Baryte (barite)
| category    = [[Sulfate mineral]], barite group
| boxwidth    =
| boxbgcolor  =
| image       = Barite - Cerro Warihuyn, Miraflores, Huamalies, Huanuco, Peru.jpg
| imagesize   = 260px
| caption     = Baryte crystals from Cerro Huarihuyn, Miraflores, Huamalíes, Huánuco, Peru
| formula     = BaSO<sub>4</sub>
|IMAsymbol=Brt<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| molweight   =
| strunz      = 7.AD.35
| dana        = 28.03.01.01
| system      = [[Orthorhombic]]
| class       = Dipyramidal (mmm)<br/>[[H-M symbol]]: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
| symmetry    = ''Pnma''
| unit cell   = a = 8.884(2)&nbsp;Å,<br/>b = 5.457(3)&nbsp;Å,<br/>c = 7.157(2)&nbsp;Å; Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;4
| color       = Colorless, white, light shades of blue, yellow, grey, brown
| habit       = Tabular parallel to base, fibrous, nodular to massive
| twinning    =
| cleavage    = Perfect cleavage parallel to base and prism faces: {001} Perfect, {210} Perfect, {010} Imperfect
| fracture    = Irregular/uneven
| tenacity    = Brittle
| mohs        = 3–3.5
| luster      = Vitreous, pearly
| refractive  = n<sub>α</sub> = 1.634–1.637<br/>n<sub>β</sub> = 1.636–1.638<br/>n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.646–1.648
| opticalprop = biaxial positive
| birefringence =0.012
| pleochroism =
| streak      = White
| gravity     = 4.3–5
| density     = 4.48 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="RiM-2000">{{cite journal |last= Hanor |first= J. |year=2000 |title=Barite-celestine geochemistry and environments of formation |journal=Reviews in Mineralogy |volume=40 |issue= 1 |pages=193–275 |isbn=0-939950-52-9 |publisher= Mineralogical Society of America |location= Washington, DC|doi= 10.2138/rmg.2000.40.4 |bibcode= 2000RvMG...40..193H }}</ref>
| melt        =
| fusibility  = 4, yellowish green ''barium flame''
| diagnostic  = white color, high specific gravity, characteristic cleavage and crystals
| solubility  = low
| diaphaneity = transparent to opaque
| other       =
| references  =<ref name="Dana">{{cite book |last1= Dana |first1= James Dwight |author1-link=James Dwight Dana |last2= Ford |first2= William Ebenezer |title= Dana's Manual of Mineralogy for the Student of Elementary Mineralogy, the Mining Engineer, the Geologist, the Prospector, the Collector, Etc. |year= 1915 |edition= 13 |url= https://archive.org/details/danasmanualmine00fordgoog |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/danasmanualmine00fordgoog/page/n408 299]–300}}</ref><ref name=Mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/min-549.html Barite at Mindat]</ref><ref name=Webmin>[http://webmineral.com/data/Barite.shtml Webmineral data for barite]</ref><ref name=Handbook>[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/baryte.pdf Baryte], Handbook of Mineralogy</ref>
}}
'''Baryte''', '''barite''' or '''barytes''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ær|aɪ|t|,_|ˈ|b|ɛər|-}} {{respell|BARR|eyet|,_|BAIR|-}}<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/baryte |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308133037/https://www.lexico.com/definition/baryte |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 8, 2020 |title=baryte |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|b|ə|ˈ|r|aɪ|t|i:|z}} {{respell|bə|RYTE|eez}}<ref>{{MW|barytes}}</ref>) is a [[mineral]] consisting of [[barium sulfate]] (Ba[[sulfur|S]][[oxygen|O]]<sub>4</sub>).<ref name="Dana"/> Baryte is generally white or [[color]]less, and is the main source of the element [[barium]]. The ''baryte group'' consists of baryte, [[celestine (mineral)|celestine]] (strontium sulfate), [[anglesite]] (lead sulfate), and [[anhydrite]] (calcium sulfate). Baryte and celestine form a [[solid solution]] {{Chem2|(Ba,Sr)SO4}}.<ref name="RiM-2000"/>

