Editing Baden-Baden

{{short description|Spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany}}
{{other uses|Baden Baden (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox German place
|type = Town
|image_coa = DEU Baden-Baden COA crowned.svg
|image_flag=DEU Baden-Baden Flag.svg|coordinates = {{coord|48|45|46|N|08|14|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_photo = Baden-Baden 10-2015 img05 View from Merkur.jpg
|image_caption=View of Baden-Baden from [[Merkur (Baden-Baden)|Mount Merkur]]
|image_plan =
|state = Baden-Württemberg
|region = Karlsruhe
|district = urban
|elevation = 181
|area = 140.18
|postal_code = 76530–76534
|area_code = 07221, 07223
|licence = BAD
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 2 11 000
|website = [https://www.baden-baden.de/ baden-baden.de]
|mayor = Dietmar Späth<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/oberbuergermeisterwahl-baden-baden-2022/ Oberbürgermeisterwahl Baden-Baden 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref>
|leader_term       = 2022&ndash;30
|Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor
|party = 
| footnotes = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
   | child = yes
   | WHS = Baden-Baden
   | Part_of = [[The Great Spa Towns of Europe]]
   | Criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iii)}}(ii)(iii)
   | ID = 1613
   | Year = 2021
   }}
}}
'''Baden-Baden''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbaːdn̩ ˈbaːdn̩|-|De-Baden-Baden.ogg}}) is a [[spa town]] in the [[states of Germany|state]] of [[Baden-Württemberg]], south-western [[Germany]], at the north-western border of the [[Black Forest]] mountain range on the small river [[Oos (river)|Oos]], ten kilometres (six miles) east of the [[Rhine]], the border with [[France]], and forty kilometres (twenty-five miles) north-east of [[Strasbourg, France]].

In 2021, the town became part of the transnational [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] under the name "[[Great Spa Towns of Europe]]", because of its famous spas and architecture that exemplifies the popularity of spa towns in Europe in the 18th through 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dpa-international.com/topic/great-spas-europe-awarded-unesco-world-heritage-status-urn%3Anewsml%3Adpa.com%3A20090101%3A210724-99-511232|title='Great Spas of Europe' awarded UNESCO World Heritage status|first=Andreas|last=Landwehr|work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur|date=24 July 2021|access-date=25 July 2021|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725045739/https://www.dpa-international.com/topic/great-spas-europe-awarded-unesco-world-heritage-status-urn%3Anewsml%3Adpa.com%3A20090101%3A210724-99-511232|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{anchor|Etymology}}

==Name==
The springs at Baden-Baden were known to the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] as '''{{lang|la|Aquae}}''' ("The Waters")<ref name="Erfurt-CooperCooper2009">{{cite book|author1= Patricia Erfurt-Cooper|author2= Malcolm Cooper|title=Health and Wellness Tourism: Spas and Hot Springs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GHUmpHFaHtUC&pg=PA67|year= 2009|publisher=Channel View Publications|isbn=978-1-84541-111-4|pages=67}}</ref> and '''{{lang|la|Aurelia Aquensis}}''' ("[[Aurelia (name)|Aurelia]]-of-the-Waters") after [[M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=227}}

In [[modern German]], ''{{lang|de|{{linktext|Baden}}}}'' is a [[noun]] meaning "bathing"<ref>{{citation |editor-last=Messinger |editor-first=Heinz |editor2-last=Türck |editor2-first=Gisela |editor3-last=Willmann |editor3-first= Helmut |title=Langenscheidt's Compact Dictionary: German |contribution=bath·ing |contribution-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3jfMpgl_Ph0C&pg=PA767 |date=1993 }}</ref> but '''Baden''', the original name of the town, derives from an earlier [[plural| plural form]] of ''{{lang|de|{{linktext|Bad}}}}'' ([[Bathing|"bath"]]).<ref name=char>{{citation |last=Charnock |first=Richard Stephen |author-mask=Charnock |contribution= Baden |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2BulY4WvsYC&pg=PA23 |page=23 |title=Local Etymology |year=1859 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2BulY4WvsYC }}</ref> (Modern German uses the plural form ''{{lang|de|{{linktext|Bäder}}}}''.)<ref>{{citation |editor-last=Messinger |editor-first= Heinz |editor2-last= Türck |editor2-first=Gisela |editor3-last=Willmann |editor3-first=Helmut |title=Langenscheidt's Compact Dictionary: German |contribution=Bad |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3jfMpgl_Ph0C&pg=PA83 |date=1993 }}</ref> As with the [[English language|English]] [[English placenames|placename]] [[Bath, Somerset|"Bath"]], other Badens are at [[hot springs]] throughout [[Central Europe]]. The current [[Contrastive focus reduplication|doubled name arose to distinguish it]] from the others,<ref name=char/> particularly [[Baden, Austria|Baden near Vienna]] in [[Austria]] and [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden near Zürich]] in [[Switzerland]]. The original [[Margraviate of Baden]] (1112-1535) split into several territories, including Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach. The name "Baden-Baden" distinguished the  [[Margraviate of Baden-Baden]] (1535–1771), from the  [[Margraviate of Baden-Durlach]]. "Baden-Baden" thus means the town of Baden in the territory of Baden, whereas the name of the Margraviate of Baden-Baden meant "the Margraviate of Baden with its princely seat at Baden". Baden-Baden formally got its current name in 1931.<ref>
{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |editor= Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg |title= Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Amtliche Beschreibung nach Kreisen und Gemeinden. V. Regierungsbezirk Karlsruhe. |trans-title=The State of Baden-Württemberg. Official description of administrative districts and municipalities. Volume 5 Karlsruhe administrative district |language=de |location=Stuttgart |publisher=Kohlhammer |page=12 |date=1976 |isbn=3-17-002542-2}}
</ref> <!-- The original [[Margraviate of Baden]] (1112-1535) split into several territories, including Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach.
 -->

