Editing Baarle-Nassau

{{short description|Municipality and town in North Brabant, Netherlands}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->
| name                    = Baarle-Nassau
| settlement_type         = [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = P1070673Gemeentehuis.JPG
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Baarle-Nassau town hall
| image_flag              = Baarle-Nassau flag.svg
| flag_size               = 100x67px
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Baarle-Nassau wapen.svg
| shield_size             = 100x80px
| shield_alt              = 
<!-- Maps, coordinates -->
| image_map               = Map - NL - Municipality code 0744 (2009).svg
| map_alt                 = Highlighted position of Baarle-Nassau in a municipal map of North Brabant
| map_caption             = Location in North Brabant
| coordinates             = {{coord|51|27|N|4|56|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        =[[Netherlands]];&nbsp;however,&nbsp;the Dutch [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] of Baarle-Nassau totally surrounds numerous small [[exclaves]] of [[Belgium]].
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[North Brabant]]
| government_footnotes    = <ref name="mayor_now">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.baarle-nassau.nl/bestuur/college-van-bw/braam-vtm.html#c3766 
 |title=Braam V.T.M. 
 |language=nl 
 |publisher=Gemeente Baarle-Nassau 
 |access-date=28 April 2014 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429045014/http://www.baarle-nassau.nl/bestuur/college-van-bw/braam-vtm.html 
 |archive-date=29 April 2014 
}}</ref>
| governing_body          = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]]
| leader_party            = [[Christian Democratic Appeal|CDA]]
| leader_title            = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]]
| leader_name             = [[Marjon de Hoon-Veelenturf]]
<!-- Geographic information -->
| unit_pref               = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref>
<!-- square kilometers -->
| area_total_km2          = {{Dutch municipality total area|Baarle-Nassau}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Dutch municipality land area|Baarle-Nassau}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Dutch municipality water area|Baarle-Nassau}}
| elevation_footnotes     = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web 
 |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool
 |title = Postcodetool for 5111CC
 |language = nl
 |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> 
 |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
 |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis
 |access-date = 28 April 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_m             = 28
| elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m         =
| elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m         =
<!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref>
| population_total        = {{Dutch municipality population|Baarle-Nassau}}
| population_as_of        = {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population|popbasemonth}}}} {{Dutch municipality population|popbaseyear}}
| population_density_km2  = {{Dutch municipality population density|Baarle-Nassau}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto-->
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- Other information -->
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code             = 5110–5114
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code               = 013
| website                 = {{URL|1=http://www.baarle-nassau.nl}}
| footnotes               =
}}
[[File:Gem-Baarle-Nassau-OpenTopo.jpg|265px|thumb|Topographic map of the municipality of Baarle-Nassau, June 2015]]

'''Baarle-Nassau''' ({{IPA|nl|ˌbaːrlə ˈnɑsʌu|-|174 Baarle-Nassau.ogg}}) is a [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] and town in the southern [[Netherlands]], located in the province of [[North Brabant]]. It had a population of {{formatnum:{{Dutch municipality population|Baarle-Nassau}}}} in {{As of|2019|bare=yes}}. The town is the site of a complicated borderline between [[Belgium]] and the Netherlands: it encloses 22 small [[exclave]]s of the Belgian town [[Baarle-Hertog]], of which the two largest contain seven counter-enclaves of Baarle-Nassau, and the main body of Belgium contains another.

==Geography==

===The border with Baarle-Hertog, Belgium===
Baarle-Nassau is closely linked, with complicated borders, to the Belgian exclaves of [[Baarle-Hertog]].  Baarle-Hertog consists of 26 separate parcels of land. Apart from the main parcel, known as [[Zondereigen]] and located north of the Belgian town of [[Merksplas]], there are 22 Belgian exclaves in the Netherlands and three other parcels on the [[Belgium–Netherlands border|Dutch-Belgian border]]. There are also six Dutch exclaves located within the largest Belgian exclave, one within the second-largest, and an eighth within Zondereigen. The smallest Belgian parcel, H7, locally named {{Lang|nl|De Loversche Akkers|italic=no}}, measures {{convert|2,469|m2|sqft}}.

