Editing Barber

{{Short description|Person who cuts, dresses, grooms, styles and shaves males' hair or beards}}
{{About|the profession|other uses|Barber (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Occupation
| name= Barber, Hairdresser
| image= [[File:Barbero-afeitado-clasico-compressor.jpg|250px]]
| caption= 
| official_names= Barber, hairdresser
<!------------Details------------------->
| type= [[Vocation]]
| activity_sector=
| competencies=
| formation=
| employment_field= Barbershops, [[hair salon]]s, hairdressing salons
| related_occupation=
| average_salary=
}}
A '''barber''' is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave hair or beards. A barber's place of work is known as a '''barbershop''' or '''the barber's'''. Barbershops have been noted places of social interaction and public discourse since at least [[classical antiquity]]. In some instances, barbershops were also public forums. They were the locations of open debates, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions about contemporary issues.

In previous times, barbers (known as [[barber surgeon]]s) also performed [[surgery]] and [[dentistry]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Küskü |first=Elif Aslan |date=2022-01-01 |title=Examination of Scientific Revolution Medicine on the Human Body / Bilimsel Devrim Tıbbını İnsan Bedeni Üzerinden İncelemek |url=https://www.academia.edu/87500649 |journal=The Legends Journal of European History Studies}}</ref> With the development of [[safety razor]]s and the decreasing prevalence of beards in [[English-speaking world|Anglophonic]] cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting men's scalp hair as opposed to [[facial hair]].

{{anchor|Terminology|Etymology|Name}}

== Names ==
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{globalize|date=March 2017}}
[[File:2018-04-21-12-25-25-IMG 7258 (46219375424).jpg|thumb|A barber shop along the Ruoholahdenkatu street in [[Kamppi]], [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]]]
[[File:Haircut practice - Tokyo area - 2013 1 30.webm|thumb|A barber practicing a haircut in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]]]
[[File:A Barber.jpg|alt=At Wunti market Bauchi, Bauchi State Nigeria|thumb|A traditional [[Hausa people|Hausa]] barber ([[Wanzami]])]]
In modern times, the term "barber" is used both as a professional title and to refer to [[hairdresser]]s who specialize in men's hair. Historically, all hairdressers were considered barbers. In the 20th century, the profession of [[cosmetology]] branched off from barbering, and today hairdressers may be licensed as either barbers or cosmetologists. Barbers differ with respect to where they work, which services they are licensed to provide, and what name they use to refer to themselves. Part of this terminology difference depends on the regulations in a given location.

In the early 1900s, an alternative word for barber, "chirotonsor", came into use in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web|title=On this day in Florida history - June 21, 1926 - Miami barbers don't want to be called 'chirotonsors'|url=http://www.floridahistorynetwork.com/june-21-1926---miami-barbers-dont-want-to-be-called-chirotonsors.html|access-date=2020-12-07|website=Florida History Network}}</ref>

Different states in the US vary on their labor and licensing laws. For example, in Maryland and Pennsylvania, a cosmetologist cannot use a [[straight razor]], strictly reserved for barbers. In contrast, in New Jersey both are regulated by the State Board of Cosmetology and there is no longer a legal difference in barbers and cosmetologists, as they are issued the same license and can practice both the art of straight razor shaving, coloring, other chemical work and haircutting if they choose.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

In Australia, during the mid to late 20th century, the official term for a barber was ''men's hairdresser''; ''barber'' was only a popular title for men's hairdressers. During this time, most would work in either a ''barbershop'' or ''hairdressing salon''.

