Editing Aschaffenburg

{{For|the districts of the same name|Aschaffenburg (district)|Aschaffenburg (electoral district)}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox German place
| type        = Stadt
| image_photo = Aschaffenburger Schloss, edit.jpg
| image_caption = [[Schloss Johannisburg]] on the river [[Main (river)|Main]]
| image_flag = Flagge Aschaffenburg.svg
| image_coa  = DEU Aschaffenburg COA.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|49|58|N|9|09|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| image_plan =
| state      = Bayern
| region     = Lower Franconia
| district   = Kreisfreie Stadt
| elevation  = 138
| area       = 62.45
| postal_code = 63739–63743
| area_code  = 06021, 06028 (Obernau)
| licence    = AB
| Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 6 61 000
| divisions  = 10 districts
| website    = [https://www.aschaffenburg.de/ www.aschaffenburg.de]
| mayor      = Jürgen Herzing<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der Oberbürgermeister in den kreisfreien Städten], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref>
|leader_term       = 2020&ndash;26
| Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
| party      = SPD
}}
[[File:Bavaria AB (town).svg|thumb|Aschaffenburg in Bavaria]]
'''Aschaffenburg''' ({{IPA|de|aˈʃafn̩bʊʁk|-|De-Aschaffenburg.ogg}}; [[Hessian dialects|Hessian]]: ''Aschebersch'', {{IPA|all|ˈaʒəˌbɛːʃ|pron}}) is a town in northwest [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. The town of Aschaffenburg, despite being its administrative seat, is not part of the [[Aschaffenburg (district)|district of Aschaffenburg]].

Aschaffenburg belonged to the [[Archbishopric of Mainz]] for more than 800 years. The town is located at the westernmost border of [[Lower Franconia]] and separated from the central and eastern part of the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' (administrative region) by the [[Spessart]] hills, whereas it opens towards the [[Frankfurt/Rhine-Main|Rhine-Main plain]] in the west and the north-west. Therefore, the inhabitants speak neither [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] nor [[East Franconian German|East Franconian]] but rather a local version of [[Rhine Franconian]].

== Geography ==
=== Location ===
The town is located on both sides of the [[Main (river)|Main]] in north-west [[Bavaria]], bordering to [[Hesse]]. On a federal scale it is part of central [[Germany]], just {{convert|41|km|mi|sp=us}} southeast of [[Frankfurt am Main]]. In the western part of the [[municipality]], the smaller [[Aschaff]] flows into the Main. The region is also known as ''Bayerischer Untermain'' ("Bavarian Lower Main").

=== Climate ===
The climate is continental, typically with warm, dry summers and cold, damp winters. Aschaffenburg usually receives less snowfall during the winter than the nearby [[Spessart]].

=== Subdivision ===
[[File:Österreicher Denkmal Aschaffenburg (2005).jpg|thumb|upright|Austrian memorial in the ''Österreicher Kolonie'']]

Aschaffenburg comprises 10 ''[[Ortsteil|Stadtteile]]'':

* Damm
* Gailbach
* Leider
* Nilkheim
* Obernau
* ''Obernauer Kolonie'' (Obernauer Colony)
* ''Österreicher Kolonie'' (Austrian Colony)
* Schweinheim
* ''Stadtmitte'' (town center)
* Strietwald

Nilkheim and Leider are the only ''Stadtteile'' that are located on the left bank of the river Main.

=== Neighbouring communities ===
The following municipalities border Aschaffenburg (clockwise, from the north): [[Johannesberg, Bavaria|Johannesberg]], [[Glattbach]], [[Goldbach, Bavaria|Goldbach]], [[Haibach, Lower Franconia|Haibach]], [[Bessenbach]], [[Sulzbach am Main]], [[Niedernberg]], [[Großostheim]], [[Stockstadt am Main]] and [[Mainaschaff]].

== History ==
=== Etymology ===
The name ''Aschaffenburg'' (''Ascaffaburc'', ''Ascapha'' or ''Ascaphaburg'' in the Middle Ages) originally meant "castle at the ash tree river" deriving from the river ''Aschaff'' that runs through parts of the town.

===Pre-history to Middle Ages===
[[File:Aschaffenburg, die Sankt Peter und Alexander Kirche DmD-6-61-000-293 poging2 foto10 2016-08-08 20.18.jpg|thumb|''[[St. Peter und Alexander (Aschaffenburg)|Kollegiatstift St. Peter und Alexander]]'']]

The earliest remains of settlements in the area of Aschaffenburg date from the [[Stone Age]].