==Names and history==
[[File:Barite-unit-cell-3D-balls.png|thumb|left|The unit cell of baryte]]
The radiating form, sometimes referred to as ''Bologna Stone'',<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Jackson |editor1-first=Julia A. |title=Glossary of geology. |date=1997 |publisher=American Geological Institute |location=Alexandria, Virginia |isbn=0922152349 |edition=Fourth |chapter=Bologna stone}}</ref> attained some notoriety among [[alchemists]] for specimens found in the 17th century near [[Bologna]] by Vincenzo Casciarolo. These became [[phosphorescent]] upon being [[calcined]].<ref>[http://www.isbc.unibo.it/Files/10_SE_BoStone.htm History of the Bologna stone] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202172123/http://www.isbc.unibo.it/Files/10_SE_BoStone.htm |date=2006-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lastusaari |first1=Mika |last2=Laamanen |first2=Taneli |last3=Malkamäki |first3=Marja |last4=Eskola |first4=Kari O. |last5=Kotlov |first5=Aleksei |last6=Carlson |first6=Stefan |last7=Welter |first7=Edmund |last8=Brito |first8=Hermi F. |last9=Bettinelli |first9=Marco |last10=Jungner |first10=Högne |last11=Hölsä |first11=Jorma |title=The Bologna Stone: history's first persistent luminescent material |journal=European Journal of Mineralogy |date=26 September 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=885–890 |doi=10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2224|bibcode=2012EJMin..24..885L |s2cid=97905966 |url=https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_27238_1/component/file_27236/Lastusaari.pdf }}</ref>

[[Carl Scheele]] determined that baryte contained a new element in 1774, but could not isolate [[barium]], only [[barium oxide]]. [[Johan Gottlieb Gahn]] also isolated [[barium oxide]] two years later in similar studies. Barium was first isolated by electrolysis of molten barium salts in 1808 by Sir [[Humphry Davy]] in [[England]].<ref name="history">{{cite book| page = 80| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yb9xTj72vNAC| title = The history and use of our earth's chemical elements: a reference guide| author = Krebs, Robert E. | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group| date = 2006| isbn = 978-0-313-33438-2}}</ref>

The [[American Petroleum Institute]] specification API 13/[[ISO]] 13500, which governs ''baryte'' for drilling purposes, does not refer to any specific mineral, but rather a material that meets that specification.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISO 13500:2008 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluid materials — Specifications and tests |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:13500:ed-3:v1:en |publisher=ISO |access-date=2 February 2022 |date=2008}}</ref> In practice, however, this is usually the mineral baryte.<ref name=Nesse2000>{{cite book |last1=Nesse |first1=William D. |title=Introduction to mineralogy |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780195106916 |pages=345–346}}</ref>

The term "primary barytes" refers to the first marketable product, which includes crude baryte (run of mine) and the products of simple [[beneficiation]] methods, such as washing, jigging, heavy media separation, tabling, and flotation. Most crude baryte requires some [[upgrading]] to minimum purity or density. Baryte that is used as an aggregate in a "heavy" [[cement]] is crushed and screened to a uniform size. Most baryte is ground to a small, uniform size before it is used as a filler or extender, an addition to industrial products, in the production of barium chemicals, or as a [[drilling fluid#Control formation pressures|weighting agent]] in [[petroleum]] well [[drilling mud]].<ref>{{Free-content attribution|
| title = Barite Statistics and Information
| author = National Minerals Information Center
| publisher = U.S. Geological Survey
| documentURL = https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/barite-statistics-and-information
| license = Public domain
| access-date = 1 February 2022
}}</ref>

===Name===
The name baryte is derived from the {{langx|grc|βαρύς |translit=barús}}, 'heavy'. The [[American and British English differences|American spelling]] is ''barite''.<ref name="Dana"/><ref name="usgs">M. Michael Miller [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/barite/myb1-2009-barit.pdf Barite], 2009 Minerals Yearbook</ref> The [[International Mineralogical Association]] initially adopted "barite" as the official spelling, but recommended adopting the older "baryte" spelling later. This move was controversial and was notably ignored by American mineralogists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.minerals.net/mineral/barite.aspx|title=Barite: The mineral Barite information and pictures|website=www.minerals.net|access-date=2017-12-14}}</ref>

Other names have been used for baryte, including ''barytine'',<ref name="IMA">{{cite journal|date=March 1971|title=International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=38|issue=293|pages=102–5|doi=10.1180/minmag.1971.038.293.14|bibcode=1971MinM...38..102.|s2cid=40823176 }}</ref> ''barytite'',<ref name="IMA"/> ''barytes'',<ref name="IndBurMines">{{cite web |url=http://ibm.nic.in/index.php?c=pages&m=index&id=680 |title=Monograph on Barytes |publisher=Indian Bureau of Mines |date=1995 |access-date=14 July 2017}}</ref> ''heavy spar'',<ref name="Dana"/> ''tiff'',<ref name=Mindat/> and ''blanc fixe''.<ref name="MerriamWebster1">{{cite web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blanc%20fixe |title=Definition of blanc fixe |publisher=Merriam-Webster |work=Merriam-Webster Dictionary |access-date=14 July 2017}}</ref>

