Editing Bangui

{{Short description|Capital and largest city of the Central African Republic}}
{{hatnote group|{{Other places}}{{dist|Banjul}}}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Bangui
| other_name               = Bangî
| settlement_type          = [[Capital city]]
| image_skyline            = Bangui collage.png
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = '''From left to right, top to bottom:''' Oubangui Hotel, shores of Bangui, Bangui Shopping District, pedestrian crossing, view of a street
| pushpin_map              = Central African Republic#Africa
| pushpin_relief           = 1
| mapsize                  = 
| map_caption              = Bangui
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Central African Republic}}
| subdivision_type1        = Prefecture
| subdivision_name1        = [[Bangui (Prefecture)|Bangui]]
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 26 June 1889
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = [[Émile Gros Raymond Nakombo]] (2016–present)
| population_as_of         = 2021
| population_footnotes     = <ref name="ICASEES">{{cite web |url=https://icasees.org/index.php/regions/region-7-grand-bangui-1-425-276-hbts |title=REGION 7 (GRAND BANGUI) |publisher=Institut Centrafricain des Statistiques et des Etudes Economiques et Sociales |date=10 June 2022 |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603010055/https://icasees.org/index.php/regions/region-7-grand-bangui-1-425-276-hbts |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_total         = 812407
| population_density_km2   = auto
| area_total_km2           = 67
| area_total_sq_mi         = 
| timezone                 = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
| utc_offset               = +01:00
| coordinates              = {{coord|04|22|24|N|18|33|46|E|region:CF|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m              = 369
| elevation_ft             = 
| blank1_name              = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank1_info              = 0.420 ([[List of prefectures of the Central African Republic by Human Development Index|1st]])
| image_map                = Central African Republic - Bangui (+special marker).svg
| pushpin_map_caption      = Map of the [[Central African Republic]] showing Bangui
| image_flag               =  
}}

'''Bangui''' ({{IPA|fr|bɑ̃ɡi}}; or '''Bangî''' in [[Sango language|Sango]], formerly written '''Bangi''' in English) is the [[Capital (political)|capital]] and [[List of cities in the Central African Republic|largest city]] of the [[Central African Republic]]. It was established as a [[French Congo|French]] outpost in 1889 and named after its location on the northern bank of the [[Ubangi River]] ({{langx|fr|Oubangui}}); the Ubangi itself was named from the [[Bobangi language|Bobangi]] word for the "rapids" located beside the settlement,<ref>Room, Adrian. ''African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces, and Counties'', 2nd ed., p.&nbsp;30: "Bangui". McFarland & Co., 2008. {{ISBN|0786435461}}.</ref> which marked the end of navigable water north from [[Brazzaville]]. The majority of the population of the Central African Republic lives in the western parts of the country, in Bangui and the surrounding area.

The city has been part of [[Bangui (Prefecture)|Bangui Prefecture]] since December 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Oubangui Médias |first1=Oubangui Médias |title=La Centrafrique dispose désormais de 20 préfectures et de 84 sous-préfectures |url=https://oubanguimedias.com/2020/12/11/la-centrafrique-dispose-desormais-de-20-prefectures-et-de-84-sous-prefectures/ |website=oubanguimedias.com |date=11 December 2020 |publisher=Oubangi Medias |access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref> {{As of|2020}} it had an estimated population of 889,231.

The city consists of eight urban districts (''[[arrondissements]]''), 16 groups (''groupements'') and 205 neighbourhoods (''quartiers''). As the capital of the [[Central African Republic]], Bangui acts as an administrative, trade, and commercial centre. The National Assembly, government buildings, banks, foreign enterprises and embassies, hospitals, hotels, main markets and the [[Ngaragba Central Prison]] are all located here. Bangui manufactures [[textiles]], food products, [[beer]], [[shoes]] and [[soap]]. Its [[Cathédrale Notre-Dame (Bangui)|Notre-Dame Cathedral]] is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangui]]. The city is also home to the [[University of Bangui]], inaugurated in 1970. It is served by the [[Bangui M'Poko International Airport]].

== History ==
{{see also|Timeline of Bangui}}
[[Archaeology|Archaeological studies]] in and around Bangui have yielded at least 26 ancient [[Iron Age]] sites that contain many [[Metallurgy|metallurgical tools and object]]s, illuminating the pre-European history of the city and surrounding area.<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/4005/|title= Les sites paléo-métallurgiques de Bangui |publisher= UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=30 March 2013}}</ref> The archaeological sites were added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage]] Tentative List on 11 April 2006 in the Cultural category.<ref name="unesco" /> The site closest to Bangui is Pendere-Sengue, {{Convert|800|m}} from Independence Avenue, where archaeologists and conservation agencies have carried out studies. It is a paleo-metallurgical site where several thousand shards of ceramics, iron tools, pottery, and an iron spatula weighing {{Convert|9|kg}} have been unearthed. Its dating, compared with similar sites in [[Nigeria]] and [[Sudan]], could be close to the ninth century BC.<ref name="unesco" />