The border's complexity results from numerous medieval treaties, agreements, land-swaps and sales between the Lords of [[Breda]] and the [[Dukes of Brabant]]. Generally speaking, predominantly agricultural or built environments became constituents of Brabant, while other parts devolved to Breda. These distributions were ratified and clarified as a part of the borderline settlements arrived at during the [[Treaty of Maastricht (1843)|Treaty of Maastricht]] in 1843.

For clarification and the interest of tourists, the border is made visible on all streets with iron pins. This way it is always clear whether one is in Belgium (Baarle-Hertog) or in the Netherlands (Baarle-Nassau). This is also visible on the house numbers: the style of house numbers is different in both countries, and often the Dutch or Belgian flag next to the house number indicates which country it belongs to.
[[File:Baarle-Nassau - Baarle-Hertog-en.svg|none|365px|thumb|Belgian and Dutch territory in Baarle-Nassau]]
[[File:Baarle-Nassau frontière café.jpg|230px|right|thumb|Border between Netherlands and Belgium in Baarle-Nassau.]]

===Localities===
*'''Baarle-Nassau''' (population: 5,330)
*[[Ulicoten]] (1,110)
*[[Castelré]] (140)

===List of enclaves===
====Dutch enclaves====
These are all part of Baarle-Nassau municipality.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:87%; border:1; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
!scope="col" width="275px"|'''Serial no. and local name''' <ref name=Whyte2>{{cite book| first=Brendan | last=Whyte | title="En Territoire Belge et à Quarante Centimètres de la Frontière" An historical and documentary study of the Belgian and Dutch enclaves of Baarle-Hertog and Baarle-Nassau | isbn=0-7340-3032-0 | publisher = The University of Melbourne, School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies | year=2004}}</ref>
!scope="col" width="50px" data-sort-type="number"|'''Area (ha)'''

!area
acre
! scope="col" width="525px" class="unsortable" |'''Notes'''
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N1, {{Lang|nl|De Loversche Akkers – De Tommelsche Akkers|italic=no}}||5.3667
|13.2617||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Baarle-Hertog; contains a mix of dwellings and farmland; boundary of N1 and H1 runs through one building.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N2, {{Lang|nl|De Tommelsche Akkers|italic=no}}||1.3751
|3.3981||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Baarle-Hertog; contains 8 dwellings.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N3, {{Lang|nl|De Tommelsche Akkers|italic=no}}||0.2863
|0.7075||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Baarle-Hertog; boundary of N3 and H1 bisects the loading dock of a liquor store.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N4, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||1.2324
|3.0454||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Baarle-Hertog; boundary of N4 and H1 runs through a warehouse, with vacant Dutch land to the rear of the warehouse.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N5, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||1.9212
|4.7475||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Baarle-Hertog; boundary of N5 and H1 runs through a furniture showroom, a shed and a barn.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N6, {{Lang|nl|Gierle Straat|italic=no}}||1.4527
|3.5898||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian exclave H1, in Baarle-Hertog; consists of farmland with two buildings.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N7, {{Lang|nl|De Kastelein|italic=no}}||0.5812
|1.4363||Counter-enclave surrounded by Belgian Oordeel exclave H8, in Baarle-Hertog; occupies part of a field.
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} N8, {{Lang|nl|Vossenberg|italic=no}}||2.8528
|7.0496||Farmland enclave situated within Zondereigen, Belgium, less than 50 meters south of the Dutch border.
|-
|}

====Belgian enclaves====
These are all part of Baarle-Hertog municipality, and are surrounded by Baarle-Nassau municipality (Netherlands).