== History ==
[[File:Boiotian Greek painted terracotta figure of a barber cutting a man's hair.jpg|thumb|[[Boiotia]]n Greek painted [[terracotta]] figure dating between c. 500 and c. 475 BCE, currently held in the [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|Museum of Fine Arts]], showing a barber cutting a man's hair]]
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2020}}
{{Globalize|section|date=April 2012}}
}}
===Antiquity===
The barber's trade has a long history: [[razors]] have been found among relics of the [[Bronze Age]] (around 3500 [[Anno Domini|BC]]) in Egypt. The first barbering services were performed by Egyptians in 5000 BC with instruments they had made from oyster shells or sharpened [[flint]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalbarbermuseum.org/about/barbering-timeline|title=Barbering Timeline - National Barber Museum|website=www.nationalbarbermuseum.org|access-date=2018-06-17}}</ref> In ancient Egyptian culture, barbers were highly respected individuals. Priests and men of medicine are the earliest recorded examples of barbers.<ref name=MOLER>Moler, A.B.. "The barbers' manual." Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free Books, Movies, Music & Wayback Machine. The National Education Council of the Associated Master Barbers of America, 1 January 1928. Web. 19 March 2012. https://archive.org/stream/barbersmanual00mole#page/n29/mode/2up.</ref> In addition, the art of barbering played a significant role across continents. Mayan, Aztec, Iroquois, Norse and Mongolian cultures utilized shave art as a way to distinguish roles in society and wartime.<ref name=Kuiper>Kuiper, A.C. "The Hair Etching Pen Guide, 14 April 2018. Web. 14 April 2018. https://www.royaletch.com/hair-etching-pen-guide/.</ref> Men in [[Ancient Greece]] would have their beards, hair, and fingernails trimmed and styled by the {{lang|grc|κουρεύς}} (''cureus''), in an ''[[agora]]'' (market place) which also served as a social gathering for debates and gossip. The barbers used a rough cloth (ὠμόλινον) on their shoulders to keep the hairs off their dresses. There were also female barbers (κουρεύτριαι).<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0062%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DT%3Aentry+group%3D10%3Aentry%3Dtonsor-harpers Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Tonsor]</ref>

Barbering was introduced to [[ancient Rome|Rome]] by the [[Magna Grecia|Greek colonies]] in [[Sicily]] in 296 BC,{{fact|date=July 2023}} and barbershops ({{langx|la|{{linktext|tonstrīna}}}}, lit. "clipperies") quickly became very popular centers for daily news and gossip.<ref name=hischild>{{citation |last=Chrisman |first=Oscar |title=The Historical Child |publisher=Richard G. Badger |date=1920 |page=235 |location=Boston }}.</ref> A morning visit to the barber ({{lang|la|{{linktext|tonsor}}}}) became a part of the daily routine, as important as the visit to the [[thermae|public baths]], and a young man's first shave ({{lang|la|{{linktext|tonsura}}}}) was considered an essential part of his [[coming of age]] ceremony.{{fact|date=July 2023}} Roman barbers employed rudimentary mirrors and wielded combs, razors, scissors, curling irons, specialized tools for beard removal and pomata to remove unwanted hair elsewhere.<ref name=hischild/> A few Roman barbers became wealthy and influential, running shops that were favorite public locations of [[class in ancient Rome|high society]]. Most, however, were simple tradesmen who owned small storefronts or worked in the streets for low prices.

===Middle Ages===
[[File:A barber getting ready to shave the face of a seated custome Wellcome V0019707.jpg|thumb|"A barber getting ready to shave the face of a seated customer.", c. 1801.]]
Starting from the [[Middle Ages]], barbers often served as surgeons and [[dentist]]s. In addition to haircutting, hairdressing, and shaving, barbers performed [[surgery]], [[bloodletting|bloodletting and leeching]], [[fire cupping]], [[enema]]s, and the [[dental extraction|extraction of teeth]]; earning them the name "[[barber surgeon]]s".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/surgeons-and-surgical-spaces#the-barbers-shop|title=Surgeons and Surgical Spaces #The Barber's Shop|website=sciencemuseum.org.uk|access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref> Barber-surgeons began to form powerful guilds such as the [[Worshipful Company of Barbers]] in London. Barbers received higher pay than surgeons until surgeons were entered into British warships during naval wars. Some of the duties of the barber included neck manipulation, cleansing of ears and scalp, draining of boils, fistula and lancing of cysts with wicks.