Aschaffenburg was originally a settlement of the [[Alamanni]]. [[Roman legion]]s were stationed here. In c. 700 AD, the ''[[Ravenna Cosmography]]'' names two settlements in region: ''Uburzis'' ([[Würzburg]]) and ''Ascapha'' (Aschaffenburg).<ref name="Dumont">{{cite book|last=Dettelbacher|first=Werner|title=Franken - Kunst, Geschichte und Landschaft (German)|publisher=Dumont Verlag|year=1974|isbn=3-7701-0746-2}}</ref>{{rp|69}}

Around 550, the area had been conquered by the [[Franks]], and their [[mayor of the palace|''Hausmeier'']] built a castle here. In the 8th century, a [[Benedictine]] monastery was founded, dedicated to St. Michael, reportedly by [[Saint Boniface]]. This became the ''[[St. Peter und Alexander (Aschaffenburg)|Kollegiatstift St. Peter und Alexander]]'' in the second half of the 10th century (957). In 869, King [[Louis the Younger]] married [[Liutgard of Saxony (died 885)|Liutgard of Saxony]] at Aschaffenburg. She also died here in 885 and was later laid to rest with her daughter Hildegard in the ''Stiftskirche''. ''Ascaffinburg'' is mentioned first in 974 in a gift document by [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]], in which he gave several villages including [[Wertheim am Main]] and a stretch of forest in the Spessart to the collegiate church.<ref name="Dumont"/>{{rp|69}}<ref name="Zeitreise">{{cite book|last1=Schumacher|first1=Karin|last2=Schumacher |first2=Hans-Jürgen|title=Zeitreise durch den Spessart (German)|publisher=Wartberg Verlag|year=2003|isbn=3-8313-1075-0}}</ref>{{rp|56}}

In the [[Middle Ages]] the town was known as ''Ascaffaburc'', ''Ascapha'' or ''Ascaphaburg''. A stone bridge over the Main was reportedly built by Archbishop [[Willigis]] in 989, who also made the town his second residence. The town (referred to in 975 as a ''civitas'') was part of the [[Archbishopric of Mainz]] from 982, when [[Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria|Duke Otto]] died. A ''Vizedom'' is mentioned for the first time in 1122 as the top local representative of the Archbishop. In 1292 a synod was held here, and in 1447 an [[Reichstag (Holy Roman Empire)|imperial diet]], preliminary to that of [[Vienna]], approved a concordat (sometimes called the ''Aschaffenburg Concordat''). In the [[German Peasants' War]] (1525), the town backed the losing side.<ref name=Brit>"Aschaffenburg" in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|The New Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Chicago: [[Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.]], 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 617.</ref><ref name="Zeitreise"/>{{rp|56–7}}

=== Modern times through 19th century ===
In 1552, the late-[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] castle of Johannisburg was destroyed. It was replaced in 1605-14 by the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] ''[[Schloss Johannisburg]]''.<ref name="Zeitreise"/>{{rp|57}} The town suffered greatly during the [[Thirty Years' War]], being held in turn by the various belligerents. During the [[Battle of Dettingen]] (1743), which took place to the north, the town was occupied by French troops. It formed part of the electorate of the [[Archbishop of Mainz]], and in 1803 was made over to Archbishop [[Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg|Karl Theodor von Dalberg]] as the [[Principality of Aschaffenburg]].
[[File:Aschaffenburg Merian.jpg|thumb|260px|Aschaffenburg, by [[Matthäus Merian]]]]

Aschaffenburg was the site of the "{{Interlanguage link|Forstliche Hochschule Aschaffenburg|de|3=Royal Bavarian Central Forest Academy}}" (''Königlich Bayerische Centralforstlehranstalt''), established in 1807, "made famous by the researches of Professor Dr [[Ernst Ebermayer]]." The academy was "dissolved in 1832, but re-organized under the Ministry of Finance in 1874"; and, as "of 30th March, 1874, united to the [[University of Munich]]."<ref>[http://www21.us.archive.org/stream/technicalinstruc00unit/technicalinstruc00unit_djvu.txt Barnard, Henry. 1870. "Technical instruction. Special report of the Commissioner of Education." United States House of Representatives, January 19.] Accessed: May 7, 2012.</ref>