==Geography==
Baden-Baden lies in a valley{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}} of the Northern [[Black Forest]] in southwestern [[Germany]].{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} The western districts lie within the [[Upper Rhine Plain]]. The highest mountain of Baden-Baden is the [[Badener Höhe]] ({{Höhe|1002.5|DE-NHN|link=true}}{{GeoQuelle|DE|BFN-Karten}}), which is part of the [[Black Forest National Park]]. The [[Altstadt|old town]] lies on the side of a hill on the right bank of the [[Oos (river)|Oos]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}} Since the 19th century, the principal resorts have been located on the other side of the river.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}} There are 29 natural springs in the area, varying in temperature from {{convert|46|to|67|C|0|sp=us|abbr=on}}.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}} The water is rich in [[sodium chloride|salt]] and flows from [[artesian aquifer|artesian wells]] {{convert|1800|m|ft|abbr=on|sp=us}} under Florentine Hill<ref name=Caracalla>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/baden-baden/A26357.html|title=Caracalla-Therme |work=[[Frommer's]]|access-date=2009-05-23}}</ref> at a rate of 341 litres (90 gallons) per minute and is conveyed through pipes to the town's baths.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}}

==History==
Roman settlement at Baden-Baden has been dated as far back as the [[Roman emperor|emperor]] [[Hadrian]], but on dubious authority.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=227}} The known ruins of the [[Thermae|Roman bath]] were rediscovered just below the [[New Castle (Baden-Baden)|New Castle]] in 1847{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=227}} and date to the reign of [[Caracalla]] (AD&nbsp;210s),{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} who visited the area to relieve his [[arthritis|arthritic aches]].<ref name=Intro>{{cite web |url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/baden-baden/0863010001.html |title=Introduction to Baden-Baden |work=[[Frommer's]] |access-date=15 May 2009 }}.</ref> The facilities were used by the Roman garrison in [[Strasbourg]].{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}}

The town fell into ruin but its church was first constructed in the 7th century.{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} By 1112, it was the seat of the [[Margraviate of Baden]].{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} The [[Lichtenthal Abbey|Lichtenthal Convent]] (''{{lang|de|Kloster Lichtenthal}}'') was founded in 1254.{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} The margraves initially used [[Hohenbaden Castle]] (the Old Castle, ''{{lang|de|Altes Schloss}}''), whose ruins still occupy the summit above the town, but they completed and moved to the [[New Castle (Baden-Baden)|New Castle]] (''{{lang|de|Neues Schloss}}'') in 1479.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=227}} The Margraviate was divided in 1535, with Baden-Baden becoming the capital of the [[Margraviate of Baden-Baden]], while the other portion became the [[Margraviate of Baden-Durlach]]. The [[Baden-Baden witch trials]], an investigating encompassing the entire territory and resulting in hundreds of verdicts, took place in 1627-1631.  Baden<!--sic--> suffered severely during the [[Thirty Years' War]], particularly at the hands of the [[Kingdom of France|French]], who plundered it in 1643.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=227}} They returned to occupy the city in 1688 at the onset of the [[Nine Years' War]], burning it to the ground the next year.{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} The [[margraviate of Baden|margravine]] Sibylla rebuilt the New Castle in 1697, but the [[margraviate of Baden|margrave]] [[Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden|Louis William]] removed his seat to [[Rastatt]] in 1706.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=227}} The [[Stiftskirche (Baden-Baden)|Stiftskirche]] was rebuilt in 1753{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} and houses the tombs of several of the margraves.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=227}}