===Modernity===
[[File:Bucharest Barbershop 1842.jpg|thumb|right|Barbershop in [[Bucharest]] ≈1842. The barbershop also provides an opportunity for social contacts.]]Barbershops were influential at the turn of the 19th century in the United States as [[African-American businesses|African American businesses]] that helped to develop [[African American]] culture and economy. According to Trudier Harris, "In addition to its status as a gathering place, the black barbershop also functioned as a complicated and often contradictory [[Macrocosm and microcosm|microcosm]] of the larger world. It is an environment that can bolster egos and be supportive as well as a place where phony men can be destroyed, or at least highly shamed, from participation in verbal contests and other contests of skill. It is a retreat, a haven, an escape from nagging wives and the cares of the world. It is a place where men can be men. It is a place, in contrast to Gordone's [[Bar (establishment)|bar]], to be somebody."<ref name="black barbershop">{{cite journal|last=Harris|first=Trudier|title=The Barbershop in Black Literature|journal=Black American Literature Forum|date=Autumn 1979|volume=13|issue=3|pages=112–118|jstor=3041528|doi=10.2307/3041528}}</ref> Barbershops from black barbers at first mostly served wealthy Caucasians. In the later part of the century they opened barbershops in black communities for serving black people.<ref name="eighteeneight.com">{{Cite web|url=https://eighteeneight.com/austin-tx/a/|title=A Quick History Of Barbering {{!}} Austin, TX Barbershop|website=eighteeneight.com|access-date=2018-06-18|date=2017-10-16|archive-date=2021-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308210233/https://eighteeneight.com/austin-tx/a/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The average shop cost $20 to equip in 1880. It was about ten by twelve feet. A hair cut in 1880 would cost five or ten cents and shaving cost three cents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalbarbermuseum.org/about/barbering-timeline|title=Barbering Timeline - National Barber Museum|website=www.nationalbarbermuseum.org|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref>

[[File:Blow_hair_dryer.jpg|thumb|207x207px|A hair dryer in barbershop]]
[[File:At the barber shop, Essex County (I0015263).tiff|thumb|A barber shop in Essex County, Ontario, [ca. 1900], with the photographer visible in the mirror at the back.]]
In the late 19th and early 20th century, barbershops became a common business in the United States where people would go to have their hair cut by a professional barber with good equipment. People would also play [[board game]]s, talk about recent events, or gossip.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://eu.tennessean.com/story/news/2018/01/11/oprah-president-winfrey-barbershop-nashville/1015204001/|title=Oprah for president? The buzz at Winfrey's barbershop in Nashville|last=Bliss|first=Jessica|date=2018-01-12|work=The Tennessean|access-date=2018-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beardtrimandgroom.com/the-history-of-barbers/|title=History Of Barbers|website=beardtrimandgroom.com|date=27 September 2014|access-date=2018-06-18|archive-date=2021-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711064224/https://beardtrimandgroom.com/the-history-of-barbers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> They have also occasionally been used for public debates or voicing public concerns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.coloradobarbers.com/history-of-barbering|title=coloradobarbers|website=coloradobarbers|access-date=2018-06-18|archive-date=2021-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711064222/https://www.coloradobarbers.com/history-of-barbering|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Most modern barbershops have special [[barber chair]]s, and special equipment for rinsing and washing hair. In some barbershops, people can read magazines or watch TV while the barber works.

[[File:Iranian barber.jpg|thumb|right|An Iranian barber shaping his customer's beard in [[Ahvaz]], Iran ≈2022]]
Despite the economic recession in 2008, the barbershop industry has seen continued positive growth. In 2018 there was a trial that had barbers check high blood pressure in barbershops and have a pharmacist meet and treat the patient in the barbershop, with positive results.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/21/upshot/what-barbershops-can-teach-about-delivering-health-care.html|title=What Barbershops Can Teach About Delivering Health Care|last=Caroll|first=Aaron E.|date=2018-05-21|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref>

In 2018, Arthur Rubinoff opened a museum with barber poles and antique barber equipment in [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/04/nyregion/barbering-is-an-art.html|title=Barbering Is an Art|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=2018-05-04|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref>

The barber [[Sam Mature]], whose interview with [[Studs Terkel]] was published in Terkel's 1974 book ''[[Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do|Working]]'', says "A man used to get a haircut every couple weeks. Now he waits a month or two, some of 'em even longer than that. A lot of people would get manicured and fixed up every week. Most of these people retired, moved away, or died. It's all on account of long hair. You take old-timers, they wanted to look neat, to be presentable. Now people don't seem to care too much."