[[File:Peace pact between Dolisie and Chief Gbembo stamp.jpg|thumb|left|Dolisie and Chief Gbembo sign a pact in 1889 leading to Bangui's founding (commemorated on a 1989 stamp)]]
The modern settlement of Bangui was founded by Michel Dolisie and Alfred Uzac on 26 June 1889 on the direction of [[Brazzaville]] administrator Albert Dolisie.{{Sfn|Kalck|2005|p=LIII}} It was located in what was then the upper reaches of the [[French Congo]], the present-day [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]. The original site was {{cvt|10|km|}} south of the Ubangi rapids. Its territory was organized first into the territory of the Upper Ubangi (''{{lang|fr|Haut-Oubangui}}'') and then as the separate colony of [[Ubangi-Shari]].{{Sfn|Haggett|2002|p=2329}} The initial capitals of these areas were at [[les Abiras]] and [[Fort de Possel]] further upstream, but the rapids at Bangui blocked them from direct communication along the river and caused the settlement there to grow in importance until, in 1906, it was chosen as the new headquarters for the French administration. Bangui retained its importance as a military and administrative centre when the colony was folded into [[French Equatorial Africa]] and under both [[Vichy France|Vichy]] and [[Free France|Free French]] control during [[World War II]]. The French operated a [[Radio|radio transmitter]] in Bangui, which was described in 1932 as "the most remote radio station in Africa".<ref name="Magazines1932">{{cite journal|title=Popular Mechanics|journal = Popular Mechanics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YeIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA535|date=October 1932|publisher=Hearst Magazines|page=535|issn=0032-4558}}</ref>

[[File:Soldiers of the Forces Françaises Libres near Bangui.jpg|thumb|A local woman together with [[Free France|Free French]] soldiers near Bangui in 1940]]
[[File:Bangui 1960.jpg|thumb|Bangui in 1960]]
The colony of [[Ubangi-Shari]] received its autonomy in 1958 as the Central African Republic and became independent from France in 1960. In 1970, President [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] inaugurated the [[University of Bangui]].{{Sfn|Titley|1997|p=69}} He established the national airline [[Air Centrafrique]] the following year and ordered the construction of two new luxury [[hotel]]s in Bangui. With tensions mounting between Bangui and [[Paris]] as a result of Bokassa's uncontrollable expenditures, western [[bank]]s refused to lend him any more money.{{Sfn|Titley|1997|p=69}} Relations with the French worsened still further in April 1974, when the body of Brigette Miroux was discovered in a hotel room in Bangui. Miroux was a native of northern France who in 1973 came to the Central African Republic to become a "hostess" in Bokassa's [[Sud Aviation Caravelle|Caravelle]] aircraft.{{sfn|Titley|1997|p=56}} It was reported in the French media that she had been Bokassa's mistress and that he was responsible for her murder.{{Sfn|Titley|1997|p=69}} As a result, Bokassa banned import of French [[newspaper]]s and assumed control of the [[Agence France-Presse]] office in Bangui.{{Sfn|Titley|1997|p=69}} By 1975, Bangui had a population of 300,723.<ref name="CP">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Centralafrica.html|title=Central Africa|publisher=Citypopulation.de|access-date=30 March 2013}}</ref>

In March 1981, widespread violence took place in Bangui following elections, after [[Operation Caban]] led the French to drop Bokassa (who had begun to call himself [[Emperor Bokassa I]]) and to replace him with [[David Dacko]]. Opponents of the President met in Bangui and were forced to flee the country. After returning voluntarily to Bangui in the autumn of 1986,{{Sfn|Shillington|2004|p=407}} Bokassa went on trial. Initially faced with the death penalty, in February 1988 he was instead sentenced to life imprisonment.{{Sfn|Shillington|2004|p=407}} His successor was General [[André Kolingba]], army chief of staff of Dacko's army, who took over control from the local French military on 1 September 1981 under the pretext that the country was heading towards civil war. Although he attempted to combat corruption and control the national economy, he was unable to achieve his reforms. By the middle of the 1980s the country's economic situation had deteriorated as 80% of the revenue went towards meeting the salaries of the staff.{{Sfn|Shillington|2004|pp=406-407}}
Under pressure from a donor group called GIBAFOR (France, USA, Japan, Germany, EU, World Bank and the UN) Kolingba made moves to restore a degree of democracy in the country in 1991 with a multiparty government. Elections were held in 1993 and 1994. The first round was sabotaged by the government when it was clear they would lose. Under continued donor pressure elections were held again in 1994 as before with help from the UN Electoral Assistance Division. During these elections, [[Ange-Félix Patassé]] was elected to the post of president. Since he was from northern CAR, the southern group of Kolingba started a rebellion during 1996.{{Sfn|Shillington|2004|pp=406-407}}

In May 1996, about 200 soldiers of the Central African Republic mutinied in Bangui, demanding salary increases and the abdication of Ange-Félix Patassé.<ref name=Institute>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inadev.org/profile_-_central_african_republic.htm|title=Profile Central African Republic|access-date=10 January 2014|publisher=Institute for African Development|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034119/http://www.inadev.org/profile_-_central_african_republic.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the aftermath, the renegades plundered and killed more than 50 people.<ref name=Institute/> Following this, the French troops stationed in the country suppressed the rebellion and restored the dictatorial power. After being elected, President Patassé announced a national unity government in early 1997. The Patassé government, the opposition parties, and religious groups signed the [[Bangui Agreements]] in January 1997 which were a series of measures designed to reconcile competing political factions, reform and strengthen the economy.{{sfn|McKenna|2011|p=37}} The same year, the rebel troops refused a military base in Bangui and in June a new revolt broke out.

In view of frequent political unrest the city was named in 1996 as one of the most dangerous cities in the world.{{Sfn|Doeden|2009|p=16}} On 25 October 2002, several towns in the country and later Bangui itself were [[2002 Central African Republic coup attempt|attacked]] by the forces of General [[François Bozizé]], backed with international support.<ref name="Yearbook of the United Nations">{{cite book|title=Yearbook of the United Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yp2sSGFOXAgC&pg=PA145|year=2004|publisher=United Nations Publications|isbn=978-92-1-100904-0|page=145}}</ref> Bozizé refused to accept an arrest warrant and "defected with about a hundred troops, engaged in street battles in the northern neighborhoods of Bangui (traditionally supporting Patassé)" and went north.{{Sfn|Villalón|VonDoepp|2005|p=146}} Bozizé went into exile in [[Chad]]{{Sfn|Villalón|VonDoepp|2005|p=146}} but his troops returned to Bangui and fighting continued. Peace-keeping forces were ineffective, leaving Patassé isolated, and with support from Chad, Bozizé's troops were successful in removing Patassé's government. Patassé, who was returning from Niger after attending a conference, was not permitted to land in Bangui and he took asylum in [[Togo]], and Bozizé seized power and suspended the constitution. An all-party National Transitional Government was set up which functioned as an interim legislative body. However, the "climate of distrust continued".{{Sfn|Villalón|VonDoepp|2005|pp=147-48}}