In 1810, the Principality of Aschaffenburg was merged into the new [[Grand Duchy of Frankfurt]] although Dalberg retained Aschaffenburg as his residence. In 1814, the town was transferred to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] by an Austrian-Bavarian treaty. In 1817 it was included within Bavarian [[Lower Franconia]]. From 1840 to 1848, King [[Ludwig I of Bavaria]] had a Roman villa built to the west of town. It was named ''[[Pompejanum]]'' after its model, the house of [[Castor and Polydeuces|Castor and Pollux]] at [[Pompeii]].<ref name=Flyer>{{cite web|url=http://www.schloesser.bayern.de/deutsch/service/infomat/screen-pdf/aschaffenburg_engl.pdf |title=Aschaffenburg - Johannisburg Palace|publisher=Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen|access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=WS>{{cite web|url=http://www.schloesser.bayern.de/englisch/palace/objects/as_pom.htm |title=Pompeiianum|publisher=Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen|access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>

During the [[Austro-Prussian War]], the [[Prussian Army]] inflicted a severe defeat on the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]] near Aschaffenburg in the [[Battle of Frohnhofen]] on 13 July 1866.<ref>[[Theodor Fontane]], ''Der deutsche Krieg von 1866''. 2. Band: ''Der Feldzug in West- und Mitteldeutschland.'' Berlin 1871, pp. 162–171 [https://books.google.com/books?id=k1APAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA162 Google Books]</ref>

=== World War II ===
In [[World War II]], Aschaffenburg was heavily damaged by Allied [[strategic bombing during World War II|area bombing]], including [[Schloss Johannisburg]], which was completely restored several years later. The German military chose to defend Aschaffenburg strongly during the last weeks of the war, which resulted in the [[Battle of Aschaffenburg (1945)|Battle of Aschaffenburg]] fought 28 March – 3 April 1945. The U.S. [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|45th Infantry Division]] was forced to take the fortified town against stiff German resistance in a series of frontal assaults that involved house-to-house fighting and vicious close combat. The resulting widespread urban destruction was quite severe, as cannon fire was used point-blank to blast through structures.<ref>Stanton, Shelby, ''World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946'' (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 134-135</ref>

=== Aschaffenburg displaced persons camps ===
At the end of World War II, the [[United States Army]] occupied military facilities that had been used and controlled by the [[Wehrmacht]]. These were converted for use by U.S. military personnel as processing centres for [[displaced persons]] at the end of the war.<ref name="usarmygermany">[http://usarmygermany.com/USAREUR_City_Aschaffenburg.htm U.S. ARMY INSTALLATIONS - ASCHAFFENBURG]</ref> From 1945 7,000 [[Ukrainians]] were accommodated in four [[displaced persons camp]]s:<ref>'Ашаффенбурґ', ''Енциклопедія українознавства'' ("[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]") Vol. І, p. 77</ref>

* ''Artillerie Kaserne''&nbsp;— approx. 2,000 people (1945–1949)<ref>''Artillerie Kaserne'', Sälzerweg, Aschaffenburg {{coord|49|57|48.18|N|9|10|22.89|E|type:landmark_region:DE}}</ref>
* ''Bois Brulé Kaserne''&nbsp;— 1,500 people (1946–1949)<ref>''Bois Brulé Kaserne'', Würzburger Strasse, Aschaffenburg {{coord|49|57|48.32|N|9|10|38|E|type:landmark_region:DE}}</ref>
* ''LaGarde Kaserne''&nbsp;— 1,700 people (1945–1949)<ref>''LaGarde Kaserne'', Würzburger Strasse, Aschaffenburg {{coord|49|58|1.02|N|9|9|57.75|E|type:landmark_region:DE}}</ref>
* ''Pionier Kaserne''&nbsp;— 2,000 people (1946–1949)<ref>''Pionier Kaserne'', Schweinheimer Strasse, Aschaffenburg {{coord|49|57|59.06|N|9|9|33.61|E|type:landmark_region:DE}}</ref>

Two other camps, ''Alte (old) Kaserne'' and ''Jäger Kaserne'' housed mainly [[Polish people|Poles]] and [[Lithuanians]].<ref>[http://www.dpcamps.org/aschaffenburg.html DP Camps in Aschaffenburg]</ref>{{better source needed|date=November 2013}}

=== Post-war development ===
In the decades following the war, Aschaffenburg and the surrounding region experienced robust economic prosperity, partially due to its close proximity to [[Frankfurt am Main]].
[[File:Civilians clearing the streets of Aschaffenburg.jpg|thumb|Civilians clearing away the rubble, 3 April 1945]]

According to an online 2002 survey in ''[[Stern (magazine)|Stern]]'' magazine, [Stern 14/2002], 82 percent of residents living in the ''Bayerischer Untermain'' region where Aschaffenburg is located were satisfied with the place where they lived. This was the highest level recorded in the survey, making the region the #1 place to live in Germany, based on several factors including employment opportunities in the region, educational facilities, public services, transportation, recreational options, shopping, cultural facilities/events, climate, etc.