Given their importance as social hubs in certain cultures, barbershops have been used in educational campaigns. These include the U.S. literacy project Barbershop Books,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://barbershopbooks.org/about-us/|title=About Us – Barbershop Books|work=Barbershop Books|access-date=2018-08-14}}</ref> which sets up reading stations in barbershops to promote a culture of reading among African American boys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pw.org/content/barbershop_books_0|title=Barbershop Books|last=Ro|first=Christine|date=2018-06-13|website=Poets & Writers}}</ref> Public health researchers have also explored barbershops as a venue for sexual health education.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Randolph|first1=Schenita D.|last2=Pleasants|first2=Terrence|last3=Gonzalez-Guarda|first3=Rosa M.|date=November 2017|title=Barber-led sexual health education intervention for Black male adolescents and their fathers|journal=Public Health Nursing|volume=34|issue=6|pages=555–560|doi=10.1111/phn.12350|issn=1525-1446|pmid=28812306|s2cid=11564832}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" widths="250px" heights="250px">
File:Enrique Simonet - El barbero del zoco - 1897.jpg|"The Barber at the Souk" by [[Enrique Simonet]], 1897
File:Barber at Peshawar British India 1907.jpg|Barber at [[Peshawar]], [[British India]], 1907
File:TexasRichardson barberShop.jpg|Interior of a barber's shop, circa 1920
File:Old barbershop in West Texas IMG 4596.JPG|The barbershop in Fluvanna, Texas, was restored in 2010 as part of a pioneer village in [[Snyder, Texas|Snyder]] in [[Scurry County, Texas|Scurry County]] in [[West Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historicscurrycounty.com/exhibits.htm|title=Heritage Village {{!}} Snyder, Scurry County, Texas|website=historicscurrycounty.com|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref>
File:Inside a New Traditional Barber Shop in Bucharest, Romania.jpg|Barbershop in [[Bucharest]] around 2016. Men find the lost comradery between their peers, inside such "new traditional" barbershops, a revival of the old ones.
File:Barber Shop Museum 290 Columbus Av jeh.jpg|Barber Shop Museum in Manhattan
</gallery>

==Barber schools ==
In 1893, A. B. Moler of Chicago established a school for barbers. This was the first institution of its kind in the world, and its success was apparent from its very start. It stood for higher education in the ranks, and the parent school was rapidly followed by branches in nearly every principal city of the United States. In the beginning of barber schools, only the practical work of shaving, hair-cutting, facial treatments, etc., was taught as neither the public nor the profession was ready to accept scientific treatments of hair, skin and scalp. Not until about 1920 was much effort made to professionalize the work.<ref name="MOLER" />

Training to be a barber is achieved through various means around the world. In the US, barber training is carried out at "barber schools".{{cn|date=June 2024}}

'''Cost''' – Many states require a barber license in order to practice barbering professionally. The cost of barber school varies from state to state, and also from metro area to metro area. Schools in larger metropolitan areas tend to cost more than those located in more rural towns. Brand names can also affect the cost of barber school. Most barber schools cost between $6,500 and $10,000 to complete. Because each state has different minimums for training hours, the length and cost of the program can vary accordingly. Some schools' tuition includes supplies and textbooks, whereas others do not. Barber license exam fees typically range from $50 to $150.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

'''Length''' – Most states require the same amount of training hours for barbers as they do for cosmetologists. The number of hours required ranges from 800 to 2,000 training hours, depending on the state's licensing requirements. Most programs can be completed in 15 months or fewer.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

'''Curriculum''' – The barber school curriculum consists of hair cutting, coloring and styling for men's hair and women's short hair. Chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing, lightening and relaxing hair may also be taught. All cosmetology disciplines learn safety and sanitation best practices. Barber students can expect to learn some elements of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and some small elements of pharmacology. It also teaches [[facial hair]] techniques, including traditional and modern shaves. Generally barber programs touch on scalp massage and treatments. Advanced barber training may include custom shave designs. It is more common in barbering schools than other cosmetology disciplines to get some business and ethics education, since entrepreneurship is especially common in the barbering trade with many professionals choosing to open their own barbershops. All the skills learned in barber school will be tested at the board exams, which typically feature a written and practical exam.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