=== 2013 rebellion ===
{{main|Battle of Bangui (2013)}}
[[File:VOA Bangui Refugees 02.jpg|thumb|A family shelters from the sun under tarpaulins from a refugee camp with bricks to rebuild their homes around them in the PK5 neighbourhood.]]
In late 2012, the [[Séléka]] coalition rebelled against the autocratic rule of [[François Bozizé]] and [[Central African Republic Civil War#Fall of Bangui|entered the city]]. After capturing [[Bria, Central African Republic|Bria]], [[Sibut]], and other important towns, they were on the verge of capturing [[Damara, Central African Republic|Damara]], the last strategic town before Bangui. France and the US refused to support the president and neighbouring countries reinforced the Central African Multinational Force (Fomac).<ref name=rebellion>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20889136|title=Central African Republic rebels halt advance on Bangui |date=2 January 2013|access-date=30 March 2013|publisher=BBC}}</ref>

In January 2013, the rebels terminated their operations, hoping for a negotiated settlement.<ref name=rebellion/> Following a [[ceasefire]] and a power-sharing agreement, Séléka and Bozizé agreed to honour the rebel's demands for the release of rebel prisoners and the expulsion of foreign troops from the country. The agreement allowed Bozizé to complete his term in office and to include members of Séléka in a new government. It was also agreed that fresh elections would be held in 2016.<ref name=century>{{cite encyclopedia|url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102152/Central-African-Republic/254026/The-21st-century|title= Central African Republic|encyclopedia= The 21st century|access-date=31 March 2013|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> The agreement was not honoured and the rebels captured Bangui on 23 March 2013, forcing Bozizé to flee the capital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21914825|title=Central African Republic rebels 'take president palace'|access-date=30 March 2013|publisher=BBC|date=24 March 2013}}</ref>

As of early January 2014, "around 500,000 have fled their homes" in Bangui, "almost half the city's population."<ref>
{{Cite news
| title = Nearly million people displaced by CAR conflict – UN
| work = BBC News
| access-date = 4 January 2014
| date = 3 January 2014
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25594002
}}</ref>

On 13 January 2021 around 200 rebels [[Battle of Bangui (2021)|attacked Bangui]], killing one peacekeeper before being repelled.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-01-13|title=Bullets and panic: rebels attack Central African Republic capital|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-centralafrica-security-idUSKBN29I0ZI|access-date=2023-02-12}}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
[[File:Bangui, Central African Republic.jpg|thumb|Satellite view of Bangui.]]
[[File:Ubangi river near Bangui.jpg|thumb|[[Ubangi River|Ubangi]] (Oubangui) River at the outskirts of Bangui.]]
Bangui, close to the country's southern border, lies on the northern banks of the [[Ubangi River]] just below a series of rapids that limit major commercial shipping upriver.{{Sfn|Haggett|2002|p=2329}} The only major city located on the river, it covers an area of {{Convert|67|km2}}. The navigable Ubangi River, with the backdrop of lush green hills, turns sharply south below Bangui and connects to the [[Congo River]] just south of the equator near Brazzaville as its chief northern tributary. The Ubangi river marks the border between the Central African Republic and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. The Congolese town of [[Zongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Zongo]] is situated across the river from Bangui.{{Sfn|Pritchard-Jones|Gibbons|2009|p=43}} The river flows to the east of downtown Bangui. During the rainy season the discharge in the river is three times higher than during the rest of the year. The city was also known as ''La Coquette'' (the beautiful city) in the 1970s.{{Sfn|Ham|2010|page=544}}
[[File:Map - Arrondissements and Quartiers in the agglomeration of Bangui.png|thumb|left|Map of Arrondissements and Quartiers in the area of Bangui]]
Close to the river, the city centre features a large [[triumphal arch|arch]] dedicated to Bokassa as well as the presidential palace and the central [[Market (place)|market]]. Lying {{Convert|5|km|mi|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} further north, the heart of the residential area has the largest market and most of the [[Nightlife (activity)|nightlife]]. Many of those in the suburbs live in houses known as Kodros, built of mud bricks with a thatched roof.{{Sfn|Doeden2009|pp=16,26-28}}

The [[Bangui Magnetic Anomaly]], one of the earth's largest crustal anomalies and the largest in Africa, has its centre in Bangui."<ref name="LPI">{{cite journal|first1=L. A. G. |last1=Antoine|first2= W. U. |last2=Reimold|first3= A. |last3=Tessema
|url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc99/pdf/5087.pdf|title=The Bangui Magnetic Anomaly Revisited|journal= Proceedings 62nd Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting|year=1999|volume=34|pages=A9|publisher= [[Lunar and Planetary Institute]], Houston|bibcode=1999M&PSA..34Q...9A|access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> It takes the form of a huge ellipse of {{Convert|700|km}} x {{Convert|1000|km}}, with its central point at 6 degrees north and 18 degrees east. It consists of three parts or segments, which comprise the northern, the southern and the central anomalies. The [[magnetic equator]] passes through the feature's centre. Although it is well documented, the feature's origins are not fully understood.{{Sfn|Gubbins|Herrero-Bervera|2007|p=39}}