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; font-size:87%; border:1; cellpadding:5; cellspacing:0;"
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
!scope="col" width="350px"|'''Serial no. and local name'''<ref name="Whyte2"/>
!scope="col" width="50px" data-sort-type="number"|'''Area (ha)'''

!area
acre
! scope="col" width="450px" class="unsortable" |'''Notes'''
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H1, {{Lang|nl|Aen het Klooster Straetje - Hoofdbraek - Loveren - De Boschcovensche Akkers - De Loversche Akkers - De Tommelsche Akkers - De Tommel - De Gierle Straat - De Reth - De Rethsche Akkers - Het Dorp - De Kapel Akkers - De Kastelein|italic=no}}||153.6448
|379.6717||Forms a [[quadripoint]] with enclave H2; largest Belgian exclave; encompasses six Dutch enclaves; consists of dwellings for the most part, with outlying farmland and an industrial area; boundary runs through numerous buildings; contains a portion of the former [[Turnhout]]-[[Tilburg]] rail line, now a cycle path.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H2, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||2.4116
|5.9594||Consists of farmland with a single point of connection (quadripoint) between enclaves H1 and H2 in the middle of a corn field.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H3, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||0.3428
|0.8471||Occupies part of a field; boundary runs through a shed in one instance.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H4, {{Lang|nl|De Rethsche Akkers|italic=no}}||1.476
|3.6474||Consists of farmland; boundary runs through a house and three sheds.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H5, {{Lang|nl|De Kapel Akkers|italic=no}}||0.9245
|2.2846||Consists of farmland with a dwelling.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H6, {{Lang|nl|Hoofdbraek|italic=no}}||1.7461
|4.3148||Mixed land usage; boundary runs through a warehouse/factory.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H7, {{Lang|nl|De Loversche Akkers|italic=no}}||0.2469
|0.6102||Boundary runs through two dwellings, including the middle of one front door (giving it two house numbers: Loveren 2, Baarle-Hertog / Loveren 19, Baarle-Nassau).
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H8, {{Lang|nl|Boschcoven - De Kastelein - De Oordelsche Straat|italic=no}}||41.8781
|103.485||Second-largest Belgian exclave, contains a mix of dwellings and farmland; boundary runs through a barn, a dwelling and two businesses.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H9, {{Lang|nl|De Kapel Akkers|italic=no}}||0.4005
|0.9897||Boundary runs through a printing factory/warehouse in an industrial area.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H10, {{Lang|nl|De Oordelsche Straat|italic=no}}||0.65
|1.6063||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H11, {{Lang|nl|De Oordelsche Straat|italic=no}}||0.93
|2.2982||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H12, {{Lang|nl|Boschcoven|italic=no}}||0.2822
|0.6974||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H13, {{Lang|nl|Boschcoven|italic=no}}||1.5346
|3.7922||Boundary runs through about 20 dwellings.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H14, {{Lang|nl|Boschcoven|italic=no}}||0.7193
|1.7774||Boundary runs through about 13 dwellings.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H15, {{Lang|nl|Boschcoven|italic=no}}||1.7211
|4.2531||Boundary runs through about 16 dwellings.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H16, {{Lang|nl|Keizershoek - Oordelsche Straat|italic=no}}||4.4252
|10.9352||Boundary runs through a house and three sheds, with the linear boundary changing direction three times inside just one shed.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H17, {{Lang|nl|Moleriet Heide|italic=no}}||14.9248
|36.8807||Rural area containing a portion of the former Turnhout-Tilburg rail line, now a cycle path.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H18, {{Lang|nl|De Manke Gooren|italic=no}}||2.9247
|7.2273||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H19, {{Lang|nl|De Peruiters|italic=no}}||0.6851
|1.693||Consists of several ponds and a field.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H20, {{Lang|nl|Wurstenbosch - Vossenberg|italic=no}}||1.1681
|2.8865||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H21, {{Lang|nl|Baelbrugsche Beemden|italic=no}}||1.1845
|2.9271||Consists of farmland.
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} H22, {{Lang|nl|De Wit Hagen|italic=no}}||0.2632
|0.6504||South of the village of Ulicoten; occupies part of a field; nationality was contested from the 1830s until 1995 (remained unallocated to either country in boundary treaty of 26 April 1974)
|-
|}