== Barber's pole ==
{{Main|Barber's pole}}
[[File:Barber_Shop_Pole.jpg|thumb|upright|A red, white and blue striped pole]]
The barber pole, featuring blue, red and white spiraling stripes, symbolizes different aspects of the craft. It is a symbol from the time when barbers used to perform medical procedures. The white and red stripes represent bandages and blood while the blue stripes represent veins. The pole may be stationary or may rotate, often with the aid of an [[electric motor]].<ref name="dictionary">{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Barber Pole |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/barber-pole |access-date=14 November 2010 |work=Webster's New World College Dictionary |publisher=Wiley Publishing |location=Cleveland}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Kate |title=Why Barber Poles are Red and White |url=http://www.sensationalcolor.com/color-messages-meanings/color-meaning-symbolism-psychology/color-meaning-a-symbolism-why-barber-poles-are-red-and-white.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129123325/http://sensationalcolor.com/color-messages-meanings/color-meaning-symbolism-psychology/color-meaning-a-symbolism-why-barber-poles-are-red-and-white.html |archive-date=29 November 2010 |access-date=14 November 2010 |work=Sensational Color |df=dmy}}</ref> A spinning barber pole creates a [[Barberpole illusion|visual illusion]], in which the stripes appear to be traveling up or down the length of the pole,<ref name="illusion">{{cite web |title=Barber Pole Illusion |url=http://www.sandlotscience.com/Ambiguous/Barberpole_Illusion.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128184013/http://sandlotscience.com/Ambiguous/Barberpole_Illusion.htm |archive-date=28 November 2010 |access-date=14 November 2010 |publisher=sandlotscience.com |df=dmy}}</ref> rather than around it.<ref name="deutsch">{{cite journal |date=Spring 2007 |editor1-last=Massaro |editor1-first=Dominic W. |title=Book Reviews: What Are Musical Paradox and Illusion? |url=http://deutsch.ucsd.edu/pdf/ben_carson_review_AJP.pdf |journal=[[American Journal of Psychology]] |publisher=[[University of California, Santa Cruz]] |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=123–170, 124, 132 |doi=10.2307/20445384 |jstor=20445384}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last=Carrella |first=Stefano |author2=Iswandy, Kuncup |author3=Lutz, Kai |author4=King, Andreas |date=18–19 May 2010 |title=3D-Localization of Low-Power Wireless Sensor Nodes Based on AMR-Sensors in Industrial and AmI Applications |url=http://www.vde-verlag.de/proceedings-en/453260093.html |format=CD-ROM |conference=Vorträge der 15. ITG/GMA-Fachtagung |location=Nuremberg |publisher=Berlin Offenbach |isbn=978-3-8007-3260-9 |access-date=14 November 2010 |book-title=Sensoren und Messsysteme 2010}}</ref>

In the [[United States]], the blue stripe is also sometimes used to match [[Flag of the United States|the flag]].<ref name="eighteeneight.com" /><ref name="Scientist">{{cite journal |last1=Burke |first1=Joan |date=February 2005 |title=Management of Barber Pole Worm in Sheep and Goats in the Southern U.S |url=http://attra.ncat.org/downloads/goat_barber_pole.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Small Farms Research Update |location=Booneville, Arkansas |publisher=[[U.S. Department of Agriculture]] Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305042910/http://attra.ncat.org/downloads/goat_barber_pole.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2009 |access-date=4 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="sheep">{{cite web |last=Schoenian |first=Susan |date=15 February 2005 |title=Diseases: Worms |url=http://www.sheep101.info/sheepdiseases.html |work=Sheep 101}}</ref> In [[South Korea]], barber's poles are used both for actual barbershops and for brothels.<ref name="Moon">{{cite book |last1=Moon |first1=Katharine Hyung-Sun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trvxvL3_yywC&q=barber&pg=PR9 |title=Sex Among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.–Korea Relations |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-231-10642-9 |location=New York |page=45 |access-date=14 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="Tracker">{{cite book |last1=Trecker |first1=Jamie |url=https://archive.org/details/lovebloodatworld0000trec |title=Love and Blood: At the World Cup with the Footballers, Fans, and Freaks |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-15-603098-4 |location=Orlando |page=[https://archive.org/details/lovebloodatworld0000trec/page/13 13] |quote=prostitution barber. |access-date=14 November 2010 |url-access=registration}}</ref> In [[Forest Grove, Oregon]], the "World's Tallest Barber Shop Pole" measures {{convert|72|ft|m}}.<ref name="tallest">{{cite web |last1=Kirby |first1=Doug |author-link1=Doug Kirby |last2=Smith |first2=Ken |last3=Wilkins |first3=Mike |year=2010 |title=Forest Grove, Oregon: World's Tallest Barber Shop Pole |url=http://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/1049 |access-date=14 November 2010 |publisher=Roadside America |location=Novato, California}}</ref>