==Mineral associations and locations==
[[File:Barite FRIZINGTON.jpg|thumb|left|Baryte (top) and dolomite from Cumbria, England]]
[[File:Abandoned baryte mine shaft at Ben Eagach near Aberfeldy, Perthshire, Scotland.JPG|thumb|Abandoned baryte mine shaft near Aberfeldy, Perthshire, Scotland]]
Baryte occurs in many depositional environments, and is deposited through many processes including biogenic, hydrothermal, and evaporative ones, among others.<ref name="RiM-2000"/> Baryte commonly occurs in [[Lead zirconate titanate|lead-zinc]] veins in [[limestone]]s, in hot spring deposits, and with [[hematite]] ore. It is often associated with the minerals [[anglesite]] and [[celestine (mineral)|celestine]]. It has also been identified in meteorites.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Mineralogy of meteorite groups |last=Rubin |first=Alan E. |journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=231–247 |date=March 1997 |bibcode=1997M&PS...32..231R |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.1997.tb01262.x|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Baryte has been found at locations in Australia, Brazil, Nigeria, Canada, Chile, China, India, Pakistan, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Iran, Ireland (where it was mined on [[Benbulben]]<ref>[http://www.mhti.com/mines_in_ireland_files/benbulben.htm Ben Bulben]. Mhti.com. Retrieved on 2011-05-05.</ref>), Liberia, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Romania ([[Baia Sprie]]), Turkey, South Africa ([[Barberton, Mpumalanga|Barberton Mountain Land]]),<ref name="Hanor">{{cite journal |last1= Duchač |first1= K. C |last2= Hanor |first2= J. S. |date=September 1987 |title= Origin and timing of the metasomatic silicification of an early Archaean komatiite sequence, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa |journal= Precambrian Research |volume= 37 |issue=2 |pages= 125–146 |doi=10.1016/0301-9268(87)90075-1|bibcode= 1987PreR...37..125D}}</ref> Thailand, the United Kingdom ([[Cornwall]], [[Cumbria]], [[Dartmoor]]/[[Devon]], [[Derbyshire]], [[Durham, England|Durham]], [[Shropshire]],<ref>[http://www.clydemuirshiel.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Muirshiel-Barytes-Mine.pdf Muirshiel Mine]. [[Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park]]. Scotland.</ref> [[Perthshire]], [[Argyllshire]], and [[Surrey]]<ref name="Dana"/>), and the US ([[Cheshire, Connecticut]], [[De Kalb, New York]], and Fort Wallace, New Mexico). It is mined in Arkansas, Connecticut, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Nevada, and Missouri.<ref name="Dana"/>

The global production of baryte in 2019 was estimated to be around 9.5&nbsp;million metric tons, down from 9.8&nbsp;million metric tons in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Production of barite worldwide 2019|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/799487/global-barite-production/|access-date=2020-08-30|website=Statista}}</ref> The major baryte producers (in thousand tonnes, data for 2017) are as follows: China (3,600), India (1,600), Morocco (1,000), Mexico (400), United States (330), Iran (280), Turkey (250), Russia (210), Kazakhstan (160), Thailand (130), and Laos (120).<ref name="barytes.org">{{Cite web |url=http://barytes.org/statistics.html |title=The Barytes Association, Barytes Statistics |access-date=2015-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113437/http://barytes.org/statistics.html |archive-date=2015-05-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The main users of baryte in 2017 were (in million tonnes) US (2.35), China (1.60), Middle East (1.55), the [[European Union]] and Norway (0.60), Russia and [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] (0.5), South America (0.35), Africa (0.25), and Canada (0.20). 70% of baryte was destined for oil and gas well drilling muds, 15% for barium chemicals, 14% for filler applications in automotive, construction, and paint industries, and 1% other applications.<ref name="barytes.org"/>

Natural baryte formed under [[Hydrothermal mineral deposit|hydrothermal conditions]] may be associated with [[quartz]] or [[silica]].<ref name="Fedele_2003">{{cite journal|last1=Fedele|first1=L.|last2=Todesca|first2=R.|last3=Boni|first3=M.|title=Barite-silica mineralization at the inter-Ordovician unconformity in southwestern Sardinia (Italy): a fluid inclusion study|journal=Mineralogy and Petrology|volume=77|issue=3–4|year=2003|pages=197–213|doi=10.1007/s00710-002-0200-9|bibcode=2003MinPe..77..197F|s2cid=129874363}}</ref> In [[hydrothermal vent]]s, the baryte-silica mineralisation can also be accompanied by precious metals.<ref name="Binns_1997">{{cite journal|last1=Binns|first1=R.A.|last2=Parr|first2=J.M.|last3=Gemmell|first3=J.B.|last4=Whitford|first4=D.J.|last5=Dean|first5=J.A.|title=Precious metals in barite-silica chimneys from Franklin Seamount, Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea|journal=Marine Geology|volume=142|issue=1–4|year=1997|pages=119–141|doi=10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00047-9|bibcode=1997MGeol.142..119B}}</ref>