The Central African Republic is situated just north of the Equator with daily temperatures normally reaching at least 30&nbsp;°C. Bangui, close to the Equator in the south of the country, it is slightly hotter and wetter than the northern regions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimbio.com/Prime+Minister+Elie+Dote/articles/fDGnOLftFLZ/African+Bonanza+At+Bangui|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130731171756/http://www.zimbio.com/Prime+Minister+Elie+Dote/articles/fDGnOLftFLZ/African+Bonanza+At+Bangui|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 July 2013|title=African Bonanza at Bangui|date=29 July 2012|publisher=Zimbio.com sourced from Voyage Africa net}}</ref> It has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system|Köppen]]: Aw)<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/509/ |title=Climate: Bangui – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> with dry winters. While the warm season is from 23 January to 18 March, the cold season lasts from 20 June to 27 August, when rainfall is frequently accompanied by thunderstorms.<ref name=Average>{{Cite web|url=http://weatherspark.com/averages/29063/Bangui-Central-African-Republic|title=Average Weather For Bangui, Central African Republic|access-date=31 July 2013|publisher=Weatherspark.com}}</ref> The city is bordered by thick tropical rainforests along the river banks.<ref name=Republic>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102152/Central-African-Republic/214025/The-arts-and-cultural-institutions|title= Central African Republic|encyclopedia= The arts and cultural institutions|access-date=31 March 2013|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Several of its neighbourhoods are in low-lying areas prone to recurrent flooding with severe rains in June and July 2009 leaving 11,000 people homeless.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.jeuneafrique.com/article_depeche.php?idarticle=20090707T120526Z20090707T120456Z| title=Centrafrique/inondations à Bangui: près de 11.000 sans-abri, selon un nouveau bilan | publisher= [[Jeune Afrique]] | language=fr|date= 7 July 2009|access-date=30 March 2013}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width        = auto
| metric first = yes
| single line  = yes
| location     = Bangui ([[Bangui M'poko International Airport]]) 1991–2020, extremes 1982-present

| Jan record high C = 38.6
| Feb record high C = 40.4
| Mar record high C = 40.2
| Apr record high C = 39.5
| May record high C = 39.5
| Jun record high C = 36.2
| Jul record high C = 35.4
| Aug record high C = 35.6
| Sep record high C = 36.5
| Oct record high C = 37.0
| Nov record high C = 37.5
| Dec record high C = 37.9

| Jan high C  = 33.8
| Feb high C  = 35.1
| Mar high C  = 34.7
| Apr high C  = 33.3
| May high C  = 32.4
| Jun high C  = 31.1
| Jul high C  = 30.4
| Aug high C  = 30.5
| Sep high C  = 31.3
| Oct high C  = 31.2
| Nov high C  = 32.1
| Dec high C  = 32.9
| year high C = 32.4

| Jan mean C  = 25.2
| Feb mean C  = 26.9
| Mar mean C  = 27.6
| Apr mean C  = 27.1
| May mean C  = 26.4
| Jun mean C  = 25.5
| Jul mean C  = 25.0
| Aug mean C  = 25.1
| Sep mean C  = 25.1
| Oct mean C  = 25.0
| Nov mean C  = 25.4
| Dec mean C  = 25.2
| year mean C = 25.8

| Jan low C  = 18.2
| Feb low C  = 20.8
| Mar low C  = 22.6
| Apr low C  = 22.5
| May low C  = 22.1
| Jun low C  = 21.6
| Jul low C  = 21.3
| Aug low C  = 21.3
| Sep low C  = 21.2
| Oct low C  = 21.2
| Nov low C  = 20.9
| Dec low C  = 19.1
| year low C = 21.1

| Jan record low C = 11.8
| Feb record low C = 12.5
| Mar record low C = 16.0
| Apr record low C = 19.5
| May record low C = 19.8
| Jun record low C = 19.0
| Jul record low C = 18.5
| Aug record low C = 18.0
| Sep record low C = 18.5
| Oct record low C = 17.0
| Nov record low C = 13.7
| Dec record low C = 12.6

| precipitation colour  = green
| Jan precipitation mm  = 11.1
| Feb precipitation mm  = 43.3
| Mar precipitation mm  = 98.3
| Apr precipitation mm  = 117.6
| May precipitation mm  = 151.7
| Jun precipitation mm  = 160.8
| Jul precipitation mm  = 196.8
| Aug precipitation mm  = 218.3
| Sep precipitation mm  = 175.7
| Oct precipitation mm  = 198.4
| Nov precipitation mm  = 68.5
| Dec precipitation mm  = 18.0
| year precipitation mm = 1458.4

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days  = 1
| Feb precipitation days  = 3
| Mar precipitation days  = 7
| Apr precipitation days  = 8
| May precipitation days  = 9
| Jun precipitation days  = 10
| Jul precipitation days  = 12
| Aug precipitation days  = 12
| Sep precipitation days  = 11
| Oct precipitation days  = 12
| Nov precipitation days  = 7
| Dec precipitation days  = 2
| year precipitation days = 94

| daily         =  Y
| Jan humidity  = 62.8
| Feb humidity  = 62.1
| Mar humidity  = 67.9
| Apr humidity  = 73.3
| May humidity  = 76.2
| Jun humidity  = 78.2
| Jul humidity  = 80.0
| Aug humidity  = 79.8
| Sep humidity  = 78.3
| Oct humidity  = 78.5
| Nov humidity  = 74.7
| Dec humidity  = 68.4
| year humidity =

| Jan sun  = 221
| Feb sun  = 208
| Mar sun  = 207
| Apr sun  = 195
| May sun  = 191
| Jun sun  = 184
| Jul sun  = 162
| Aug sun  = 160
| Sep sun  = 161
| Oct sun  = 167
| Nov sun  = 198
| Dec sun  = 237
| year sun =

| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212530/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/CentralAfricanRepublic/CSV/Bangui_64650.csv
| archive-date = 25 September 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/CentralAfricanRepublic/CSV/Bangui_64650.csv
| title = Bangui Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 25 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=global-summary-of-the-day&stations=64650099999&startDate=1700-01-01&endDate=2023-12-31&dataTypes=MAX,MIN,PRCP
| title = Global Surface Summary of the Day - GSOD
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = January 26, 2023
}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|1950|42,000
|1951|47,000
|1960|94,000
|1970|204,000
|1975|279,800
|1988|427,435
|1994|524,000
|2001|652,000
|2020|889,000
|2021|910,000
|2022|933,000
}}After the Central African Republic attained independence in 1960, developmental activities began, and the urbanization of Bangui ensued. This is evidenced by the population growth from 279,800 in 1975 to 427,435 in 1988<ref name="CP"/> to 524,000 by 1994,<ref name="Merriam-Webster's collegiate encyclopedia">{{cite book|title=Merriam-Webster's collegiate encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V2d12iZkgOwC&pg=PA138|year=2000|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-017-4|page=138}}</ref> and to 652,000 in 2001.{{Sfn|Eyoh|Zeleza|2002|p=45}} Apart from the ethnic people of the country, the city is also home for a minority group of Greek, Portuguese and Yemeni traders, and also has a small community of [[French people]]. The Bangui resident community includes diamond traders from western Africa and Chad, traders from many African countries, and refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria.<ref name=Republic/>

The official languages of the country are [[French language|French]] and [[Sango language|Sango]]; the latter (originally a language from the Ubangi River region) is spoken by 90% of the population. Some of the other languages spoken are [[Gbaya people|Baya]] (Gbaya), [[Banda languages|Banda]], [[Ngbaka languages|Ngbaka]], [[Sara languages|Sara]], [[Mbum language|Mbum]], [[Kare language (Adamawa)|Kare]], and [[Mandjia]]. Sango was simplified by Christian missionaries and is widely used to this day.<ref name=Republic/>

== Economy ==
[[File:Trading methods in Bangui Market.jpg|thumb|right|Local traders]]
Bangui serves as an administrative, trade, and commercial centre. During the Second World War the country became wealthier as exports of rubber, cotton, coffee, uranium and diamonds increased.{{Sfn|Eyoh|Zeleza|2002|p=45}} After the war, the employment of local people in mainstream administration led to the development of the country's infrastructure, which increased trade while slowing the national movement for independence.{{Sfn|Eyoh|Zeleza|2002|p=45}}

During David Dacko's presidency from 1960 to 1966, there was a significant increase in the production of [[diamond]]s.{{sfn|Law|2011|p=7}} This occurred when the monopoly of the French concessionary companies was ended with a law allowing local citizens to dig for diamonds. After Dacko set up a [[diamond cutting]] factory at Bangui, diamonds became the country's leading export. But by the end of his five-year tenure, rampant corruption and financial indiscipline had resulted in workers being left unpaid and civil unrest ensued. Bokassa then seized power in a military coup in 1966.{{sfn|Law|2011|p=7}}
Concurrently, Bangui also became the key centre for social and cultural activity in the region, when new institutions were established in the city. However, political turmoil in the country, rampant corruption, and the dictatorial rule of President Bokassa centred in the city, brought in economic recession in the 1970s exacerbated by a fall in international prices for its major exports. This caused impoverishment of the people and severe conflict, further compounded by refugees migrating from troubled neighbouring countries.{{Sfn|Eyoh|Zeleza|2002|p=45}}

Bangui received its first bank in 1946 when a branch of the Paris-based [[Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale]] was established there. Arab sellers dominated the city, and it was historically an important centre for [[ivory]] trading.<ref name="Information1980">{{cite book|title=New Scientist|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_80VdP6yOSOoC|access-date=30 March 2013|date=3 July 1980|publisher=Reed Business Information|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_80VdP6yOSOoC/page/n34 33]|issn=0262-4079}}</ref> Bangui manufactures include [[textiles]], food products, beer, [[shoes]], and [[soap]].{{Sfn|Eyoh|Zeleza|2002|p=45}} The main exports are [[cotton]], [[rubber]], [[timber]], [[coffee]], and [[sisal]].{{Sfn|Eyoh|Zeleza|2002|p=45}} Because of the ongoing strife, unemployment hovered near 23% in the city {{As of|2001|lc=on}}. [[Ngaragba Central Prison]], the national prison for men, is located in Bangui. {{As of|2007}}, it had 476 inmates; prison conditions are reported to be poor.{{Sfn|Egyesült|2007|p=87}}

==Landmarks==
[[File:OBangui Hotel.jpg|thumb|right|Oubangui Hotel]]
The old town of Bangui has retained its colonial town planning, with wide boulevards leading towards a central market square.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/places-visit-central-african-republic-59674.html|title=Places to Visit in the Central African Republic|access-date=30 March 2013|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> Attractions in Bangui include [[Boganda Museum]], Bangui Zoo,<ref name=Art>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102152/Central-African-Republic/214025/The-arts-and-cultural-institutions|title= Central African Republic|encyclopedia= The arts and cultural institutions|access-date=30 March 2013|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> and the [[Presidential Palace (Bangui)|Presidential Palace]], formerly the Bokassa Palace.{{Sfn|Ham|2010|p=544}} Notre-Dame Cathedral is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangui]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/africa/1947.htm|title= Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception|access-date=24 July 2013|publisher=GCatholic Organization}}</ref> Boganda Museum (''Musée de Boganda'') has displays of traditional musical instruments, weapons, rural architectural features, ancient hunting tools, pottery, and also many religious antiques. It has a collection of bark cloth, the material used to cover Bokassa's bed.{{Sfn|Ham|2010|p=544}}

