Editing Búri

{{short description|Norse mythical character}}
[[File:Treated NKS audhumla.jpg|thumb|Búri is licked out of a salty ice-block by the cow [[Auðumbla]] in this illustration from an 18th-century Icelandic manuscript.]]
In [[Norse mythology]], '''Búri''' ([[Old Norse]]: {{IPA|non|ˈbuːre|}}), is a divinity god 'producer, father' of all other gods,<ref name="SIMEK-2007-47">Simek (Simek 2007:47).</ref> and an early ancestor of the [[Æsir]] gods of the principal pantheon in [[Old Norse religion]]. Búri was licked free from salty rime stones by the primeval cow [[Auðumbla]] over the course of three days. Búri's background beyond this point is unattested, and he had a son, [[Borr]], by way of an unknown process. Búri is attested in the ''[[Prose Edda]]'', composed in the 13th century by Icelander [[Snorri Sturluson]]. The ''Prose Edda'' includes a quote from a 12th-century poem by [[skald]] Þórvaldr Blönduskáld that mentions the figure. Búri's mysterious origins are the subject of scholarly commentary and interpretation.

== Name ==
The name ''Búri'', like the name of his son ''[[Borr|Burr]]'', is derived from the [[Proto-Germanic]] *''[[wiktionary:Appendix:Proto-Germanic/buriz|buriz]]'' "son, born".<ref>Urgermanisch ''*buri-'' wird unter anderem rekonstruiert aus gotisch ''baur'' ‚Geborener‘, altenglisch ''byre'' ‚Sohn, Jüngling‘ und altnordisch ''burr'' ‚Sohn‘, siehe Robert Nedoma: ''Altgermanische Anthroponyme.'' In: [[Dieter Geuenich]], [[Wolfgang Haubrichs]], [[Jörg Jarnut]] (Hrsg.): ''Ergänzungsband Nr. 32 zum Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde – Person und Name.'' 2. Auflage. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin − New York 2001, S. 111.</ref> Thus, both names basically mean the same thing.<ref>[[Wolfgang Meid]]: ''Die germanische Religion im Zeugnis der Sprache.'' In: Heinrich Beck, Detlev Ellmers, Kurt Schier (Hrsg.): ''Germanische Religionsgeschichte – Quellen und Quellenprobleme – Ergänzungsband Nr. 5 zum Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde.'' 2. Auflage. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin − New York 1999, ISBN 978-3-11-012872-7, S. 495. [https://books.google.com/books?id=HlAKSrsxu44C&dq=Ymir&pg=PA495 Online.]</ref> In research, Buri's name is translated as "begotten, father" and Burr as "begotten, son"<ref>[[Jan de Vries (Philologe)|Jan de Vries]]: ''Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte – Bd. 2: Religion der Nordgermanen''. Verlag Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin/Leipzig 1937, S. 395.</ref><ref>Rudolf Simek: ''Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie'' (= ''Kröners Taschenausgabe.'' Band 368). 3., völlig überarbeitete Auflage. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X, S.&nbsp;64.</ref> - probably because of the generational sequence. However, how he fathered his son is not explained; either by himself or through sexual reproduction.<ref>Rudolf Simek: ''Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie'' (= ''Kröners Taschenausgabe.'' Band 368). 3., völlig überarbeitete Auflage. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X, S.&nbsp;64 entscheidet sich nicht für eine von beiden Möglichkeiten – John Lindow: ''Handbook of Norse Mythology.'' USA 2001, ISBN 1-57607-217-7, S. 90 sagt, die Forschung gehe mehrheitlich von sexueller Fortpflanzung aus, ohne dass er eine Begründung mitteilt.</ref>

==Attestations==
Búri receives mention twice in the ''Prose Edda''—once in ''Gylfaginning'' and again in a skaldic poem quoted in ''Skáldskaparmál''. The ''Gylfaginning'' section reads as follows:

{{Verse translation|lang=is
|''Hon sleikti hrímsteinana er saltir váru. Ok hinn fyrsta <dag> er hon sleikti steina, kom ór steininum at kveldi manns hár, annan dag manns höfuð, þriðja dag var þar allr [[Man (word)|maðr]]. Sá er nefndr Búri. Hann var fagr álitum, mikill ok máttugr. Hann gat son þann er Borr hét.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Normalized text of R |url=http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/gg/gg4par06.html# |access-date=2005-07-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105215732/http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/gg/gg4par06.html |archive-date=2008-01-05}}</ref>
|She licked the ice-blocks, which were salty; and the first day that she licked the blocks, there came forth from the blocks in the evening a man's hair; the second day, a man's head; the third day the whole man was there. He is named Búri: he was fair of feature, great and mighty. He begat a son called Borr[.]
|attr2=Brodeur's translation
}}

Búri is mentioned nowhere in the ''[[Poetic Edda]]'' and only once in the [[skaldic poetry|skaldic corpus]]. In ''[[Skáldskaparmál]]'' Snorri quotes the following verse by the 12th century [[skald]] Þórvaldr blönduskáld:

{{Verse translation|lang=is
|''Nú hefk mart''
''í miði greipat''
''burar Bors,''
''Búra arfa.''<ref>{{cite web |title=Finnur Jónsson's edition |url=http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/skindex/tblond.html |access-date=2005-07-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306035446/http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/skindex/tblond.html |archive-date=2008-03-06}}</ref>
|
Now have I snatched
much of the mead [made a lot of poetry]
of Buri's heir
Bor's son [Odin]
|attr2=Faulkes' translation
}}

==Notes and citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989). ''Íslensk orðsifjabók''. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.
* [[Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur|Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist]] (transl.) (1916). ''The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson''. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation. ''Available online [https://books.google.com/books?id=_T1cAAAAMAAJ at Google Books]''.
* Eysteinn Björnsson (ed.) (2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080611212105/http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/gg/ ''Snorra-Edda: Formáli & Gylfaginning : Textar fjögurra meginhandrita'']. 
* Faulkes, Anthony (transl.) (1987). ''Edda''. London: J. M. Dent. {{ISBN|0-460-87616-3}}.
* [[Finnur Jónsson]] (1931). ''Lexicon Poeticum''. København: S. L. Møllers Bogtrykkeri.
* Finnur Jónsson (1912–15). ''Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning''. København: Den arnamagnæanske kommission. ''Edition of Þórvaldr's fragments available at https://web.archive.org/web/20080306035446/http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/skindex/tblond.html''.
* [[John Lindow|Lindow, John]] (2001). ''Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs''. [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-19-515382-0}}
* [[Rudolf Simek|Simek, Rudolf]] (2007) translated by Angela Hall. ''Dictionary of Northern Mythology''. [[Boydell & Brewer|D.S. Brewer]]. {{ISBN|0-85991-513-1}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*[https://myndir.uvic.ca/BuR01.html MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository)] Illustrations of Búri from manuscripts and early print books.

{{Norse mythology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buri}}
[[Category:Æsir]]
[[Category:Norse gods]]