The town began its recovery in the late 18th century, serving as a refuge for [[Émigré#The French revolution|émigrés]] from the [[French Revolution]].{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} The town was frequented during the [[Second Congress of Rastatt]] in 1797–99{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} and became popular after the visit of the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] queen in the early 19th century.{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} She came for medicinal reasons, as the waters were recommended for [[gout]], [[rheumatism]], [[paralysis]], [[neuralgia]], skin disorders, and stones.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} The [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Ducal government]] subsequently subsidized the resort's development.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=227}} The town became a meeting place for the nobility and prosperous upper middle classes, who visited the hot springs and the town's other amenities: luxury hotels, the Spielbank Casino,<ref name=Spiel>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/baden-baden/A26360.html|title=Spielbank |work=[[Frommer's]]|access-date=2009-05-26}}</ref> horse races, and the gardens of the [[Lichtentaler Allee]]. Guests included [[Queen Victoria]], [[Wilhelm I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I]], and [[Berlioz]].<ref name=Intro/> The [[Trinkhalle (Baden-Baden)|pumproom]] (''{{lang|de|Trinkhalle}}'') was completed in 1842.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}} The [[Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway|Grand Duchy's railway]]'s [[Baden Mainline|mainline]] reached Baden in 1845.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} Reaching its zenith under [[Napoleon III]] in the 1850s and '60s, Baden<!--sic--> became "Europe's summer capital".{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}} With a population of around {{nowrap|10&thinsp;000}}, the town's size could quadruple during the tourist season, with the [[Second French Empire|French]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]], [[Russian Empire|Russians]], and [[United States of America|Americans]] all well represented.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}} (French tourism fell off following the [[Franco-Prussian War]].){{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}

The theater was completed in 1861{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}} and a [[Greek Orthodoxy|Greek church]] with a gilt dome was erected on the Michaelsberg in 1863 to serve as the tomb of the teenage son of the prince of [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]] [[Mihail Sturdza]] after he died during a family vacation.<ref>{{citation |last=Winch |first=Michael B. |author-mask=Winch |title=Introducing Germany |page=75 |date=1967 }}</ref> A [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] church was also subsequently erected.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} The casino was closed for a time in the 1870s.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=226}}

[[File:Black Forest Autochrome 05 Baden-Baden.jpg|thumb|Baden-Baden in 1910]]
Just before the [[First World War]], the town was receiving {{nowrap|70&thinsp;000}} visitors each year.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}}

{{Main|Bombing of Baden-Baden in World War II}}

During the Second World War, 3.1% of the houses in Baden-Baden were completely destroyed by bombs and 125 civilians were killed.<ref>{{citation|surname1=Heinz Bardua|editor-surname1= Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg|periodical=Historischer Atlas von Baden-Württemberg|title=Kriegsschäden in Baden-Württemberg 1939–1945: Beiwort zur Karte 7,11|publication-place=Leonberg|at=p.&nbsp;13|date=1975|language=de|url=https://www.leo-bw.de/media/kgl_atlas/current/delivered/pdf/HABW_7_11.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.leo-bw.de/media/kgl_atlas/current/delivered/pdf/HABW_7_11.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-01-26
}}, Format: PDF, KBytes: 2300</ref> 5.8% of the houses were heavily damaged by bombs.<ref>Statistisches Jahrbuch deutscher Gemeinden, p. 378. Braunschweig 1952</ref> Lichtenthal, a residential area in the southwest of the town, was hit by bombs and Saint Bonifatius Church was severely damaged on 11 March 1943.<ref>Catholic Parish of Saint Bonifatius: ''Wir über uns'', p. 3. Baden-Baden 2002</ref> Balg, a residential area in the northeast of Baden-Baden, was hit by bombs on 17 December 1944. On 30 December 1944 one third of the buildings of Oos (i.e. about 300 houses), a residential area in the north of the town, was destroyed or heavily damaged by bombs and Saint Dionysius Church was severely damaged as well. On 2 January 1945 the railway station of Oos and various barracks on Schwarzwald Road were heavily damaged by bombs.<ref>Dieter Baeuerle et al. ''Stadtführer Baden-Baden'', p. 14. Baden-Baden 1994</ref> 
After [[World War II]], Baden-Baden became the headquarters of the [[French occupation zone in Germany|French occupation forces in Germany]] as well as of the [[Südwestfunk]], one of Germany's large public broadcasting stations, which is now part of [[Südwestrundfunk]]. From 23–28 September 1981, the 11th [[Olympic Congress]] took place in Baden-Baden's ''{{lang|de|Kurhaus}}''. The [[Festspielhaus Baden-Baden]], Germany's largest opera and concert house, opened in 1998.

[[CFB Baden-Soellingen]], a military airfield built in the 1950s in the [[Upper Rhine Plain]], {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on|sp=us}} west of downtown Baden-Baden, was converted into a civil airport in the 1990s. Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport, or [[Baden Airpark]] is now the second-largest airport in Baden-Württemberg by number of passengers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adv.aero/fileadmin/pdf/statistiken/2011/ADV-Monatsstatistik_Dezember_2011.pdf |title=ADV Monthly Traffic Report 12/2011 |access-date=2012-06-22 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813065907/http://www.adv.aero/fileadmin/pdf/statistiken/2011/ADV-Monatsstatistik_Dezember_2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-08-13 }}</ref>

In 1981 Baden-Baden hosted the [[Olympic Congress]], which later made the town awarded the designation [[Olympic town]].