There are several hotels up to international standards. The [[Ledger Plaza Hotel Bangui|Ledger Plaza Bangui]] on the outskirts has an outdoor swimming pool, tennis court, and comfortable amenities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laicohotels.com/en/hotel/central-african-republic/bangui/ledger-plaza-bangui.html|title=Ledger Plaza Bangui|publisher=Laico Hotels|access-date=1 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328070616/http://www.laicohotels.com/en/hotel/central-african-republic/bangui/ledger-plaza-bangui.html|archive-date=28 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The National Hotel was established in 1970 with 30 rooms. Also of note are the Golf Palace Hotel, the Hotel du Centre with 72 rooms, JM Residence, the Oubangui Hotel, established in 1985, and Hotel Somba with 23 rooms.{{sfn|Benavides|Pérez-Ducy|2002|p=87}}

== Culture ==
===Customs===
[[Polygamy]] is an accepted practice among men.

When someone dies in Bangui a representative from his or her village attends the funeral. "This person is charged with indicating to the deceased the way back home so that the deceased may avenge himself and herself and demonstrate the power of the family".{{Sfn|Woodfork|2006|p=145}} The representative who attends the funeral also carries a little dust from the grave to the village, and gives it to the village's [[medicine man]] so that he can ascertain the reasons for his death.{{Sfn|Woodfork|2006|p=145}}

Most of the holidays in Bangui are festivals related to the Christian and Muslim faiths and are the same as those observed in other parts of the world. National holidays include Independence Day and the birthdays of Boganda and several other national heroes.{{Sfn|Woodfork|2006|p=145}}

=== Cuisine ===
[[File:The Bangui City.jpg|thumb|A French boulangerie in Bangui.]]
The cuisine of CAR is referred to as [[Centrafrican cuisine|Centrafrican]] and the staple [[Cuisine|diet]] in Bangui includes [[cassava]], [[rice]], [[squash (plant)|squash]], [[pumpkin]]s and [[Plantain (cooking)|plantain]]s served with a [[sauce]] and [[Grilling|grilled meat]]. [[Okra]] or ''gombo'' is a popular vegetable. [[Peanut]]s and [[peanut butter]] are widely used. [[Game (food)|Game]] is popular, as are the [[fish]]-based dishes ''maboké'' and ''soussou''. [[Manioc#Africa|Manioc flour]] is used for preparing [[fufu]].<ref name="International1959">{{cite book|author=Postal, Telegraph and Telephone Workers' International|title=PTTI Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVtZAAAAYAAJ|year=1959}}</ref>

[[Alcoholic beverage]]s served are locally [[Brewing|brewed]] beer, [[palm wine]] and [[banana wine]]. [[Non-alcoholic beverage]]s include [[ginger beer]].<ref name=health>{{cite encyclopedia|url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102152/Central-African-Republic/40696/Health-and-welfare|title= Central African Republic|encyclopedia= Health and welfare|access-date=31 March 2013|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>

===Art===
Bangui's artisans' market has traditional wares representing the art products from different regions of the country. Handicrafts include woven mats and baskets, wooden utensils of simple design, carved stools, pottery, musical instruments, tanned skins, and wood products.<ref name=Art/> The [[balafon]], similar to a [[xylophone]], is made out of the horns of animals. Innovative designs include butterfly wings stuck with gum on paper, and [[ebony]] and hardwood carvings of wood from the tropical region. Artwork also covers carved animals and human figures.<ref name=Art/> The crafts center in Bangui provides training to about 100 students in artistic crafting in [[leather]], [[ivory]] and ebony wares.<ref name="International1959"/>

===Music===
[[File:Balafoon.jpg|right|thumb|The [[balafon]].]]
Bangui has a rich music tradition and showcases the country's music. Its musicians also perform in many countries abroad. The Bangui band groups were influenced by [[Zokela]] in the 1980s.<ref name=Art/> The innovative music is based on dance bands who have adopted the Congolese music with electronic support. The music is rhythmic and blends with the Congolese rumba ([[soukous]]), which was influenced by [[son cubano]], [[Cha-cha-cha (music)|cha-cha-cha]], and [[merengue music|merengue]]. Popular Central African music groups or dance bands who perform in the city are Musiki, Zokela, Makembe, Cool Stars, Cannon Stars, and Super Stars.<ref name=Art/> Bokassa, during his tenure as president, established a music recording studio in Bangui and employed musicians to sing his praise with songs extolling his qualities as an emperor and to develop his cult image among his people.{{Sfn|Doeden2009|pp=16,26-28}}

===Sports===
[[File:The Race.jpg|thumb|right|The boat race on the Ubangi River in Bangui.]]
The most popular sport is basketball. Bangui hosted the [[FIBA Africa Championship 1974]], where the [[Central African Republic's national basketball team]] won one of its two continental titles. 
[[Football (soccer)]] is also popular. Both men and women from Bangui and throughout the country have participated in the [[Olympic Games]] since 1968 as well as in many international events.<ref name=Art/> The locals also organize boat races with hundreds of participants on the Ubangi River, which is a significant attraction.