Information about the mineral resource base of baryte ores is presented in some scientific articles.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Boyarko |first1=G. Yu.  |last2=Bolsunovskaya |first2=L. M.  |date=2023-11-13 |title=World's barite resources as critical raw material |url=https://mst.misis.ru/jour/article/view/572 |journal=Gornye Nauki I Tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=264–277 |doi=10.17073/2500-0632-2023-02-85 |issn=2500-0632|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Uses==
[[File:BariteWorldProductionUSGS.PNG|thumb]]

===In oil and gas drilling===

Worldwide, 69–77% of baryte is used as a weighting agent for [[drilling fluid]]s in [[oil and gas exploration]] to suppress high formation pressures and prevent [[blowout (well drilling)|blowouts]]. As a well is drilled, the bit passes through various formations, each with different characteristics. The deeper the hole, the more baryte is needed as a percentage of the total mud mix. An additional benefit of baryte is that it is non-magnetic and thus does not interfere with magnetic measurements taken in the borehole, either during [[logging-while-drilling]] or in separate drill-hole logging. Baryte used for drilling petroleum wells can be black, blue, brown, or gray depending on the ore body. The baryte is finely ground so that at least 97% of the material, by weight, can pass through a 200-mesh (75&nbsp;μm) screen, and no more than 30%, by weight, can be less than 6&nbsp;μm diameter. The ground baryte also must be dense enough so that it has a [[specific gravity]] of 4.2 or greater, is soft enough to not damage the bearings of a tricone drill bit, is chemically inert, and contains no more than 250 milligrams per kilogram of soluble alkaline salts.<ref name="usgs"/> In August 2010, the [[American Petroleum Institute]] published specifications to modify the 4.2 drilling grade standards for baryte to include 4.1 SG materials.

===In oxygen and sulfur isotopic analysis===
[[File:Baryte Morocco.jpg|thumb|Baryte ([[salmon (color)|salmon-colored]]) with [[cerussite]] from [[Morocco]]]]

In the deep ocean, away from continental sources of sediment, [[pelagic]] baryte precipitates and forms a significant amount of the sediments. Since baryte has oxygen, systematics in the [[Δ18O|δ<sup>18</sup>O]] of these sediments have been used to help constrain [[paleotemperature]]s for oceanic crust.

The variations in [[sulfur isotope]]s (<sup>34</sup>S/<sup>32</sup>S) are being examined in [[evaporite]] minerals containing sulfur (e.g. baryte) and [[Carbonate-associated sulfate|carbonate-associated sulfates]] to determine past seawater sulfur concentrations, which can help identify specific depositional periods such as [[Anoxic event|anoxic]] or oxic conditions. The use of sulfur isotope reconstruction is often paired with oxygen when a molecule contains both elements.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kastner, Miriam |title=Oceanic minerals: Their origin, nature of their environment, and significance |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue=7 |pages=3380–7 |date=30 March 1999 |pmid=10097047 |pmc=34278 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.7.3380 |bibcode=1999PNAS...96.3380K|doi-access=free }}</ref>