== Education ==
Baarle-Nassau has two primary schools: Basisschool De Uilenpoortand and Bernardusschool, the latter in the [[Ulicoten]] section. There is a single secondary school in Baarle-Nassau, De La Salle, which has {{Lang|nl|[[Voorbereidend middelbaar beroepsonderwijs]]}}, lower {{Lang|nl|[[Hoger algemeen voortgezet onderwijs]]}}, and {{Lang|nl|[[Voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs]]}} levels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baarle-nassau.nl/jeugdenonderwijs.html|title=Jeugd en Onderwijs|publisher=Baarle-Nassau|accessdate=2022-01-18}} - Under the tab "Onderwijs en kinderopvang"</ref>

It shares,  with [[Baarle-Hertog]], a joint library with Belgian and Dutch staff.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20181124135444/https://www.baarle-hertog.be/bibliotheek/2874/default_hertog.aspx?id=3993 bibliotheek]." Baarle-Hertog. Retrieved on January 6, 2017.</ref>

== Notable people ==

* [[Petrus Christus]] ({{Circa|1410/1420}} in Baarle – 1475/1476) an [[Early Netherlandish painter]]; was a leading painter after the death of [[Jan van Eyck]]
* [[Jan Hendrikx]] (born 1944) a former Dutch politician, mayor of Baarle-Nassau 1990–2012

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Baarle Nassau, Onze Lieve Vrouw van Altijddurende bijstand foto5 2010-10-13 11.43.JPG|Baarle-Nassau, church
File:Baarle-Nassau Rathaus.jpg|Baarle-Nassau, town hall
File:Grensovergang Poppel-Baarle.jpg|Grensovergang Poppel-Baarle
File:P1020712Baarle-Nassau.JPG|Baarle-Nassau, bij Singel, water pump
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Baarle-Nassau}}{{Wikivoyage|Baarle}}
*[https://www.baarle-nassau.nl/ Official website Baarle-Nassau] {{in lang|nl}}
*[https://www.baarle-hertog.be/ Official website Baarle-Hertog] {{in lang|nl}}
*[https://www.grenspalen.nl/archief/baarle-enclaves%20outlined.html The Baarle Enclaves outlined with Maps]
*[https://www.grenspalen.nl/archief/baarle-enclave-h22-outlined.jpg Photograph of H-22, the smallest enclave of B.-Hertog]
*[https://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith//baarle.htm Baarle-Nassau / Baarle-Hertog] (with maps)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060721133845/http://www.borderlandtv.com/photos_2.html Photos from Baarle-Nassau/Hertog]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090207033520/http://english.baarledigitaal.org/ English Website about the Baarle Enclaves / with maps] [Dead link]
*[http://www.baarledigitaal.org/ Dutch pages about Baarle-Hertog and Baarle-Nassau / with maps] [Dead link]

{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Baarle-Nassau '''(partially surrounds<br>[[Baarle-Hertog]] ([[Belgium|BE]]-[[Antwerp (province)|VAN]]))'''
 | North     = [[Alphen-Chaam]]
 | East      = [[Ravels]] ([[Belgium|BE]]-[[Antwerp (province)|VAN]])
 | Southeast = [[Turnhout]] ([[Belgium|BE]]-[[Antwerp (province)|VAN]])
 | South     = [[Merksplas]] ([[Belgium|BE]]-[[Antwerp (province)|VAN]]), [[Baarle-Hertog]] ([[Belgium|BE]]-[[Antwerp (province)|VAN]])
 | West      = [[Hoogstraten]] ([[Belgium|BE]]-[[Antwerp (province)|VAN]])
}}
{{North Brabant Province}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Baarle-Nassau| ]]
[[Category:Belgium–Netherlands border crossings]]
[[Category:Enclaves and exclaves]]
[[Category:Municipalities of North Brabant]]
[[Category:Twin cities]]