Editing Aubusson, Creuse

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{short description|Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Aubusson
|commune status     = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
|image              = Aubusson vue.JPG
|caption            = A general view of Aubusson
|image coat of arms = Blason Aubusson 23.svg
|arrondissement     = Aubusson
|canton             = Aubusson
|INSEE              = 23008
|postal code        = 23200
|mayor              = Stéphane Ducourtioux<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=30 November 2023|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2023&ndash;2026
|intercommunality   = [[Communauté de communes Creuse Grand Sud|CC Creuse Grand Sud]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|45.957|2.1683|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 512
|elevation min m    = 416
|elevation max m    = 608
|area km2           = 19.21
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Aubusson''' ({{IPA|fr|obysɔ̃|-|Fr-Aubusson.ogg}}; [[Occitan language|Occitan]] [[auvergnat]]: ''Le Buçon'', formerly ''Aubuçon'') is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Creuse]] [[Departments of France|department]] [[Regions of France|region]] in central [[France]].

==Geography==
Aubusson is situated in the southern part of the ''département'', at the confluence of the rivers [[Creuse (river)|Creuse]] and [[Beauze]].  The route nationale N141 goes through the town.

==History==
Local lore previously held that the community was settled by defeated [[Berbers]] following the 8th-century [[Battle of Tours]],<ref>{{Cite EB9|wstitle=Aubusson |volume=3 |page=67}}</ref> but it is now established that Aubusson has existed at least since the [[Gallo-Roman]] period.<ref>Dominique Dussot.  Archeological Map of Gaul - The Creuse.  Academy Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres.  Paris 1989.</ref> The Camp des Châtres, within the town's boundaries, for a long time considered a Roman fort, actually dates back a little further, to the Iron Age.

The town was known as ''Albuciensis'' in 936 and under the name '' Albuconis'' in 1070. The name possibly originates from a name of a man, Albucius <ref>Marcel Villoutreix, The names of places of the Limousin, history of a region, Association des Antiquités Historiques du Limousin, p 61, Dismiss 2002.</ref> Other scholars claim the name is from a [[Celt]]ic word meaning '' craggy''. In the Middle Ages the town was ruled by [[viscount]]s. The vicecomital family also produced a [[troubadour]] named [[Joan d'Aubusson]].

==Tapestry==
[[Image:Aubusson - Fables de La Fontaine 1.JPG|thumb|right|Aubusson tapestry in the [[Musée Nissim de Camondo]], Paris]]
{{Main|Aubusson tapestry}}
Aubusson is well known for its [[tapestry]] and [[carpets]], which have been famous throughout the world since the 14th century. The origins of this craft date to the arrival of weavers from [[Flanders]], who took refuge in Aubusson around 1580. There is a famous collection of Aubusson tapestries at [[Vallon-Pont-d'Arc]]. The style of the tapestries produced has changed through the centuries, from scenes of green landscapes through to hunting scenes. In the 17th century, the Aubusson and Felletin workshops were given "Royal Appointment" status. A downturn in fortunes came after the [[French Revolution]] and the arrival of wallpaper. However, tapestry made something of a comeback during the 1930s, with artists such as Cocteau, Dufy, Dali, Braque, Calder and Picasso being invited to Aubusson to express themselves through the medium of wool. Aubusson tapestry still thrives today, preserving a range of traditional skills. In 1983, ''l’Atelier Raymond Picaud'' chose [[Burhan Doğançay]]'s Ribbon Series as a tapestry subject. [[Coventry cathedral]]'s famous ''Christ in Glory'' tapestry, designed by artist [[Graham Sutherland]], was woven in nearby [[Felletin]]. Installed in 1962, this was the world's largest vertical tapestry up until the 1990s.

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|align = none
|cols = 2
|percentages = pagr
|source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|1704|Aubusson}}</ref> and INSEE (1968–2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-23008#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207232520/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-23008#ancre-POP_T1 |date=7 December 2022 }}, INSEE</ref>
|1793 |4445
|1800 |3460
|1806 |3818
|1821 |4251
|1831 |4847
|1836 |5631
|1841 |5092
|1846 |5436
|1851 |5666
|1856 |6061
|1861 |6003
|1866 |6625
|1872 |6427
|1876 |6847
|1881 |6782
|1886 |6723
|1891 |6672
|1896 |6671
|1901 |7067
|1906 |7015
|1911 |7211
|1921 |6485
|1926 |6324
|1931 |6078
|1936 |5830
|1946 |5512
|1954 |5595
|1962 |5669
|1968 |5934
|1975 |6227
|1982 |5710
|1990 |5097
|1999 |4662
|2007 |4181
|2012 |3699
|2017 |3366
}}

==Sights==

[[Image:France Summer 2008 070.JPG|240px|thumb|The church at Aubusson.]]

[[Image:France Summer 2008 071.JPG|240px|thumb|right|Tabard square, Aubusson.]]

[[Image:Aubusson -Maison des Vallenet -3.JPG|thumb|right|The Vallenet House, Aubusson]]

===Musée Départemental de la Tapisserie===
Created in 1981, the museum exhibits nearly 600 years of tapestry creation and production. This rich collection is composed of 17th, 18th and 19th century tapestries and carpets. As well as works from the museum's own collection, there are also regular exhibitions of tapestries from around the world, showcasing works right up to the present day.

===Centre Culturel Jean Lurcat, Avenue des Lissiers===
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

===Maison du Tapissier===
This is a permanent exhibition that is held in an ancient Creusois house in Aubusson. The interior tells the history and traditions of tapestry as well as showing furniture of the period.