Another survey taken in 2006 by McKinsey, ''Stern'' magazine, [[ZDF]], and web.de again showed that Aschaffenburg has one of the highest ratings for quality of life in Germany.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}

In January 2025, two people were killed in the [[2025 Aschaffenburg stabbing]],  a knife attack by an Afghan asylum seeker in the Schöntal park.<ref>{{cite web |title=L’Allemagne connaît sa troisième attaque au couteau mortelle en six mois |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/l-allemagne-connait-sa-troisieme-attaque-au-couteau-mortelle-en-six-mois-20250122 |website=Figaro |publisher=Figaro |access-date=22 January 2025}}</ref>

=== U.S. military presence (1945–2007) ===
Aschaffenburg was the location of several United States Army installations throughout the [[Cold War]]. After initially taking over the administration of the ex-Wehrmacht installations, which were then used as displaced persons camps, the American presence in the Aschaffenburg military community began after general renovations in 1948.<ref name="usarmygermany"/> The installation sites were known as ''Ready Kaserne'' (previously ''Artillerie Kaserne''), ''Smith Kaserne'' (previously ''LaGarde Kaserne''), ''Graves Kaserne'' (previously ''Bois Brulé Kaserne''), ''Fiori Kaserne'' (previously ''Pionier Kaserne''), and ''Jaeger Kaserne'' (previously ''Jäger Kaserne''). These housed armour, infantry, engineer, maintenance and artillery elements of the U.S. Army 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division and various VII Corps elements including the 9th Engineer Battalion, the 3rd Bn 21st Field Artillery (Honest John), and the 1st Bn 80th Field Artillery (LANCE). Much of the U.S. Army presence in Aschaffenburg ended in 1992 with the ending of the Cold War. The last buildings, which were primarily used for housing, were handed back to the local government in 2007.

== Demographics ==
[[File:Aschaffenburg Schloss 2005-12-10a.jpg|thumb|Schloss Johannisburg reflected in the river [[Main (river)|Main]] at night]]

=== Population ===
{| border="0"
| valign="top" |

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Population
|-
| 1900 || align="right" | 18,093
|-
| 1910 || align="right" | 29,892
|-
| 1925 || align="right" | 34,056
|-
| 1939 || align="right" | 45,379
|-
| 1945 || align="right" | 30,861
|-
| 1946 || align="right" | 36,383
|-
| 1950 || align="right" | 45,499
|-
|}

| valign="top" |

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Population
|-
| 1961 || align="right" | 54,131
|-
| 1970 || align="right" | 55,193
|-
| 1980 || align="right" | 59,257
|-
| 1987 || align="right" | 60,964
|-
| 1990 || align="right" | 64,098<ref name="ABDemographics">[http://www.aschaffenburg.de/wDeutsch/verwaltung/zahlen/Praesentation_Bevoelkerung.pdf Bevölkerungsentwicklung in der Stadt Aschaffenburg (PDF)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218053226/http://www.aschaffenburg.de/wDeutsch/verwaltung/zahlen/Praesentation_Bevoelkerung.pdf |date=December 18, 2008 }}</ref>
|-
| 1995 || align="right" | 66,360<ref name="ABDemographics"/>
|-
| 2000 || align="right" | 67,592<ref name="ABDemographics"/>
|}

| valign="top" |

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Population
|-
| 2003 || align="right" | 68,607<ref name="ABDemographics"/>
|-
| 2007 || align="right" | 68,646<ref name="ABDemographics"/>
|-
| 2010 || align="right" | 68,648<ref>[https://www.statistikdaten.bayern.de/genesis/online/logon 2010-09-30]</ref>
|-
| 2015 || align="right" | 68,986<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statistikdaten.bayern.de/genesis/online?sequenz=tabelleErgebnis&selectionname=12411-001 | title=Federal Statistical Office Germany - GENESIS-Online | date=17 August 2022 }}</ref>
|}

|}

=== Age distribution of the population (as of 2007) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Age
! Population
|-
| 0-19 || align="right" | 13,888<ref name="ABDemographics"/>
|-
| 20-39 || align="right" | 19,505<ref name="ABDemographics"/>
|-
| 40-59 || align="right" | 18,951<ref name="ABDemographics"/>
|-
| 60+ || align="right" | 16,556<ref name="ABDemographics"/>
|}

