Editing Baldwin, Michigan

{{For|the townships in Michigan|Baldwin Township, Michigan (disambiguation){{!}}Baldwin Township, Michigan}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Baldwin, Michigan
|official_name            = Village of Baldwin
|settlement_type          = [[Village (United States)|Village]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Lake County Courthouse-Michigan.jpg
|imagesize                = 275
|image_caption            = Lake County Courthouse
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = Village of Baldwin, Michigan.png

<!-- Maps -->
|pushpin_map            =Michigan#USA
|pushpin_label_position =right<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_label          =Baldwin
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location within the state of Michigan##Location within the United States
|pushpin_mapsize        =
|image_map                = Baldwin, MI location.png
|mapsize                  = 250
|map_caption              = Location within [[Lake County, Michigan|Lake County]]
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Michigan]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Michigan|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Lake County, Michigan|Lake]]
|subdivision_type3        = [[Civil township|Townships]]
|subdivision_name3        = [[Pleasant Plains Township, Michigan|Pleasant Plains]] and [[Webber Township, Michigan|Webber]]

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         =

<!-- Area -->
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_26.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 21, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 3.28
|area_land_km2            = 3.28
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.27
|area_land_sq_mi          = 1.26
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 902
|population_density_km2   = 275.29
|population_density_sq_mi = 713.04

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 261
|elevation_ft             = 856
|coordinates              = {{coord|43|53|50|N|85|51|11|W|type:city_region:US-MI_source:GNIS|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code|ZIP code(s)]]
|postal_code              = 49304
|area_code                = [[Area code 231|231]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 26-04940<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2398022<ref>{{GNIS|2398022}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://villageofbaldwin.org/|Official website}}
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}

'''Baldwin''' is a village in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]].  The population was 863 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].  It is the [[county seat]] of [[Lake County, Michigan|Lake County]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>  The village is located on the boundary between [[Webber Township, Michigan|Webber Township]] on the north and [[Pleasant Plains Township, Michigan|Pleasant Plains Township]] on the south, with the larger portion lying in Pleasant Plains.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the village has a total area of {{convert|1.26|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=November 25, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220065340/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=February 20, 2011 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 165
|1890= 429
|1900= 343
|1910= 502
|1920= 471
|1930= 518
|1940= 612
|1950= 835
|1960= 835
|1970= 612
|1980= 674
|1990= 821
|2000= 1107
|2010= 1208
|2020= 863
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=November 25, 2012}}</ref> of 2010, there were 1,208 people, 404 households, and 190 families residing in the village. The [[population density]] was {{convert|958.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 478 housing units at an average density of {{convert|379.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the village was 62.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 29.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.9% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.1% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 6.5% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.1% of the population.

There were 404 households, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.0% were non-families. 49.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the village was 36.8 years. 20.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.5% were from 25 to 44; 23% were from 45 to 64; and 15.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 53.3% male and 46.7% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2"/> of 2000, there were 1,107 people, 397 households, and 183 families residing in the village.  The population density was {{convert|873.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 479 housing units at an average density of {{convert|377.8|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the village was 59.62% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 34.33% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.36% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.45% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.25% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.71% of the population.

There were 397 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.9% were non-families. 49.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 27.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.3 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $15,550, and the median income for a family was $22,857. Males had a median income of $26,042 versus $21,364 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $9,619.  About 32.0% of families and 35.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 44.7% of those under age 18 and 21.1% of those age 65 or over.

==Major highways==
*{{jct|state=MI|US|10}}
*{{jct|state=MI|M|37}}

==Services==
Baldwin is served by the [[Baldwin Community Schools]] school district, including [[Baldwin High School (Michigan)|Baldwin High School]].  A "Baldwin Promise" promises funding for college education in Michigan of all Baldwin High School graduates.

==Attractions==
[[Image:Pere Marquette River in Autumn Manistee National Forest.JPG|thumb|300px|Tourists [[canoeing]] on the [[Pere Marquette River]] in the Manistee National Forest.]]

Baldwin is primarily a tourist town. As such, much of its economy is based around the summer months. [[Lake County, Michigan|Lake County]] sports many lakes and rivers, as well as the vast wilderness of the [[Huron-Manistee National Forests|Manistee National Forest]]. Many come to Baldwin on vacation to camp, canoe, fish, or hunt.