==Education==
[[File:People at the Bangui Local School.jpg|thumb|left|People at a Bangui local school.]]
The French system of education is the norm and French is the language of teaching, although the Sango language is promoted in schools. A substantial percentage of the population is literate. Schooling is compulsory for children ages 6 to 14.<ref name="scho_Cent">{{Cite web |title=Central African Republic Education System |author= |work=scholaro.com |date= |access-date=25 June 2021 |url= https://www.scholaro.com/pro/Countries/Central-African-Republic/Education-System}}</ref>

Bangui is home to the [[University of Bangui]], founded in 1969 by President [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]] who named it after himself; it started functioning in 1970.<ref name=health/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.univ-bangui.net/|title= University of Bangui|publisher=University of Bangui Official Site|access-date=30 March 2013}}</ref>{{Sfn|Titley|1997|p=69}} A public institution, the university provides non-agricultural education in the Central African Republic. Since 1981, the University Library has been in a separate building that houses its science, literature, and law collections.{{Sfn|Wedeworth|1993|p=186}} The medical school of the university has its own library.{{Sfn|Wedeworth|1993|p=186}}

The other educational institutions are the National School of Arts and the Central School of Agriculture, in addition to many religious and technical schools.<ref name=health/>

A school in the eastern part of the city, [[Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle (Central African Republic)|Lycée Charles de Gaulle]], was established by the French and is named after [[President of France]] [[Charles de Gaulle]]. Several notable Africans, including writers such as [[Calixthe Beyala]], have studied in the city. Beyala studied at the [[Lycée des Rapides]].{{Sfn|Parekh|Jagne|1998|p=76}}

== Places of worship ==
Among the [[places of worship]], they are predominantly [[Christianity|Christian]] churches and temples: [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangui]] ([[Catholic Church]]), [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Central African Republic]] ([[Lutheran World Federation]]), [[Evangelical Baptist Church of the Central African Republic]] ([[Baptist World Alliance]]).<ref>J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ''Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 531-532</ref> There are also [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques.

== Transport ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Central African Republic - Trucks in Bangui.jpg
| width1 = 150
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| caption1 = 
| image2 = Bangui airport 1.jpg
| width2 = 175
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = 
| footer = (''left'') Transportation trucks in Bangui; (''right'') Bangui airport
}}
Bangui is the transport hub of the Central African Republic. As of 1999, eight roads connected the city to other main towns in the country, Cameroon, Chad and [[South Sudan]]; of these, only the toll roads are paved. During the rainy season from March to November, some roads are impassable.{{Sfn|Eur|2003|pp=200{{ndash}}202}}{{Sfn|Booth|McDuell|McDuell|Sears|1999|p=57}} The road network in the city emanates from the Palace de la Republique.{{Sfn|Ham|2010|p=547}}

River [[ferry|ferries]] sail from the [[river port]] at Bangui to Brazzaville and [[Zongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Zongo]]. The river can be navigated most of the year between Bangui and Brazzaville. From Brazzaville, goods are transported by rail to [[Pointe-Noire]], Congo's Atlantic port.<ref name=Finanace>{{cite encyclopedia|url= https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/102152/Central-African-Republic/40691/Finance-and-trade
|title= Central African Republic|encyclopedia= Finance and trade|access-date=31 March 2013|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> The river port handles the overwhelming majority of the country's international trade and has a cargo handling capacity of 350,000 tons; it has {{Convert|350|m}} length of [[wharfs]] and {{Convert|24000|m2}} of warehousing space.{{Sfn|Eur|2003|p=p200-202}}

The first airstrip in Bangui was built between 1920 and 1925. [[Bangui M'Poko International Airport]] is located on {{Convert|600|ha}} of deforested land {{Convert|7|km|mi|frac=2}} off the Avenue of Martyrs to the north of the old town, between the Koudoukou Avenue and the University of Bangui.{{Sfn|Runge|2007|p=279}}

==Healthcare==
A general hospital is located in the eastern side of the city. Modern healthcare facilities exist in Bangui (unlike the rest of the country) but are poor, providing only minimal care. Wealthier citizens make use of private clinics.<ref name=health/> The prevalence of [[HIV]] in Bangui is twice the national average. In late 2019, [[Médecins Sans Frontières|MSF]] started providing free medical care to HIV patients in the city; in the first year of the project, 1851 patients were admitted for HIV treatment, 558 of whom were newly diagnosed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.msf.org/hiv-state-silent-crisis-car |title=HIV is in a state of silent crisis in Central African Republic |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=30 November 2020 |website=[[Médecins Sans Frontières]] |access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref> The risk of catching [[malaria]] in Bangui and [[African Pygmies|pygmy]] camps is also much higher than in the rest of the country.{{Sfn|Mouchet|Carnevale|Manguin|2008|p=117}}

A conference of public health officials including representatives of the [[Centers for Disease Control]] and the [[World Health Organization]] was held in Bangui in October 1985. The conference evolved a diagnostic definition of AIDS which came to be known as the [[1985 World Health Organization AIDS surveillance case definition|Bangui definition]] for AIDS.<ref name="CP"/>{{Sfn|Jenkins|2009|p=4}} The conference defined symptoms of AIDS in Africa as "prolonged fever for a month or more, weight loss of over 10% and prolonged diarrhea".{{Sfn|Holmberg|2008|p=50}} The Bangui definition proved problematic as immune suppression can also be caused by [[malnutrition]].{{Sfn|Jenkins|2009|p=4}}

==Media==
Several [[Periodical literature|periodicals]] and three daily [[newspaper]]s are published in Bangui: ''E le Songo'', the country's first newspaper, began publication in 1982. The other main newspapers are ''Le Novateur'', ''Le Citoyen'' and ''L'Echo de Centrafrique''.<ref name=Art/> Most of the country's institutions have offices in Bangui, including French ones such as [[Électricité de France]] (EDF).{{Sfn|Eur|2003|p=200-202}}{{Sfn|Riley|Riley|2005|p=44}}

Radio stations operating in Bangui include ''[[Radio Centrafrique]]'', Radio Nehemie, Radio Notre-Dame, Radio Voix de la paix, Radio Ndeke Luka, RFI, Radio Voik de la grace, Radio Linga FM, Africa no.1, and Tropic FM.{{sfn|Benavides|Pérez-Ducy|2002|p=82}} [[BBC World Service]] is the only English broadcasting station that is heard in the city on 90.2 FM, as all other local channels broadcast in either French and/or Sango. For reliable news, the UN runs channel Radio Ndeke Luka is on 100.8 FM.{{Sfn|Ham|2010|p=547}}