==Governance==
===Lord Mayors===
* Wilhelm Matt (1872–1936) (BVP) (1904–1933)
* Wilhelm Wohlgemuth (1900–1978) (NSDAP) (1933–1945)
* Jean Stock (1893–1965) (SPD) (1945)
* Vinzenz Schwind (1910–1974) (1945–1970)
* [[Willi Reiland]] (1933–2015) (SPD) (1970–2000)
* Klaus Herzog (born 1951) (SPD) (2000–2020)
* Jürgen Herzing (born 1960) (SPD) (since 2020)

==Economy==
In 2017 (latest data available) the [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] per inhabitant was €69,928. This places the district 9th out of 96 districts (rural and urban) in Bavaria (overall average: €46,698).<ref name="Stat2">{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik-bw.de/VGRdL/tbls/RV2014/R2B1.zip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184359/https://www.statistik-bw.de/VGRdL/tbls/RV2014/R2B1.zip|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 8, 2018|title=VGR der Länder, Kreisergebnisse für Deutschland - Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung in den kreisfreien Städten und Landkreisen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2000 bis 2017 (German)|publisher=Statistische Ämter der Länder und des Bundes|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>

Well-known companies in Aschaffenburg are (e.g.): {{Interlanguage link|Linde Material Handling|de}}, [[Linde Hydraulics]], Joyson Safety Systems (former [[Petri AG]]) and part of {{Interlanguage link|Joyson Electronics|de}} as well as [[DPDgroup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aschaffenburg.de/de/Wirtschaft/Wirtschaftsstandort/Unternehmen_am_Standort_Aschaffenburg/normal/eaf/index.html|title= Companies in Aschaffenburg}}</ref>

=== Shopping ===
The ''City Galerie'', opened in 1974 and located in the central part of the city, is the largest shopping mall in northern Bavaria. It was one of the first indoor shopping malls in Germany. Aschaffenburg also has a pedestrian shopping zone closed to motor vehicles, except for deliveries.

== Politics ==
Aschaffenburg is part of the [[Aschaffenburg (electoral district)|Aschaffenburg constituency]] for elections to the [[Bundestag]].

==Arts and culture==
=== Cultural events ===
Aschaffenburg hosts numerous festivals, fairs, exhibitions, markets and concerts throughout the year including the annual ''Stadtfest'', held on the last weekend in August.

=== Theaters and entertainment venues ===
* ''Colos-Saal'', a live-music club
* ''Erthaltheater''
* ''f.a.n. Frankenstolz Arena'' (formerly ''Unterfrankenhalle'')
* ''Kabarett im Hofgarten''
* ''Ludwigstheater''
* Stadthalle am Schloss
* ''Stadttheater'' (town theater)
* ''Zimmertheater''.

=== Museums and galleries ===
* ''Stiftsmuseum''
* ''[[Naturwissenschaftlichen Museum Aschaffenburg|Naturwissenschaftliches Museum Aschaffenburg]]''
* ''Gentilhaus''
* ''KunstLANDing''
* ''Städtische Galerie "Kunsthalle Jesuitenkirche"''
* ''Neuer Kunstverein Aschaffenburg''
* ''Künstlerhaus Walter Helm''
* ''Christian Schad Museum'' (opened in May 2018)<ref>[http://www.christian-schad-museum.de/?page_id=702 Homepage Christian Schad Museum]</ref>

=== Archaeological Spessart Projekt ===
The Archeological Spessart Project is a registered association, whose mission is to research and communicate facts about the cultural landscape of the Spessart. The organisation works closely with various universities and research institutes in a variety of scientific projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.spessartprojekt.de/spessartprojekt/das-archaeologische-spessartprojekt-ein-profil |title=Spessartprojekt: Ein Profil |trans-title=Spessart-Project: a profile |website=Spessartprojekt |access-date=2023-03-13}}</ref>

=== Library and archive===
* ''Stadtbibliothek Aschaffenburg'' (Aschaffenburg town library)
* ''Stadt- und Stiftsarchiv Aschaffenburg'' (Aschaffenburg town archive)

=== Cinemas ===
* ''Kinopolis'', a modern multiplex cinema 
* ''Casino''

=== Recreation ===
A large recreational complex is located in the ''Stadtteil'' of Leider. It includes an indoor and outdoor swimming pool complex as well as an indoor ice rink and tennis courts, which are open to the general public. There's also a marina on the [[Main (river)|Main]] between the Willigis and Adenauer bridges.