Because of its bright bands and colors, the redbanded rockfish ''[[Sebastes babcocki]]'' is referred to as "barber pole". Other pseudonyms include bandit, convict, canary, Hollywood, and Spanish flag.<ref name="Rockfish">{{cite web |title=Redbanded rockfish |url=http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/rockfish-game/description/redbanded.htm |access-date=14 December 2010 |work=Alaska Fisheries Science Center |publisher=[[National Marine Fisheries Service]] [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref>

The phrase ''barber pole'' is derisive jargon in [[craps]], and refers to the commingling of "[[Casino token|gaming cheques]] of different denominations". Wagers that combine different denominations are "supposed to be stacked with the highest denomination at the bottom".<ref name="lingo">{{cite web |last=Cameron |first=Scott |year=2010 |title=Craps Lingo |url=https://www.dicedealer.com/craps/lingo/ |access-date=14 November 2010 |publisher=CasinoDealers}}</ref><ref name="craps">{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Crap Dictionary |url=http://www.worldcasinodirectory.com/crapsdictionary.htm |access-date=14 November 2010 |work=World Casino Directory}}</ref>

== Equipment ==
* [[Barber chair]]
* [[Hair clipper]]
* [[:commons:Category:Gebr. Piegler|Barbers' articles]] (20th century)
*Barber cloth or wrap (Victoria, Australia)
* Barber powder ([[talcum powder]] or [[baby powder]])
* [[Hairbrush]]
* [[Comb]]
* Barber neck paper/tape
* Barber [[mirror]] or back mirror
* Hair [[brilliantine]]
* [[Disinfectant]] or [[barbicide]]
* [[Hair cream]]
* [[Hair dryer]], hair blower or blow drier
* [[Hair gel]]
* Hair [[pomade]]
* [[Hair texture powder]]
* [[Hairstyling tool#Scissors|Hair scissors]]
* [[Hair spray]]
* [[Hair tonic]]
* [[Hair wax]]
* [[Razor strop]]
* [[Shave brush]]
* [[Shaving oil]]
* [[Straight razor]]
* Station mat
* [[Mustache wax]]
* [[Shaving soap]] or [[shaving cream]]

The market for barber supplies is estimated to have revenue of around twenty billion dollars. The industry in the U.S. market is expected to grow by around 3% per year between 2017 and 2022.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

== Animals ==
The term "barbering" when applied to [[laboratory mice]] is a behavior where mice will use their teeth to pluck out hairs from the face of cage mates when they [[Personal grooming|groom]] each other. It is practised by both male and female mice. The "barber" plucks the [[vibrissa]]e of the recipient. The behavior is probably related to [[Dominance (ethology)|social dominance]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sarna |first1=JR |first2=RH |first3=IQ |title=The Dalila effect: C57BL6 mice barber whiskers by plucking |journal=[[Behavioural Brain Research]] |volume=108 |issue=1 |pages=39–45 |date=February 2000 |pmid=10680755 |doi= 10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00137-0 |last2=Dyck |last3=Whishaw|citeseerx=10.1.1.519.7265 |s2cid=18334770 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Barbasol]]
* [[Barber paradox]]
* [[Barbershop music]]
* [[Beauty salon]]
* [[Hairstyle]]
* [[List of barbers]]
* [[List of hairstyles]]
<!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order -->

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=_M9HAAAAIAAJ Andrews, William. (Cottingham, Yorkshire: J.R. Tutin, 1904) ''At the sign of the barber's pole: studies in hirsute history'']. 118 pages. J. R. Tutin. and [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713031855/http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/1/9/9/2/19925/19925.htm here] for [[Project Gutenberg]].
* Andrews, William, ''The Sign of the Barber's Pole: Studies in Hirsute History (Illustrated Edition)'' (Dodo Press) William Andrews (Dodo Press, 2009) 90 pages. [[Lethe Press]] Paperback. 108 pages. {{ISBN|978-1-59021-081-9}}.
* Rothman, Irving N., ed. The Barber in Modern Jewish Culture. A Genre of People, Places, and Things, with Illustrations. Foreword: Maximillian E. Novak. [[Lewiston, New York]]: [[Edwin Mellen Press]], 2008. 714 pp.

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote|Barbers}}
{{Commons category|Barbers}}
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Barber |volume=3 |short=x}}
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* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Barba.html ''Barba'': entry in William Smith's ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities'']
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* [https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes395011.htm ''Barber Statistics'']

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[[Category:Personal care and service occupations]]
[[Category:Hairdressing]]