== Notable people ==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> 
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> 
* [[Élie Doté]], politician and prime minister<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pO7xAAAAMAAJ |title=Jeune Afrique L'intelligent, Issues 2307-2320 |publisher=Groupe Jeune Afrique |year=2005 |page=17}}</ref>
* [[Eloge Enza Yamissi]], football player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central African Republic - E. Enza-Yamissi - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway |author= |work=int.soccerway.com |date= |access-date=25 June 2021 |url= https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/37884/}}</ref>
* [[Manassé Enza-Yamissi]], football player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central African Republic - M. Enza-Yamissi - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway |author= |work=int.soccerway.com |date= |access-date=25 June 2021 |url= https://int.soccerway.com/players/manasse-enza-yamissi/66084/}}</ref>
* [[André Kolingba]], president<ref>{{cite book |page=139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfecAAAAQBAJ |title=Britannica Book of the Year 2011 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc |year=2011 |isbn=9781615355006}}</ref>
* [[Anicet Lavodrama]], basketball player<ref name="live_Anic">{{Cite web |title=Anicet Lavodrama – Sports Africa Live |author= |work=live.sportsafrica.org |date= |access-date=25 June 2021 |url= https://live.sportsafrica.org/index.php/anicet-lavodrama/}}</ref>
* [[Joachim N'Dayen]], archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangui<ref name="cath_Arch">{{Cite web |title=Archbishop Joachim N'Dayen [Catholic-Hierarchy] |last=Cheney |first=David M. |work=catholic-hierarchy.org |date= |access-date=25 June 2021 |url= http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bndayen.html}}</ref>
* [[Nathalie Tauziat]], French tennis player<ref name="inde_Tauz">{{Cite web |title=Tauziat reclaims the tricolore from Pierce |last=Haylett |first=Trevor |work=The Independent |date=28 June 1995 |access-date=25 June 2021 |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tauziat-reclaims-the-tricolore-from-pierce-1588963.html}}</ref>
* [[Romain Sato]], basketball player<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/nba/player/_/id/2443 |work=[[ESPN]] |title=Romain Sato}}</ref>

==Twin towns/Sister cities==
[[Bangui]] is twinned with:

[[Dodoma]], [[Tanzania]]

[[Linz]], [[Austria]]

==See also==
*[[Jojo (chimpanzee)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{See also|Timeline of Bangui#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Bangui}}
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* {{cite book|last=Kalck|first=Pierre|title=Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic: Third Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbDFlvQeps0C&pg=PA29|year=2005|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4913-6|pages=29}}
* {{cite book|last=Law|first=Diane |title=The Secret History of the Great Dictators: Idi Amin and Emperor Bokassa I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5RewauwX9oC&pg=PP7|date=18 August 2011|publisher=Constable & Robinson Limited|isbn=978-1-78033-337-3}}
* {{cite book|last=McKenna|first=Amy|title=The History of Central and Eastern Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rB8ED4qApyYC&pg=PA37|year=2011|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-61530-396-0}}
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* {{cite book|last= Publications |first=Europa |title=Africa and South of the Sahara 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC&pg=PA21|year=2003|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-85743-183-4}}
* {{cite book|last1=Riley|first1=Laura|last2=Riley|first2=William|title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Greatest Wildlife Reserves|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icMuBQhW4vgC&pg=PA44|year=2005|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}
* {{cite book|last= Runge |first=J. |title=Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems in Central Africa. During the Holocene: Past – Present – Future: Palaeoecology of Africa, An International Yearbook of Landscape Evolution and Palaeoenvironments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78z4aK6B4uoC&pg=PA279|date=1 December 2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis US|isbn=978-0-203-93042-7}}
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* {{cite book|last=Titley|first=Brian|title=Dark Age: The Political Odyssey of Emperor Bokassa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEPbRmivj7IC&pg=PA69|date=25 March 1997|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-7046-7}}
* {{cite book|last1=Villalón|first1=Leonardo A.|last2=VonDoepp|first2=Peter|title=The Fate of Africa's Democratic Experiments: Elites and Institutions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVs7JQPoGukC&pg=PA146|date=1 September 2005|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-00311-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Wedeworth|first=Robert|title=World Encyclopedia of library and information services|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSFu99FCJwQC&pg=PA186|year=1993|publisher=American Library Association|isbn=978-0-8389-0609-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Woodfork|first=Jacqueline Cassandra|title=Culture And Customs of the Central African Republic|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7SEWjJ0_w2oC&pg=PA145|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33203-6}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last=Dharwadker|first=Aparna Bhargava|title=Theatres of Independence: Drama, Theory, and Urban Performance in India Since 1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mLQaz-12Eo8C&pg=PA376|date=1 November 2009|publisher=University of Iowa Press|isbn=978-1-58729-642-0|ref=none}}
*{{cite book|last=Raffaele|first=Paul|title=Among the Cannibals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4x4IJl94_gAC&pg=PA179|date=6 October 2009|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-198327-6|ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last=Yapp|first=Peter|title=The Traveller's Dictionary of Quotations: Who Said What, about Where|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXsOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA74|year=1983|publisher=Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-415-02760-1|ref=none}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bangui}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Bangui}}
*{{Wiktionary-inline|Bangui}}
{{Bangui}}
{{Administrative divisions of the Central African Republic}}
{{List of African capitals}}
{{Sub-prefectures of the Central African Republic}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bangui| ]]
[[Category:Capitals in Africa]]
[[Category:Central African Republic–Democratic Republic of the Congo border crossings]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1889]]
[[Category:Prefectures of the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Sub-prefectures of the Central African Republic]]
[[Category:Ubangi River]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in Africa]]