=== Streetwear ===
The first Aschaffenburg Baseball Snapback was created by Tim Field in 2014.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

== Attractions ==
[[File:Schönbusch6.jpg|thumb|320px|right|Schloss Schönbusch in Schönbusch Park]]

===Sights===
The main sights of Aschaffenburg are the [[Schloss Johannisburg]], built 1605–1614 by Archbishop [[Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg]], which contains a library with a number of [[incunabulum|incunabula]], a collection of engravings and paintings; the [[Pompejanum]], a replica of a Roman town house discovered in [[Pompeii]] commissioned by King Ludwig I. and opened in 1850; the [[St. Peter und Alexander (Aschaffenburg)|St. Peter und Alexander]] [[collegiate church]], founded in the second half of the 10th century, but dating in the main from the early 12th century on, in which are preserved various monuments by the [[Vischer Family of Nuremberg|Vischers]], a sarcophagus with the relics of [[Margaret the Virgin|Saint Margaret]], and a painting by [[Matthias Grünewald]]; the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] hospital; a theatre, which was formerly a house of the [[Teutonic Knights|Teutonic Order]]; several mansions of the nobility; and the historical old town. Across the river are the Park and Schloss [[Schönbusch (Aschaffenburg)|Schönbusch]].

The graves of [[Clemens Brentano]] and his brother [[Christian Brentano]] (died 1851) and that of [[Wilhelm Heinse]] can be found in the ''Altstadtfriedhof'' (Old Town Cemetery).<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Aschaffenburg |volume=2 |page=720}}</ref>

=== Parks ===
Aschaffenburg has numerous parks including the following:

* ''Schönbusch Park'', located in Nilkheim 
* ''Schöntal Park'', located in the town center
* ''Aschaffenburger Schlossgarten'', around ''Schloss Johannisburg''
* ''Kleine Schönbuschallee''

== Sports ==
=== Football ===
[[Viktoria Aschaffenburg]] is the primary football club. The club was formed on 24 June 1904 out of the merger of FC Aschaffenburg (6 August 1901) and FC Viktoria Aschaffenburg (12 April 1902). It was renamed Sportverein Viktoria 01 Aschaffenburg on 3 June 1906. Their homefield is Stadion am Schönbusch (Schönbusch stadium), a modern stadium located in Nilkheim.

=== American football ===
In 1991, the Aschaffenburg Stallions began playing [[American football]] at Schönbusch stadium. A [[cheerleader]] squad also exists.

=== Baseball and softball ===
Aschaffenburg is also home to the Aschaffenburg Mohawks Baseball and Softball team. The softball team won the 2010 German Championship. The adult baseball team won the 2011 Landesliga South Championship and will play in the highest league of the state Hessen in 2012.

==Infrastructure==
=== Transport ===

==== Roads ====
Aschaffenburg is located on [[Bundesautobahn 3]] between [[Frankfurt am Main]] and [[Würzburg]]. The southern terminus of [[Bundesautobahn 45]] is located just west of the town. Bundesstrasse B 26 passes through the town. Bundestrasse B 8 used to pass through Aschaffenburg, but has now been rerouted along the [[Bundesautobahn 3]]. Three road bridges cross the river [[Main (river)|Main]] at Aschaffenburg: [[Friedrich Ebert]] Bridge (a new span opened in 2008), Willigis Bridge and [[Konrad Adenauer]] Bridge. In the 1980s, a road tunnel was constructed under the Schlossplatz to improve traffic flow through the ''Stadtmitte'' (town center).

After 43 years of planning and construction, the limited-access ''Innenstadtring'' or "inner-town-ring" road was completed in July 2013. It allows motorists to bypass the ''Stadtmitte'' (town center) and reduces traffic congestion in Aschaffenburg, which has been a problem in recent years. Another road project called ''Bahnparallele'' is currently under construction, with a small section already opened. It is located in the ''Stadtteil'' of Damm and runs parallel to the railway tracks.

==== Parking ====
There are approximately 7,500 parking spaces in the ten ''Stadtteile'' of Aschaffenburg and eight public parking garages.

===== Public transport =====
Aschaffenburg has a comprehensive bus network serving the town and surrounding region. The 15 main bus lines which serve the ''Stadtteile'' of Aschaffenburg are run by ''[[Stadtwerke Aschaffenburg]]''. There are several other bus lines which link Aschaffenburg with the surrounding region. Those lines are run by other companies, including the [[Deutsche Bahn]]. A new regional bus terminal opened in 2008, adjacent to the [[Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof]] (main railway station). The ''Regionale Omnibusbahnhof Aschaffenburg (ROB)'' was built to consolidate all of the scattered bus stops in the area around the main railway station into one central location and reduce traffic congestion in the area.