==Climate==
The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is [[precipitation]] year round.  The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|Cfb]]" (Marine West Coast Climate/[[Oceanic climate]]).<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=22701&cityname=Baden+Baden%2C+Baden-W%FCrttemberg%2C+Germany&units= Climate Summary for Baden Baden]</ref>

The Baden-Baden weather station has recorded the following extreme values:<ref name=sklima/>
* Highest Temperature {{convert|38.0|C|F}} on [[2019_European_heatwaves#Germany|25 July 2019]].
* Lowest Temperature {{convert|-21.3|C|F}} on 10 February 1956.
* Wettest Year {{convert|1597.0|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 1965.
* Driest Year {{convert|733.7|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 1959.
* Highest Daily Precipitation: {{convert|131.3|mm|in|abbr=on}} on 28 October 1998.
* Earliest Snowfall: 28 October 2012.
* Latest Snowfall: 28 April 1981.
{{Weather box
|location = Baden-Baden (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1949–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 19.3
|Feb record high C = 22.3
|Mar record high C = 26.6
|Apr record high C = 31.6
|May record high C = 32.7
|Jun record high C = 35.5
|Jul record high C = 38.0
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 33.6
|Oct record high C = 28.4
|Nov record high C = 21.6
|Dec record high C = 19.7
|year record high C = 38.0
|Jan avg record high C = 14.1
|Feb avg record high C = 15.7
|Mar avg record high C = 19.6
|Apr avg record high C = 24.7
|May avg record high C = 28.3
|Jun avg record high C = 31.5
|Jul avg record high C = 33.1
|Aug avg record high C = 32.4
|Sep avg record high C = 27.5
|Oct avg record high C = 23.1
|Nov avg record high C = 17.8
|Dec avg record high C = 14.1
|year avg record high C = 34.2
|Jan high C = 5.6
|Feb high C = 7.1
|Mar high C = 11.4
|Apr high C = 16.0
|May high C = 19.8
|Jun high C = 23.2
|Jul high C = 25.2
|Aug high C = 25.1
|Sep high C = 20.5
|Oct high C = 15.4
|Nov high C = 9.5
|Dec high C = 6.3
|year high C = 15.4
|Jan mean C = 2.2
|Feb mean C = 2.9
|Mar mean C = 6.2
|Apr mean C = 10.0
|May mean C = 14.1
|Jun mean C = 17.5
|Jul mean C = 19.3
|Aug mean C = 18.9
|Sep mean C = 14.7
|Oct mean C = 10.4
|Nov mean C = 5.7
|Dec mean C = 3.0
|year mean C = 10.4
|Jan low C = -1.3
|Feb low C = -1.1
|Mar low C = 1.4
|Apr low C = 4.1
|May low C = 8.2
|Jun low C = 11.6
|Jul low C = 13.5
|Aug low C = 13.1
|Sep low C = 9.5
|Oct low C = 6.1
|Nov low C = 2.2
|Dec low C = -0.2
|year low C = 5.6
|Jan avg record low C = -9.8
|Feb avg record low C = -8.6
|Mar avg record low C = -5.0
|Apr avg record low C = -2.6
|May avg record low C = 2.0
|Jun avg record low C = 6.3
|Jul avg record low C = 8.6
|Aug avg record low C = 8.0
|Sep avg record low C = 3.9
|Oct avg record low C = -0.6
|Nov avg record low C = -4.5
|Dec avg record low C = -8.9
|year avg record low C = -12.3
|Jan record low C = -19.5
|Feb record low C = -21.3
|Mar record low C = -15.3
|Apr record low C = -7.3
|May record low C = -1.4
|Jun record low C = 2.2
|Jul record low C = 4.4
|Aug record low C = 3.8
|Sep record low C = 0.6
|Oct record low C = -5.1
|Nov record low C = -10.2
|Dec record low C = -16.8
|year record low C = -21.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 107.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 99.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 106.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 78.8
|May precipitation mm = 118.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 103.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 116.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 103.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 91.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 109.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 113.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 122.1
|year precipitation mm = 1269.2
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 17.7
|Feb precipitation days = 16.0
|Mar precipitation days = 15.7
|Apr precipitation days = 13.5
|May precipitation days = 15.8
|Jun precipitation days = 14.4
|Jul precipitation days = 14.9
|Aug precipitation days = 13.6
|Sep precipitation days = 12.7
|Oct precipitation days = 15.0
|Nov precipitation days = 16.9
|Dec precipitation days = 19.1
|year precipitation days = 185.4
|Jan snow depth cm = 5.5
|Feb snow depth cm = 5.2
|Mar snow depth cm = 2.4
|Apr snow depth cm = 0.1
|May snow depth cm = 0
|Jun snow depth cm = 0
|Jul snow depth cm = 0
|Aug snow depth cm = 0
|Sep snow depth cm = 0
|Oct snow depth cm = 0.1
|Nov snow depth cm = 0.9
|Dec snow depth cm = 5.9
|year snow depth cm = 12.0
|humidity colour = green
|Jan humidity = 83.1
|Feb humidity = 79.3
|Mar humidity = 74.3
|Apr humidity = 70.0
|May humidity = 71.4
|Jun humidity = 71.2
|Jul humidity = 70.7
|Aug humidity = 73.4
|Sep humidity = 78.2
|Oct humidity = 83.2
|Nov humidity = 86.0
|Dec humidity = 84.8
|year humidity = 77.1
|Jan sun = 52.9
|Feb sun = 78.4
|Mar sun = 132.7
|Apr sun = 182.4
|May sun = 204.4
|Jun sun = 223.7
|Jul sun = 237.7
|Aug sun = 223.3
|Sep sun = 164.5
|Oct sun = 103.0
|Nov sun = 55.3
|Dec sun = 41.2
|year sun = 1699.5
|source 1= [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] / SKlima.de<ref name=sklima>{{cite web 
|url = http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2
|title = Monatsauswertung 
|website = sklima.de 
|publisher = SKlima 
|language = de 
|access-date = 18 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="Deutscher wetterdinest">
{{Cite web 
|url = https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/nieder_9120_SV_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=771428 
|title = Precipitation: long-term mean values 1991 - 2020 
|access-date = 2023-07-11 
|website = Deutscher Wetterdinest 
|publisher = dwd.de 
|language = de}}</ref><ref name="Sun">{{cite web 
|title = Sunshine: Long term averages for 1991-2020 
|url = https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/sonne_9120_SV_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=771428 
|website = Dwd.de 
|publisher = German Weather Service 
|access-date = 23 February 2024}}</ref>}}