=== Geochronological dating ===
Dating the baryte in [[hydrothermal vent]]s has been one of the major methods to determine their ages.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Grasty |first1=Robert L. |last2=Smith |first2=Charles |last3=Franklin |first3=James M. |last4=Jonasson |first4=Ian R. |date=1988-09-01 |title=Radioactive orphans in barite-rich chimneys, Axial Caldera, Juan De Fuca Ridge |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article-abstract/26/3/627/12059/Radioactive-orphans-in-barite-rich-chimneys-Axial |journal=The Canadian Mineralogist |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=627–636 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Noguchi |first1=Takuroh |last2=Shinjo |first2=Ryuichi |last3=Ito |first3=Michihiro |last4=Takada |first4=Jitsuya |last5=Oomori |first5=Tamotsu |date=2011 |title=Barite geochemistry from hydrothermal chimneys of the Okinawa Trough: insight into chimney formation and fluid/sediment interaction |journal=Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=26–35 |doi=10.2465/jmps.090825 |bibcode=2011JMPeS.106...26N |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Takamasa |first1=Asako |last2=Nakai |first2=Shun'ichi |last3=Sato |first3=Fumihiro |last4=Toyoda |first4=Shin |last5=Banerjee |first5=Debabrata |last6=Ishibashi |first6=Junichiro |date=February 2013 |title=U–Th radioactive disequilibrium and ESR dating of a barite-containing sulfide crust from South Mariana Trough |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1871101412001896 |journal=Quaternary Geochronology |volume=15 |pages=38–46 |doi=10.1016/j.quageo.2012.12.002|bibcode=2013QuGeo..15...38T |s2cid=129020357 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Citation |last1=Fujiwara |first1=Taisei |title=ESR Dating of Barite in Sea-Floor Hydrothermal Sulfide Deposits in the Okinawa Trough |date=2015 |work=Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems |pages=369–386 |editor-last=Ishibashi |editor-first=Jun-ichiro |place=Tokyo |publisher=Springer Japan |doi=10.1007/978-4-431-54865-2_29 |isbn=978-4-431-54864-5 |last2=Toyoda |first2=Shin |last3=Uchida |first3=Ai |last4=Ishibashi |first4=Jun-ichiro |last5=Nakai |first5=Shun’ichi |last6=Takamasa |first6=Asako |editor2-last=Okino |editor2-first=Kyoko |editor3-last=Sunamura |editor3-first=Michinari|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Tsang |first1=Man-Yin |last2=Toyoda |first2=Shin |last3=Tomita |first3=Makiko |last4=Yamamoto |first4=Yuzuru |date=2022-08-01 |title=Thermal stability and closure temperature of barite for electron spin resonance dating |journal=Quaternary Geochronology |volume=71 |pages=101332 |doi=10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101332 |bibcode=2022QuGeo..7101332T |s2cid=248614826 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Common methods to date hydrothermal baryte include [[radiometric dating]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and [[electron spin resonance dating]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

===Other uses===

Baryte is used in added-value applications which include filler in paint and plastics, sound reduction in engine compartments, coat of automobile finishes for smoothness and corrosion resistance, friction products for automobiles and trucks, [[radiation shield|radiation-shield]]ing [[concrete]], [[glass]] [[ceramic]]s, and medical applications (for example, a [[barium meal]] before a contrast [[CT scan]]). Baryte is supplied in a variety of forms, and the price depends on the amount of processing; filler applications command higher prices following intense physical processing by grinding and micronising, and there are further premiums for whiteness and brightness and color.<ref name="usgs"/> It is also used to produce other barium chemicals, notably [[barium carbonate]] which is used for the manufacture of [[LED]] glass for [[television]] and [[computer screen]]s (historically in [[cathode-ray tube]]s) and for [[dielectric]]s.

Historically, baryte was used for the production of [[barium hydroxide]] for [[sugar refining]], and as a white [[pigment]] for [[textile]]s, [[paper]], and [[paint]].<ref name="Dana"/>

Although baryte contains the [[toxic heavy metal|toxic]] [[alkaline earth metal#Barium|alkaline earth metal]] [[barium]], it is not detrimental for human health, animals, plants, and the environment because barium sulfate is extremely [[insoluble]] in water.

It is also sometimes used as a [[gemstone]].<ref>Thomas, Arthur (2009). ''Gemstones: Properties, identification and use''. New Holland Publishers. p. 138. {{ISBN|1847734847}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hokutolite]]
*[[Rose rock]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{EB1911 poster|Barytes}}
{{Commons category|Baryte}}
* <!--<ref name="Johnson_2017"> -->{{cite journal|last1=Johnson|first1=Craig A.|last2=Piatak|first2=Nadine M.|last3=Miller|first3=M. Michael|last4=Schulz|first4=Klaus J.|last5=DeYoung|first5=John H.|last6=Seal|first6=Robert R.|last7=Bradley|first7=Dwight C.|title=Barite (Barium). Chapter D of: Critical Mineral Resources of the United States—Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply. Professional Paper 1802–D|journal=U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers|year=2017|doi=10.3133/pp1802D}}

{{USGS|title=Barite|url=https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/barite/myb1-2009-barit.pdf}}
{{Ores}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Barium minerals]]
[[Category:Sulfate minerals]]
[[Category:Evaporite]]
[[Category:Gemstones]]
[[Category:Industrial minerals]]
[[Category:Luminescent minerals]]
[[Category:Orthorhombic minerals]]
[[Category:Baryte group]]
[[Category:Minerals in space group 62]]