==== Railway stations and stops ====
* ''[[Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof]]/Aschaffenburg Central Station'' - The station has long-distance [[InterCityExpress]] and [[InterCity]] services as well as regional connections to neighboring towns and cities. A new, larger station building opened in 2011, replacing a smaller structure built in the 1950s.
* ''Aschaffenburg-Hochschule/University of Applied Sciences'' - The stop, located near Würzburger Straße, opened in 2007 to accommodate students attending nearby schools. It is positioned between Aschaffenburg Hauptbahnhof and Aschaffenburg-Süd/South. There is only a single track platform.
* ''Aschaffenburg-Süd/South''
* ''Obernau''
* ''Schönbusch-Nilkheim'' - The station closed when passenger service on the "Bachgaubahn" railway line ended in 1974.
* ''Leider'' - Freight railway terminal close to Aschaffenburg's port on the [[Main (river)|Main]]. There is no passenger service.
All passenger train service is provided by the [[Deutsche Bahn]].

==== Harbor ====
Aschaffenburg has an active port along the Main in the ''Stadtteil'' of Leider. There is railway access to the port. In 2005, 2.8 million tons of cargo passed through the port.

==== Airports ====
A small [[general aviation]] airport (''Flugplatz Aschaffenburg'', ICAO-Code: EDFC) is located in nearby [[Großostheim]]. [[Frankfurt Airport]] is located {{convert|46|km|mi|sp=us}} from Aschaffenburg and offers flights to destinations all over the world. The trip to and from the airport takes about 30 minutes by car or approximately 45 minutes by [[InterCityExpress]] train.

=== Medical ===
The three primary medical centers in Aschaffenburg are:
* ''Klinikum Aschaffenburg'', the main hospital
* ''Hofgartenklinik''
* ''Frauenklinik am Ziegelberg''

There are approximately 789 hospital beds, 159 doctors, 68 dentists and 38 pharmacies in the ''Stadtteile'' of Aschaffenburg.

== Education ==
There are various types of schools in Aschaffenburg serving approximately 18,000 students from the town and surrounding region.

=== University ===
{{Interlanguage link|Hochschule Aschaffenburg|de}} is a university of applied sciences (or ''Fachhochschule'').

== Media ==
=== Printed media ===
* ''Main-Echo'', Aschaffenburg-based newspaper published daily except Sunday. This is the main newspaper for Aschaffenburg and the surrounding region. It was first published on 24 November 1945, replacing "Aschaffenburger Zeitung". It has a daily circulation of approximately 200,000 readers. 
* ''Prima Sonntag'', newspaper published only on Sunday
* ''FRIZZ Das Magazin'', culture/scene magazine
* ''Brot & Spiele'', culture magazine
* ''Szene Magazin''

=== Radio and television ===
* Radio Primavera 
* Radio Galaxy
* Main.tv - Das Primavera Fernsehen, Aschaffenburg programming

=== Internet ===
* www.main.tv - video-Website for Aschaffenburg (city and regional)
* Kommweichei.com e.V., the community and party scene in Aschaffenburg
* MainReporter.de - portal for Aschaffenburg (city and regional)
* abscene.de | Newgae magazine
* ABhörn, online Magazine
* Main-netz.de, news and community information for the region

==Notable people==
===Before 1900===
[[File:1904 Hefner-Alteneck.jpg|thumb|150px|Hefner-Alteneck]]
*[[Daniel Brendel von Homburg]] (1523–1582), Archbishop of Mainz from 1555 to 1582
*[[Martin Baldwin Kittel]] (1798–1885), professor of Aschaffenburg Hochschule from 1831 to 1871
*[[Johann Joseph Scherer]] (1814–1869), chemist
*[[Joseph von Lindwurm]] (1824–1874), physician and dermatologist
*[[Lujo Brentano]] (1844–1931), economist and social reformer
*[[Friedrich von Hefner-Alteneck]] (1845–1904), electrical engineer
*[[Joseph Anton Schneiderfranken]] (1876–1943), painter and author
*[[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]] (1880–1938), expressionist painter and printmaker
*[[Friedrich Dessauer]] (1881–1963), physicist, philosopher, socially engaged entrepreneur and journalist
*[[Hans Schmidt (priest)|Hans Schmidt]] (1881–1916), priest executed for murder in the United States
*[[Alfons Maria Jakob]] (1884–1931), neurologist and neuropathologist
*[[Otto Gentil]] (1892–1969), painter and sculptor

