Editing Askham Richard

{{Short description|Village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| static_image_name        = Askham Richard.jpg
| static_image_caption     = Askham Richard
| coordinates              = {{coord|53.925|-1.185|display=inline,title}}
| official_name            = Askham Richard
| population               = 351
| population_ref           = (2011)
| unitary_england          = [[City of York]]
| lieutenancy_england      = [[North Yorkshire]]
| region                   = Yorkshire and the Humber
| constituency_westminster = [[York Outer (UK Parliament constituency)|York Outer]]
| post_town                = YORK
| postcode_district        = YO23
| postcode_area            = YO
| dial_code                = 01904
| os_grid_reference        = SE536480
}}
'''Askham Richard''' is a village and [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[unitary authority]] of [[City of York]] in the north of England, {{convert|6.5|mi}} south-west of [[York]], close to [[Copmanthorpe]], [[Bilbrough]] and [[Askham Bryan]]. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 351.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11120175&c=Askham+Richard&d=16&e=62&g=6383000&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1455807261750&enc=1|title=Civil parish population 2011|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics|accessdate=18 February 2016|archive-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329052612/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11120175&c=Askham+Richard&d=16&e=62&g=6383000&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1455807261750&enc=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> The village became a [[Conservation Area]] in 1975. Nearby is [[Askham Bryan College]] of Agriculture.

The village was historically part of the [[West Riding of Yorkshire]] until 1974. It was then a part of the district of [[Selby District]] in [[North Yorkshire]] from 1974 until 1996. Since 1996 it has been part of the City of York unitary authority.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History of Askham Richard, in York and West Riding {{!}} Map and description|url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/11227|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=28 November 2020|website=www.visionofbritain.org.uk}}</ref>

==History==
The village is mentioned in the ''[[Domesday Book]]''. The name comes from ''ascam'' or ''ascha'' meaning "enclosure of ash-tree". It has been also known as "Little" or "West" Askham".<ref name="Origin of Name">{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50766|title=Origin of Name|accessdate=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=11227|title=Village Name|accessdate=4 December 2010}}</ref> The "Richard" in the village name is reputed to be that of [[Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshire-england.co.uk/PlaceNameMeaningsAtoD.html|title=Village name|accessdate=4 December 2010}}</ref>

Before the Conquest the villages of Askham Richard and nearby Askham Bryan were one manor belonging to Edwin, Earl of Mercia. When Edwin's lands were confiscated by William the Conqueror, the village was granted to Roger de Mowbray who then passed the Manor to his friend, William de Tykhill, a former Warden of Foss Bridge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkarchaeology.co.uk/bridgemasters/glossary.pdf|title=Nobility|accessdate=6 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719154052/http://www.yorkarchaeology.co.uk/bridgemasters/glossary.pdf|archive-date=19 July 2011|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="Bulmers"/>

==Governance==
Askham Richard lies in the [[Rural West York]] Ward of the City of York Unitary Authority. It is a part of the UK Parliamentary Constituency of [[York Outer (UK Parliament constituency)|York Outer]].

==Demography==
In 1848, parish records show the population as 232.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50766|title=Population 1848|accessdate=4 December 2010}}</ref> In 1881, the National Census showed the population as 226.<ref name="Bulmers">{{cite book|title=Bulmer's Topography, History and Directory (Private and Commercial) of North Yorkshire 1890 |date=2002|orig-date=1890|publisher= S&N Publishing|page=863|isbn= 1-86150-299-0}}</ref> According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 273. The 2011 census recorded the population as 351.<ref>{{NOMIS2011|id=1170211381|title=Silverdale Parish|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref>

==Geography==
The village consists of one main street, where the main [[village green]] and [[duck pond]] are located, and a couple of small lanes. The soil consists of gravel and clay.<ref name="Origin of Name"/>

The village is 1.7 miles west of [[Askham Bryan]], 2.3 miles south of [[Rufforth]], 1.5 miles north-east of [[Bilbrough]].