{{clear left}}

===Historical buildings===
* The Clock Tower
* The old town (ancient buildings)
* Sainte-Croix church
* Ruins of the chateau (also called le Chapitre)
* The Vallenet House

==Rulers==
In the medieval period, Aubusson was a [[vicomté]] ([[:fr:vicomté|fr]]) which is similar to the English [[vice-county]]. Its rulers were:
*Ranulf I  ?-934
*Robert I 934-942
*Renaud I 942-958 (son of Ranulf I)
*Ranulf II Cabridel 958-1031
*Ranulf III 1031-1060
*Renaud III 1060-1069
*William I 1069-1106
*Renaud IV  1106-?
*Renaud V The Leper  ?-1185
*Guy I 1185- ?
*Renaud VI  ?-1249
*Ranulf V  1249-c. 1265
*William II (heir) 1263, lord of La Borne, La Feuillade, Monteil-au-Vicomte, Poux, Pintarion and Damoiseau (1317), started a noble line that continued with his son Renaud VIII (1317–1353) and his successors.

Around 1263/1266 the vice-county was sold to the count of [[County of La Marche|La Marche]].

== Notable people ==
* [[Jules Sandeau]] (1811–1883), member of the [[Académie française]]
* [[André Jorrand]] (1921–2007), composer and organist

==International relations==
Aubusson is twinned with:
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Eguisheim]], France
*{{flagicon|NED}} [[Assen]], Netherlands<ref>Jumelage "en sommeil".</ref>

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Aubusson (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present)
|Jan record high C = 21.9
|Feb record high C = 24.4
|Mar record high C = 26.4
|Apr record high C = 28.6
|May record high C = 32.3
|Jun record high C = 38.3
|Jul record high C = 39.6
|Aug record high C = 39.7
|Sep record high C = 37.2
|Oct record high C = 34.0
|Nov record high C = 26.4
|Dec record high C = 19.7
|Jan record low C = -16.1
|Feb record low C = -20.5
|Mar record low C = -21.0
|Apr record low C = -8.2
|May record low C = -2.8
|Jun record low C = -0.8
|Jul record low C = 2.0
|Aug record low C = -0.1
|Sep record low C = -3.0
|Oct record low C = -9.6
|Nov record low C = -14.0
|Dec record low C = -16.0
|Jan high C = 7.4
|Feb high C = 8.5
|Mar high C = 12.3
|Apr high C = 15.1
|May high C = 19.0
|Jun high C = 22.7
|Jul high C = 25.0
|Aug high C = 25.2
|Sep high C = 21.2
|Oct high C = 16.8
|Nov high C = 11.2
|Dec high C = 8.0
| year high C = 16.0
|Jan mean C = 3.1
|Feb mean C = 3.4
|Mar mean C = 6.3
|Apr mean C = 8.7
|May mean C = 12.4
|Jun mean C = 16.0
|Jul mean C = 17.9
|Aug mean C = 17.8
|Sep mean C = 14.1
|Oct mean C = 11.0
|Nov mean C = 6.4
|Dec mean C = 3.7
| year mean C = 10.1
|Jan low C = -1.2
|Feb low C = -1.7
|Mar low C = 0.2
|Apr low C = 2.2
|May low C = 5.8
|Jun low C = 9.3
|Jul low C = 10.8
|Aug low C = 10.4
|Sep low C = 7.0
|Oct low C = 5.2
|Nov low C = 1.5
|Dec low C = -0.6
| year low C = 4.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 73.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 65.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 67.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 87.2
|May precipitation mm = 91.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 85.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 76.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 76.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 77.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 73.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 83.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 81.4
|year precipitation mm = 939.1
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 12.9
| Feb precipitation days = 11.7
| Mar precipitation days = 11.2
| Apr precipitation days = 12.4
| May precipitation days = 12.4
| Jun precipitation days = 9.9
| Jul precipitation days = 8.9
| Aug precipitation days = 8.9
| Sep precipitation days = 9.3
| Oct precipitation days = 11.2
| Nov precipitation days = 12.9
| Dec precipitation days = 13.0
| year precipitation days =134.7
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=23008004
|title=Normales et records pour Aubusson (23) 
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>}}

==See also==
* [[Communes of the Creuse département]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Aubusson (Creuse)}}
{{EB1911 poster|Aubusson}}

*{{cite web |language=fr |url=http://www.ccajl.com/ |title=Site du Théâtre Jean Lurçat - Scène nationale}}
*{{cite web |language=fr |url=http://www.cg23.fr/MUSEE_DE_LA_TAPISSERIE/MuseeTapisserie.htm |title=Site du Musée de la Tapisserie |access-date=2007-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519114951/http://www.cg23.fr/MUSEE_DE_LA_TAPISSERIE/MuseeTapisserie.htm |archive-date=2007-05-19 |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web|language=fr |url=http://www.aubusson.evous.fr |title=Site sur la ville aujourd'hui |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027071350/http://aubusson.evous.fr/ |archive-date=2007-10-27 }}
*{{cite web |language=fr |url=http://www.ville-aubusson.com/ |title=Site de la ville}}
*{{cite web|language=fr |url=http://www.saintrapt.com/aubusson |title=Site sur le passé de la ville |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118112415/http://www.saintrapt.com/aubusson/ |archive-date=2007-11-18 }}
*{{cite web|language=fr |url=http://www.quid.fr/communes.html?mode=detail&id=20053&req=Aubusson |title=Aubusson on Quid website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930215853/http://www.quid.fr/communes.html?mode=detail&id=20053&req=Aubusson |archive-date=2007-09-30 }}
*{{cite web |language=fr |url=http://www.orgue-aubusson.org/ |title=Website of the Association Les Amis de l'Orgue d'Aubusson}}

{{Creuse communes}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Creuse]]
[[Category:Subprefectures in France]]
[[Category:County of La Marche]]