===1900 to 1959===
[[File:Konrad Adenauer - 7. CDU-Bundesparteitag-kasf0033.JPG|thumb|150px|Hanns Seidel (left) in 1957 with Konrad Adenauer (right) CDU party convention]]
*[[Hanns Seidel]] (1901–1961), politician and Bavarian prime minister from 1957 to 1960
*[[Inge Viermetz]] (1908–1997), official and defendant at the Nuremberg Trials
*[[Guido Dessauer]] (1915–2012), physicist, business executive, art collector, patron of arts and academic
*[[Peter Gingold]] (1916–2006), figure in the German Resistance and the National Committee for a Free Germany
*[[Wilfried Hofmann]] (1931–2020), diplomat and author
*[[Adalbert Kraus]] (born 1937), tenor
*[[Felix Magath]] (born 1953), football player and manager
*[[Rudi Bommer]] (born 1957), football player and manager

===From 1960===
*[[Urban Priol]] (born 1961), cabaret artist and comedian
*[[Winfried Bausback]] (born 1965), politician
*[[Burkard Schliessmann]], classical pianist and concert artist
*[[Christian Hock]] (born 1970), football player and manager
*[[Carlos Boozer]] (born 1981), American basketball player
*[[Sabine Englert]] (born 1981), handball player
*[[Marcel Schäfer]] (born 1984), footballer
*[[José Holebas]] (born 1984), Greek footballer
*[[Demond Greene]] (born 1981), German basketballer
*[[Markus Neumayr]] (born 1986), footballer
*[[Ivo Iličević]] (born 1986), Croatian footballer
*[[Daria Kinzer]] (born 1988), Austrian-Croatian singer who represented [[Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011]]
*[[Patrick Amrhein]] (born 1989), footballer
*[[Paul Hill (rugby union)|Paul Hill]] (born 1995), English rugby union player

===Notable residents===
[[File:Alois Alzheimer 003.jpg|thumb|150px|Alois Alzheimer]]
[[File:E. Erlenmeyer ca 1863.jpg|thumb|150px|Emil Erlenmeyer around 1863]]
*[[Willigis]] (940–1011), Archbishop of Mainz
*[[Diether von Isenburg]] (1412–1482), Elector and Archbishop of Mainz
*[[Dietrich Schenk von Erbach]] (?–1459), Archbishop of Mainz
*[[Mathis Gothart-Nithart]] (c. 1475–1528), Renaissance painter of religious works
*[[Wolfgang von Dalberg]] (1538–1601), Archbishop of Mainz
*[[Johann Adam von Bicken]] (1564–1604), Archbishop of Mainz
*[[Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg|Johann Schweikard von Kronberg]] (1553–1626), Archbishop of Mainz, commissioned the [[Schloss Johannisburg]]
*[[Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal]] (1719–1802), prince-elector and archbishop of Mainz
*[[Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg]] (1744–1817), Archbishop-Elector of Mainz, Arch-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of [[Principality of Regensburg|Regensburg]]
*[[Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse]] (1746–1803), author
*[[Clemens Brentano]] (1778–1842), poet and novelist
*[[Franz Bopp]] (1791–1867), linguist
*[[Emil Erlenmeyer]] (1825–1909), chemist
*[[Alois Alzheimer]] (1864–1915), psychiatrist and neuropathologist
*[[Ludwig Thoma]] (1867–1921), author, publisher and editor, studied forestry in Aschaffenburg
*[[Christian Schad]] (1894–1982), painter
*{{Interlanguage link|Hugo Karpf|de}} (1895–1994), politician (CSU), unionist, member of [[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|Reichstag]] and [[Bundestag]]
*[[Alfons Goppel]] (1905–1991), politician (CSU) and Prime Minister of Bavaria
*[[Ernst Lehner]] (1912–1986), footballer
*[[Guido Knopp]] (born 1948), journalist and author
*[[Otto Becker (equestrian)|Otto Becker]] (born 1958), show jumping champion

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Aschaffenburg is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte|url=https://www.aschaffenburg.de/Kultur-und-Tourismus/Partnerstaedte/DE_index_3885.html|website=aschaffenburg.de|publisher=Aschaffenburg|language=de|access-date=2020-11-04}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], Scotland, United Kingdom (1956)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], France (1975)
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Miskolc]], Hungary (1996)

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Aschaffenburg}}
{{commons category|Aschaffenburg}}
* [https://www.aschaffenburg.de/ Municipal website] (German, English, French, Hebrew, Italian, Russian)
* [https://www.h-ab.de/ University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301021519/https://www.h-ab.de/ |date=2018-03-01 }}

{{Germany districts Bavaria}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aschaffenburg| ]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Main basin]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Germany]]
[[Category:Urban districts of Bavaria]]
[[Category:Lower Franconia]]