Editing Aviv

{{Short description|Hebrew word meaning "spring (the season) "}}
{{otheruses}}
'''Aviv''' ({{langx|he|אביב}}) means "spring (season)" in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=מילון מורפיקס {{!}} אביב באנגלית {{!}} פירוש אביב בעברית |url=https://www.morfix.co.il/%d7%90%d7%91%d7%99%d7%91 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=www.morfix.co.il}}</ref> Aviv is the first month of the year in the [[Pentateuch]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exodus 13:4 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Exodus.13.4?ven=The_Contemporary_Torah,_Jewish_Publication_Society,_2006&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=www.sefaria.org}}</ref> and is later called [[Nisan]] in the book of Esther<ref>{{Cite web |title=Esther 3:7 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Esther.3.7?ven=Tanakh:_The_Holy_Scriptures,_published_by_JPS&lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=www.sefaria.org}}</ref> and in subsequent post-exilic history up to the present day. These names are sometimes used interchangeably, although Aviv refers to the three-month season, and Nisan is called the "first month of Aviv." Aviv is also used as a given name, surname, and place name, as in [[Tel Aviv]].  

==Meanings==
* The basic meaning of the word ''aviv'' is the stage in the growth of [[Cereal|grain]] when the seeds have reached full size and are filled with starch, but have not dried yet. During the plague of hail ([[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] {{Bibleverse-nb||Exodus|9:31|HE}}), the [[barley]] was said to be [in the] ''aviv'' [stage] and the [[flax]] [in the] ''giv`ol''. This resulted in their destruction.
* The month in the [[Hebrew calendar]] when the [[barley]] has reached or passed this stage is called ''Aviv'', or the "month of the ''aviv''".<ref>{{bibleverse||Exodus|13:4;|HE}} {{Bibleverse-nb||Exodus|23:15|HE}}</ref> This month is considered the first month of the ecclesiastical civil year (see [[Hebrew calendar#Months]]).<ref>{{Bibleverse||Exodus|12:1-2|HE}}</ref> It begins about the time of the [[March equinox]] (March 21). Since the [[Babylonian captivity]], this month has mainly been called [[Nisan]].<ref>E.g. {{bibleverse||Nehemiah|2:1,|HE}} {{Bibleverse||Esther|3:7|HE}}</ref> On the “day after the Shabbat” (the 16th of the month of Nissan according to the [[Rabbinical Judaism|rabbis]], and the first Sunday of Passover according to the [[Karaite Judaism|Karaites]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.karaiteinsights.com/article/shavuoth|title=On This Very Day &#124; Karaite Insights &#124; Karaites & Karaism|website=www.karaiteinsights.com|accessdate=August 3, 2019}}</ref>), the harvest was begun by gathering a sheaf of barley for the [[Omer offering]],<ref>{{bibleverse||Lev|23:4-11|HE}}</ref>
[[File:Karaites-searching-for-aviv-barley-at-ain-mabua-israel-2019-03-21.jpg|thumb|Karaites searching for Aviv barley at Ain Mabua, Judean Hills, Israel on 21 March 2019]]
* Abib or Aviv may also be the same star as Spica, the ear of grain in the constellation Virgo/Virgin/Woman.
* "Aviv" in [[modern Hebrew]] accordingly also means [[Spring (season)|spring]], one of the four [[seasons]]. Thus the major modern [[Israel]]i city of [[Tel Aviv]] means "Spring Hill".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/geo/tahist.html |title=From Spring Hill to Independence |access-date=2011-08-01 |archive-date=2016-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422022203/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/geo/tahist.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Since [[Passover]] is always celebrated on 15–21 (or 22 outside Israel) Nisan, near the beginning of spring, "Holiday of ''Aviv''". Pesach or Passover is always on the 14th of Nisan. The first day of Chag ha Matzot or the [[Feast of Unleavened Bread]] is always the day after that, the 15th of Nisan.<ref>Leviticus 23:5,6</ref> {{langx|he|חג האביב|translit=Chag Ha'Aviv}} is an additional name for [[Passover]].

==As a name==
Aviv is a Hebrew male and female name. The feminine version of the name is [[Aviva (given name)|Aviva]].<ref name="Petrovsky" /> Aviv is also an old and uncommon<ref name="Petrovsky">Н. А. Петровский (N. A. Petrovsky). "Словарь русских личных имён" (''Dictionary of Russian First Names''). ООО Издательство "АСТ". Москва, 2005. {{ISBN|5-17-002940-3}}, p.&nbsp;34</ref> [[Russian language|Russian]] Christian male given name "{{lang|ru|Ави́в}}" (''Aviv''), that possibly borrowed from [[Biblical Hebrew]], where it derived from the word ''a<u>b</u>ī<u>b</u>'', meaning ''an [[ear (botany)|ear]]'' or ''a time of year where grains come into ear'',<ref name="Superanskaya1">А. В. Суперанская (A. V. Superanskaya). "Современный словарь личных имён: Сравнение. Происхождение. Написание" (''Modern Dictionary of First Names: Comparison. Origins. Spelling''). Айрис-пресс. Москва, 2005. {{ISBN|5-8112-1399-9}}, p.&nbsp;22</ref> also known as "Aviv" (or [[Nisan]]—the first month of the [[Hebrew calendar]]).<ref name="Superanskaya2">А. В. Суперанская (A. V. Superanskaya). "Словарь русских имён" (''Dictionary of Russian Names''). Издательство Эксмо. Москва, 2005. {{ISBN|5-699-14090-5}}, p.&nbsp;32</ref> The [[diminutive]]s of "Aviv" in Russian are Aviva ({{lang|ru|Ави́ва}}) and Viva ({{lang|ru|Ви́ва}}).<ref name="Petrovsky" /> The [[patronymic]]s derived from "Aviv" are "{{lang|ru|Ави́вович}}" (''Avivovich''; masculine) and "{{lang|ru|Ави́вовна}}" (''Avivovna''; feminine).<ref name="Petrovsky" />
==See also==
* [[Aviv (name)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://abibofgod.com/ Abib of God]
* [https://yrm.org/the-biblical-calendar/ A look at ancient Israel and the harvest cycles related to the abib barley.]
* [http://www.karaite-korner.org/abib.shtml Abib (Barley) in the Hebrew Bible]: a description of the importance of ''aviv'' in the Karaite calendar by the World Karaite Movement
* [http://www.paleotimes.org/abib-barley-report-posted-by-bethel-pennsylvania/ 2011 Aviv Report] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150924063455/http://www.paleotimes.org/march-6-2011-distinguishing-wheat-and-barley/ Update to that entry, showing pictures of aviv barley and how to distinguish wheat from barley]): Aviv Reports added Annually
* {{Eastons}}

[[Category:Hebrew calendar]]
[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases]]