==Lord Mayors==

* 1907–1929: Reinhard Fieser
* 1929–1934: Hermann Elfner
* 1934–1945: Hans Schwedhelm (when he was not in office because of military service, mayor Kurt Bürkle was in office)
* April 1945–May 1945: Ludwig Schmitt
* May 1945–January 1946: Karl Beck
* January 1946–September 1946: Eddy Schacht
* 1946–1969: Ernst Schlapper (CDU) (1888-1976)
* 1969–1990: Walter Carlein (CDU) (1922-2011)
* 1990–1998: Ulrich Wendt (CDU)
* 1998–2006: Sigrun Lang (independent)
* 2006–2014: Wolfgang Gerstner (born 1955), (CDU)
* 2014–2022: Margret Mergen (born 1961), (CDU)
* 2022–present: Dietmar Späth (independent)

== Tourism ==
Baden-Baden is a German spa town.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bogue|first=David|title=Belgium and the Rhine|publisher=[[Oxford University]]|pages=102}}</ref> The city offers many options for sports enthusiasts;<ref name=Intro/> golf and tennis are both popular in the area.<ref name=Intro/> Horse races take place each May, August and October at nearby [[Iffezheim]].<ref name=Intro/> The countryside is ideal for hiking and mountain climbing.<ref name=Intro/> In the winter Baden-Baden is a skiing destination.<ref name=Intro/> There is an 18-hole [[golf course]] in Fremersberg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/baden-baden/0863010020.html|title=Active pursuits |work=[[Frommer's]]|access-date=2009-05-29}}</ref>

Sights include:

{{colbegin}}
* The ''{{lang|de|[[Kurhaus of Baden-Baden|Kurhaus]]}}'', whose ''{{lang|de|Kurgarten}}'' ("Spa Garden") hosts the annual Baden-Baden Summer Nights, featuring live classical music concerts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=112309 |title=Baden-Baden Summer Nights |work=[[Frommer's]] |access-date=2009-05-28 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711044656/http://events.frommers.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=112309 |archive-date=2011-07-11 }}</ref>
* Casino
* [[Friedrichsbad]]
* Caracalla Spa
* [[Lichtentaler Allee]] park and gardens
* [[Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden]] (State Art Gallery)
* [[Museum Frieder Burda]] built by [[Richard Meier]] for one of Germany's most extensive collections of modern art<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/destinations/baden-baden/A34675.html|title=Sammlung Frieder Burda|work=[[Frommer's]]|access-date=2009-05-24}}</ref>
* [[Fabergé Museum]]
* Museum der Kunst und Technik des 19. Jahrhunderts (Lichtentaler Allee 8), covering the technology of the 19th century
* Kunstmuseum Gehrke-Remund, which exhibits the work of [[Frida Kahlo]]
* ''{{lang|de|Brahmshaus}}'', [[Johannes Brahms]]'s residence, which has been preserved as a museum
* [[Hohenbaden Castle]] or ''Old Castle'', a ruin since the 16th century
* New Castle (''{{lang|de|[[New Castle (Baden-Baden)|Neues Schloss]]}}''), the former residence of the margraves and grand dukes of Baden, now a historical museum{{sfnp|''EB''|2015}}
* [[Festspielhaus Baden-Baden]], the second-largest festival hall in Europe
* Ruins of Roman baths, excavated in 1847
* ''{{lang|de|[[Stiftskirche (Baden-Baden)|Stiftskirche]]}}'', a church including the tombs of fourteen margraves of Baden
* Paradise (''{{lang|de|Paradies}}''), an Italian-style Renaissance garden with many trick fountains
* [[Merkur (Baden-Baden)|Mount Merkur]], including the [[Merkurbergbahn]] [[funicular]] railway and [[Observation Tower Baden-Baden Merkur|observation tower]]
* [[Fremersberg Tower]]
* Sturdza Chapel on the Michaelsberg, a neoclassical chapel with a gilded dome designed by [[Leo von Klenze]] which was erected over the tomb of prince Michel [[Sturdza family|Sturdza's]] son{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}
{{colend}}

== Transport ==
===Road===
The main road link is autobahn [[Bundesautobahn 5|A5]] between [[Basel]] and [[Frankfurt]] via [[Freiburg]], [[Karlsruhe]] and [[Mannheim]], which is 10&nbsp;km away from the inner city.

There are two stations providing [[intercity bus service]]s: one next to the main railway station and one at the airport.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/baden-baden|title=Baden-Baden: Stations|publisher=Travelinho.com|access-date=2017-12-02|archive-date=2017-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203013752/http://www.travelinho.com/en/travel/baden-baden|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Railway===
Baden-Baden has three stations, [[Baden-Baden station]] being the most important of them.

===Air===
[[Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport]] is an airport located near Baden-Baden that also serves the city of [[Karlsruhe]]. It is [[Baden-Württemberg]]'s second-largest airport after [[Stuttgart Airport]], and the 18th-largest in Germany with 1,110,500 passengers as of 2016<ref name="ADV">{{cite web|url=http://www.adv.aero|title=Flughafenverband ADV – Unsere Flughäfen: Regionale Stärke, Globaler Anschluss|author=Flughafenverband ADV|work=adv.aero}}</ref> and mostly serves low-cost and leisure flights.

==Image gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Baden-Baden - Altstadt.jpg|Old town (''{{lang|de|Altstadt}}'')
File:View of Baden-baden.jpeg|Florentine Hill (''{{lang|de|Florentinerberg}}''), with the New Castle (top right), the Caracalla Spa (lower right), and the ''{{lang|de|Friedrichsbad}}'' (lower left)
File:Stiftskirche von Baden-Baden.jpg|Baden-Baden's parish church (''{{lang|de|Stiftskirche}}'')
File:Baden-Baden 10-2015 img37 Pump house.jpg|The ''{{lang|de|Trinkhalle}}''
File:Brenners.jpg|Brenner's Park Hotel
File:Baden-Baden Russische Kirche 01-gje.jpg|The Russian Orthodox Church (''{{lang|de|Russische Kirche}}'')
File:Baden-Baden-Stourdza-Kapelle-01-gje.jpg|Sturdza Chapel
File:Baden-Baden-Roemerplatz-32-Friedrichsbad-Neues Schloss-Kloster vom Heiligen Grab-2022-gje.jpg|The ''{{lang|de|Friedrichsbad}}'', New Castle, and Abbey School (''{{lang|de|Klosterschule vom Heiligen Grab}}'')
File:Baden-Baden Kurmuschel.jpg|The Spa Shell, an open-air concert venue
File:Baden-Baden 10-2015 img39 Museum Frieder Burda.jpg|Museum Frieder Burda
File:Baden-Baden-Lichtentaler Allee-516-Spaziergaenger-2012-gje.jpg|Lichtentaler Allee
File:Baden-Baden-Kunsthalle-22-Burdamuseum-Joan Miro-Femme 1970-2007-gje.jpg|Staatliche Kunsthalle Baden-Baden
File:Baden-Baden-Faberge-Museum-04-2021-gje.jpg|Fabergé Museum
File:Baden-Baden-Museum19-02-Baden in Schoenheit-2020-gje.jpg|Museum der Kunst und Technik des 19. Jahrhunderts
File:Baden-Baden-Brahmshaus-40-Wohnzimmer-2017-gje.jpg|Brahmshaus
File:Baden-Baden-Festspielhaus-Alter Bahnhof-72-Suedecke-gje.jpg|Festspielhaus Baden-Baden
File:Baden-Baden-Merkurturm-20-2014-gje.jpg|Mount Merkur, tower
File:Baden-Baden-vom Korbmattfelsen-54-Fremersberg-2021-gje.jpg|Fremersberg Tower
File:Hohenbaden hb.JPG|The Old Castle
File:Baden-Baden-Kurhaus-27-2021-gje.jpg|The ''{{lang|de|Kurhaus}}'' and Casino
</gallery>