The [[Shrine of the Pines]] is a noted tourist attraction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.michigan.org/travel/detail.asp?m=2;12&p=B7190 |title=Shrine of the Pines |access-date=January 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222154037/http://www.michigan.org/travel/detail.asp?m=2;12&p=B7190 |archive-date=February 22, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
The nearby [[Pere Marquette River]] is one of America's [[Blue Ribbon fisheries]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trailstotrout.com/blueribbon.html|title=Michigan's Blue Ribbon Trout Streams|work=trailstotrout.com}}</ref> and sportfishing is a major contributor to the local economy.

The nearby Baldwin River, a tributary of the Pere Marquette River, is the site of the first planting of German [[Brown Trout]] in the United States on April 11, 1884.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/species/fish/brown-trout.html |title=Michigan Sea Grant > Fisheries |accessdate=February 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607112802/http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/species/fish/brown-trout.html |archivedate=June 7, 2010 }}</ref>

Baldwin is home of the world's largest trout statue. Located downtown Baldwin, the trout stands 25 feet tall. The village and Lake County take pride in this structure. 
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/world-s-largest-brown-trout-sculpture|title=World's Largest Brown Trout Sculpture|website=Atlas Obscura}}</ref>

==Private prison==
The [[North Lake Correctional Facility]] is a private, for-profit, maximum security prison that was constructed in the late 1990s in Baldwin by the Wackenhut Corrections Co. (now the [[GEO Group]]). The prison was originally built to house Michigan's youth offenders, but the state withdrew its charges from the facility. The GEO group expanded the prison from 500 to 1,700 beds; by 2005 it was vacant. For a brief time it housed some inmates from California in 2011 but was soon closed again.<ref name="digger"/>

In June 2015, GEO Group contracted for two years with the state of Vermont to house 280 high-security inmates convicted of crimes in the state of Vermont in the North Lake Correctional Facility. It was far from home; many had previously been housed in private prison facilities in Kentucky and Arizona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vtdigger.org/2015/06/30/vermonts-out-of-state-inmates-arrive-at-michigan-prison/|title=Vermont's out-of-state inmates arrive at Michigan prison|date=June 30, 2015|website=VTDigger}}</ref>

This contract was facilitated by the state legislature enacting a bill to support the private prison, specifically to authorize incarceration of high-security inmates at this facility. Lake Country Republican Rep. [[Jon Bumstead]] had sponsored a bill in the Michigan Legislature to raise the security rating of the North Lake facility to Michigan's highest in order to accomplish this.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(mbghk4cuyracmfgc51ds2ccx))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=2015-HB-4467|title=Michigan Legislature - House Bill 4467 (2015)|website=www.legislature.mi.gov}}</ref> The Michigan Senate voted 23–14 to remove the former restrictive provision, making it legal for the GEO Group to house out-of-state prisoners of all security classifications in Baldwin.<ref name="digger"/>

As Lake County has high poverty and unemployment rates, legislators thought the expanded prison could provide some jobs to local residents. County Commissioner Dan Sloan stated that as many as 150 jobs would result from the transfer of out-of-state prisoners to the facility.<ref name="digger">[http://vtdigger.org/2015/05/29/michigan-adjusts-law-to-accept-vermont-inmates/], ''Vermont Digger,'' May 29, 2015</ref> In December 2016 GEO Group told Vermont that it would not renew its contract with the state in June 2017; some 256 long-term prisoners from Vermont are being held at this prison.<ref>[http://www.vnews.com/vtprisonersto-leave-michigan-for-profit-prison-7150554 Elizabeth Hewitt, "Vt. Prisoners to Leave Private Michigan Prison"], ''Vermont Valley News,'' December 29, 2016; accessed February 24, 2017</ref>

In May 2019, GEO announced that it obtained a contract with the Federal Bureau of Prisons to house illegal immigrants that were convicted of crimes while illegally in the US. On October 1, 2019, the prison officially started to accept these prisoners.<ref>[https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2019/05/private-prison-to-reopen-to-house-non-us-citizen-criminals.html Private prison to reopen to house 'non-U.S. citizen criminals', MLive, May 02, 2019]</ref> It was again closed in September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shorelinemedia.net/ludington_daily_news/news/local/huizenga-moolenaar-seek-to-convert-closing-north-lake-correctional-facility-into-detention-center/article_44bbea9a-5dc5-5369-8625-234c8ceeb979.html|title=Huizenga, Moolenaar seek to convert closing North Lake Correctional Facility into detention center|date=June 15, 2022}}</ref>

==Notable person==

* [[Robert F. Williams]], African-American activist, lived here

== References == 
{{reflist|2}}

{{Portal|Michigan}}

{{Lake County, Michigan}}
{{Michigan county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Lake County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Villages in Michigan]]
[[Category:County seats in Michigan]]