==Economy==
Within the village is [[Askham Grange (HM Prison)|Her Majesty's Prison Askham Grange]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmprisonservice.gov.uk/prisoninformation/locateaprison/prison.asp?id=230,15,2,15,230,0|title=Askham Grange Prison|publisher=H.M.Prison|accessdate=4 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015121508/http://www.hmprisonservice.gov.uk/prisoninformation/locateaprison/prison.asp?id=230,15,2,15,230,0|archive-date=15 October 2010|url-status = dead}}</ref> Also in the village is the Rose and Crown [[pub]]. There are three farms, but the remainder are dwellings. The nearby Askham Bryan College of Agriculture and Horticulture provides some local employment.

==Transport==
York Pullman serves the village 2/3 times a day (Monday-Saturday) in each direction on service 37 which runs between Tadcaster to York.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.yorkpullmanbus.co.uk/local-bus/route-37|title=Bus Service for route 37|accessdate=28 January 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
Primary education is catered for at [[St. Mary]] [[Church of England]] primary school. Nearby is Askham Bryan College of Agriculture and Horticulture. The college was originally known as the Yorkshire Institute of Agriculture, which opened in 1948. It became Askham Bryan College of Agriculture and Horticulture 19 years later. It now includes equine management, animal management, land management, business, food production, engineering and bioscience.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askham-bryan.ac.uk/about_the_college|title=Education|accessdate=6 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325054453/http://www.askham-bryan.ac.uk/about_the_college|archive-date=25 March 2008|url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Religious sites==
[[St Mary's Church, Askham Richard|St Mary's Church]] is Grade II* listed.<ref name="NHLE">{{National Heritage List for England| num=1316686 |desc=Church of St Mary |grade=II* |accessdate=24 September 2015}}</ref> There is record of a church here from 1086<ref name="Bulmers"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/search/county/site/ed-yw-askri.html|title=Church|accessdate=4 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009152102/http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/search/county/site/ed-yw-askri.html|archive-date=9 October 2012|url-status = dead}}</ref>
but most of the existing building dates from 1887, a simple Victorian design with no tower (it has a bellcote). The rebuilding however retained some fabric of the earlier church, notably the porch doorway (much restored), with two orders of colonettes and zig-zag pattern across the roll moulding. This fits with a late 11th century date for the original church. It is one of a local group of churches with Norman doorways (see [[Ainsty]]). At nearby St Nicholas [[Askham Bryan]] the door has similar motifs (leaves in the teeth of the zigzags) and may well have been made by the same hands. The doorway to the church, as opposed to the porch, is less grand but also late C11th, and there is an unusually plain west doorway of comparable age.<ref>Pevsner, N. et al. The Buildings of England: North Yorkshire, Penguin, 1959, rev.ed. 1967, pp.85-86</ref>

== Notable people ==

[[Mary Flora Bell]] lived and worked here for a while. She also spent some time at the [[HM Prison Askham Grange]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1430771/Mary-Bell-a-woman-still-on-the-run-from-herself.html|title=Mary Bell, a woman still on the run from herself|work=Telegraph|accessdate=28 January 2022}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
| title  = Views of Askham Richard
| width  = 160
| height = 140
|File:Askham Richard Village Centre - geograph.org.uk - 178939.jpg|Askham Richard Village Centre
|File:Askham Richard village pond - geograph.org.uk - 187986.jpg|Askham Richard village pond
|File:Askham Richard, St Mary's Church - geograph.org.uk - 229574.jpg|Askham Richard, St Mary's Church; the cricketer  [[Archibald Fargus]] was vicar here in 1913.
|File:Askham Grange Manor.jpg|H.M. Prison Askham Grange
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Askham Richard}}
* {{OpenDomesday|SE5348|askham-richard|Askham &#91;Richard&#93;}}
*{{Genuki|county=ARY|Askham Richard|Askhamrichard|}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in the City of York]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in North Yorkshire]]