==Twin towns – sister cities==
[[File:Karlovy Vary sign of its sister cities.jpg|thumb|Sign of Karlovy Vary's sister cities]]
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Baden-Baden is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte von Baden-Baden|url=https://www.baden-baden.de/stadtportrait/stadt/partnerstaedte/|website=baden-baden.de|publisher=Baden-Baden|language=de|access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Karlovy Vary]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Menton]], France
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Moncalieri]], Italy
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sochi]], Russia (suspended)
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Yalta]], Ukraine
{{div col end}}

== Artistic depiction ==
Baden<!--sic--> featured in [[Turgenev]]'s ''[[Smoke (Turgenev novel)|Smoke]]''. [[Dostoyevsky]] wrote ''[[The Gambler (novel)|The Gambler]]'' while compulsively gambling at the town's casino.<ref name=Spiel/><ref>{{citation |contribution-url=http://cnntraveller.com/2007/05/01/the-russians-are-coming-back/ |contribution=The Russians are Coming (Back) |title=CNN Traveller |publisher=CNN |location=Atlanta |access-date=22 July 2009 |archive-date=23 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223173818/http://cnntraveller.com/2007/05/01/the-russians-are-coming-back/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The novel ''[[Summer in Baden-Baden]]'' by [[Leonid Tsypkin]] is inspired by Dostoyevsky's visit to this resort.

The 1975 film ''[[The Romantic Englishwoman]]'' was filmed on location in Baden-Baden, featuring the Brenner's Park Hotel particularly prominently. The 1997 [[Bollywood]] movie ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' was also shot in the town.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}

Baden-Baden is the subject of a pop song by Finnish songwriter [[Chisu]] of how the economic woes of [[Finland]] could be solved by selling bottled tears to Europe (specifically Baden-Baden).

In the second season episode of The Sopranos, "The Happy Wanderer," Tony Soprano mentions that his friend [[List of The Sopranos characters#Friends and family|David Scatino]] moved to New Jersey from Baden Baden.

In the penultimate episode of the [[Better Call Saul]]'s fourth season, Baden-Baden is mentioned.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.avclub.com/heading-into-the-season-finale-better-call-saul-serves-1829426128 | title=Heading into the season finale, Better Call Saul serves up multiple crises | website=[[The A.V. Club]] }}</ref>

== Notable people ==
[[File:Emil Kessler.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Emil Kessler]]]]
[[File:Francispigou.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Francis Pigou]]]]
[[File:Sir G. William Des Voeux.jpg|thumb|140px|[[William Des Vœux|Sir William Des Vœux]]]]
[[File:Anna Zerr Kriehuber.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Anna Zerr]]]]
[[File:Antoinette Bower.JPG|thumb|140px|[[Antoinette Bower]], 1961]]
[[File:Prince Louis II of Monaco 05670r.jpg|thumb|140px|[[Louis II, Prince of Monaco]]]]
=== Public service & commerce ===
* [[Friedrich, Freiherr von Zoller]] (1762–1821), Bavarian lieutenant-general who fought in the [[Napoleonic Wars]]
* [[Emil Kessler]] (1813–1867), entrepreneur, founder of the [[Maschinenfabrik Esslingen]]
* [[Francis Mahler|Colonel Francis Mahler]] (1826–1863), officer in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]]
* [[Richard Enderlin]] (1843-1930), [[Union Army]], [[Medal of Honor]] recipient for rescuing a fallen comrade during the second day of the [[Battle of Gettysburg]] during the [[American Civil War]]
* [[William Hespeler]] (1830–1921), German-Canadian businessman, immigration agent and a member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]
* [[Francis Pigou]] (1832–1916), Anglican priest
* [[William Des Vœux|Sir William Des Vœux]] (1834–1909), British colonial governor, [[Governor of Fiji]] (1880–1885), [[Governor of Newfoundland]] (1886–1887) and [[Governor of Hong Kong]] (1887–1891)<ref>{{cite DNB12|wstitle= Des Vœux, William | short=x}}</ref>
* [[Wilhelm Brückner]] (1884–1954), officer and chief adjutant of [[Adolf Hitler]]
* [[Rudolf Höss]] (1900–1947), Nazi, SS commandant of [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], executed for war crimes
* [[Leopold Gutterer]] (1902–1996), Nazi [[state secretary]] in the [[Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda]]
* [[Felix Gilbert]] (1905–1991), German-American historian
* [[Fritz Suhren]] (1908–1950), SS Nazi concentration camp commandant executed for war crimes
* [[Kai Whittaker]] (born 1985), German CDU politician, member of the [[Bundestag]] since 2013

=== The arts ===
* [[Anna Zerr]] (1822–1881), German operatic soprano
* [[Eugene Armbruster]] (1865–1943), New York City photographer, illustrator, writer, and historian
* [[Paul Nikolaus Cossmann]] (1869–1942 in [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]), German journalist
* [[Hermine Finck]] (1872–1932), opera singer
* [[Édouard Risler]] (1873–1929), French pianist
* [[Reinhold Schneider]] (1903–1958), writer
* [[Franz Zureich]] (1904–1992), painter
* [[Antoinette Bower]] (born 1932), British-American actress
* [[Tony Marshall (singer)|Tony Marshall]] (1938-2023), pop and opera singer
* [[Peter Griffin (singer)|Peter Griffin]] (1939-2007), [[disco]] singer
* [[Heinz Bosl]] (1946–1975), German ballet dancer
* [[Elmar Hörig]] (born 1949), radio and television presenter
* [[Robert HP Platz]] (born 1951), composer and conductor
* [[Sabine von Maydell]] (born 1955), actress and author
* [[Marc Trillard]] (born 1955), French writer
* [[Andreas Heinecke]] (born 1955), [[social entrepreneur]] and creator of [[Dialogue in the Dark]]
* [[Jean-Marc Rochette]] (born 1956), French painter, illustrator and comics creator.
* [[Tobias A. Schliessler]] (born 1958), German cinematographer
* [[Ann-Marie MacDonald]] (born 1958), Canadian playwright, novelist, actress and broadcast host
* [[Stefan Anton Reck]] (born 1960), German orchestra conductor and painter
* [[Birgit Stauch]] (born 1961), German sculptor, works in bronzes, sculptures, sketches and portraits.
* [[Florian Ballhaus]] (born 1965), German cinematographer
* [[Alexandra Kamp]] (born 1966), German model and actress, grew up in Baden-Baden.
===Aristocracy===
* [[Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden]] (1559–1588), Margrave of Baden-Baden, 1571 to 1588
* [[William, Margrave of Baden-Baden]] (1593–1677), regent of Baden-Baden, 1621 and 1677
* [[Ferdinand Maximilian of Baden-Baden]] (1625–1669), father of the "Türkenlouis" [[Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden]]
* [[Prince Maximilian of Baden]] (1867–1929), last heir of the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]], a German prince, general and politician
* [[Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell]] (1886–1957), British physicist
* [[Louis II, Prince of Monaco]] (1870–1949), Prince of Monaco from 1922 to 1949
=== Science ===
* [[Franz Carl Müller-Lyer]] (1857–1916), psychologist and sociologist, eponym of the [[Müller-Lyer illusion]]
* [[Joseph Vollmer]] (1871–1955), automobile designer, engineer and pioneering tank designer
* [[Alfred Kühn]] (1885–1968), zoologist and geneticist
* [[Erich Schmidt (archaeologist)|Erich Friedrich Schmidt]] (1897–1964), German and American-naturalized archaeologist
* [[Wolfgang Krull]] (1899–1971), mathematician

=== Sport ===
* [[Marco Grimm]] (born 1972), football player, 334 pro appearances
* [[Frank Moser (tennis)|Frank Moser]] (born 1976), German professional tennis player
* [[Magdalena Schnurr]] (born 1992), German ski jumper

== See also ==
* [[List of reduplicated place names]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Baden (2.) |volume=3  |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |pages=226–227 }}
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Baden (Germany) |display=Baden |volume=3 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|1911}} |page=184 }}
* {{citation |contribution=Baden-Baden |contribution-url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Baden-Baden-Germany |title=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |url=https://www.britannica.com |date=2015 |access-date=8 October 2015 |ref={{harvid|''EB''|2015}} }}.

== Further reading ==

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book |title=Beauties of Baden-Baden |publisher= [[Coghlan's Guides|F. Coghlan]] | author=Charles Francis Coghlan Jr. |location=London |year=1858 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UFgBAAAAQAAJ }}
* {{Cite news |last1=Emmrich |first1=Stuart |title=36 Hours in Baden-Baden, Germany |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2017-07-20 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/07/20/travel/what-to-do-36-hours-in-baden-baden-germany.html |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all }}

{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Baden-Baden}}
{{Commons category|Baden-Baden}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|de|es|fr|it|ja|ru|zh}}

{{Germany_districts_baden-württemberg}}
{{The Great Spa Towns of Europe}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Baden-Baden| ]]
[[Category:Karlsruhe (region)]]
[[Category:Towns in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Spa towns in Germany]]
[[Category:Gambling in Germany]]
[[Category:Burial sites of the House of Leiningen]]
[[Category:Urban districts of Baden-Württemberg]]