Editing Arundel Castle

{{Short description|Castle in West Sussex, England}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox building
| name             = Arundel Castle
| image            = 1 castle arundel aerial pano 2017.jpg
| image_alt        = 
| caption          = Aerial panorama of the castle and its surroundings
| owner            = [[Duke of Norfolk]]
| location         = [[Arundel]], [[West Sussex]]
| location_country = England
| coordinates      = {{coord|50|51|22|N|0|33|13|W|type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| website          = {{url|https://www.arundelcastle.org}}
| embedded         =
{{Infobox historic site
| embed        = yes
| designation1 = UK Grade I
| designation1_offname = 
| designation1_date = 26 March 1949
| designation1_number = 1027926<ref name=NHLE/>
}}
}}
'''Arundel Castle''' is a restored and remodelled medieval castle in [[Arundel]], [[West Sussex]], England. It was established by Roger de Montgomery in the 11th century. The castle was damaged in the [[English Civil War]] and then restored in the 18th and early 19th centuries by [[Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.historyextra.com/visit/arundel-castle-west-sussex|title=Arundel Castle, West Sussex|work=History Extra|access-date=12 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> Further restoration and embellishment was undertaken from the 1890s by [[Charles Alban Buckler]] for the 15th Duke.<ref name=NHLE/>

Since the 11th century, the castle has been the seat of the [[Earl of Arundel|Earls of Arundel]] and the [[Duke of Norfolk|Dukes of Norfolk]]. It is a [[Grade I]] [[listed building]].<ref name=NHLE>{{NHLE|num=1027926|desc=Arundel Castle|access-date=2 December 2007}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Arms of the Duke of Norfolk.svg|thumb|Arms of the Duke of Norfolk]]

The original structure was a [[motte-and-bailey castle]]. [[Roger de Montgomery]] was declared the first [[Earl of Arundel]] as the King granted him the property as part of a much larger package of hundreds of manors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk/south_east/arundel_castle.html|title=Arundel Castle|website=www.castlesfortsbattles.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> Roger, who was a cousin of [[William the Conqueror]], had stayed in Normandy to keep the peace there while William was away in England. He was rewarded for his loyalty with extensive lands in the [[Welsh Marches]] and across the country, together with one fifth of Sussex (Arundel Rape). He began work on Arundel Castle in around 1067.<ref name=bho>{{cite web|first1=A. P.|last1= Baggs|first2= H. M.|last2= Warne|title= 'Arundel', in A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 5 Part 1, Arundel Rape: South-Western Part, Including Arundel, ed. T P Hudson |location=London|year= 1997|pages=10–101|publisher=British History Online |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/sussex/vol5/pt1/pp10-101 |access-date= 27 April 2022}}</ref>

Between 1101 and 1102 the castle was besieged by the forces of [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] after its holder [[Robert of Bellême]] rebelled.<ref name=CSG /> The siege ended with the castle surrendering to the king.<ref name=CSG>{{cite journal |date=2006 |title= Arundel Castle |url=http://www.castlestudiesgroup.org.uk/Arundel.PDF |journal=The Castle Studies Group Bulletin |volume=19 |pages=9-23 |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> The castle then passed to [[Adeliza of Louvain]] (who had previously been married to [[Henry I of England|Henry I]]) and her husband [[William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel|William d'Aubigny]]. [[Empress Matilda]] stayed in the castle, in 1139.<ref name=bho/> It then passed down the d'Aubigny line until the death of [[Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel]] in 1243.<ref name=bho/> [[John Fitzalan (1223–1267)|John Fitzalan]] then inherited ''[[jure matris]]'' the castle and honour of Arundel, by which, according to [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]'s "admission" of 1433, he was later retrospectively held to have become ''[[de jure]]'' Earl of Arundel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/completepeerageo01coka#page/239/mode/1up |title=The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom : extant, extinct, or dormant |date= |access-date=2013-05-10  |pages=Volume 1, 239 and 231, as corrected by Vol. 14, p.&nbsp;38}}</ref>

The FitzAlan male line ceased on the death of [[Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel]], whose daughter and heiress [[Mary FitzAlan]] married [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]] in 1555, to whose descendants the castle and earldom passed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/MaryFitzalan(DNorfolk).htm|title= Mary FitzAlan, Ducchess of Norfolk|publisher=Tudor Place|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>

In 1643, during the [[First English Civil War]], the castle was [[Siege of Arundel|besieged]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arundelcastle.org/resources/press/51-173.10.03.14%20Civil%20War%20Action%20at%20Arundel%20Castle.pdf |title=Civil War Action at Arundel Castle English Civil War event on 5–6 April 2014 |date=10 April 2014 |website=arundelcastle.org |access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref> The 800 [[royalists]] inside surrendered after 18 days. Afterwards in 1653 Parliament ordered the [[slighting]] of the castle; however "weather probably destroyed more".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Castle Studies Group|title=Arundel Castle Review|journal=Castle Studies Group Bulletin|volume=19|year=2006|page=8|url=http://www.castlestudiesgroup.org.uk/Arundel.PDF}}</ref>

Although the castle remained in the hands of the Howard family over the succeeding centuries, it was not their favourite residence, and the various [[Duke of Norfolk|Dukes of Norfolk]] invested their time and energy into improving other ducal estates, including [[Norfolk House]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|title='St. James's Square: No 31, Norfolk House', in Survey of London: Volumes 29 and 30, St James Westminster, Part 1|first= F. H. W.|last= Sheppard |location=London|year=1960|pages=187–202|publisher=British History Online |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols29-30/pt1/pp187-202 |access-date= 27 April 2022}}</ref> [[Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk]], was known for his restoration work and improvements to the castle beginning in 1787.<ref name=bho/> The [[folly]] that still stands on the hill above Swanbourne Lake was commissioned by and built for the Duke by [[Francis Hiorne]] at this time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/heritage-and-retro/retro/hiorne-tower-sheer-folly-or-is-it-283680|title=Hiorne Tower '" sheer folly, or is it?|date=19 January 2018|newspaper=Sussex World| access-date= 27 April 2022}}</ref>

In 1846, [[Queen Victoria]] and her husband, [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]], visited Arundel Castle for three days. [[Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk]], internally remodelled the castle in time for her visit. The architectural firm responsible for design of the furniture was named Morant. The work included a suite of six rooms, built on the second floor of the south-east range at this time.<ref name=bho/>

[[File:Arundel Castle, from, A series of picturesque views of seats of the noblemen and gentlemen of Great Britain and Ireland (1840).jpg|thumb|right|The 19th-century embellishments had not been completed when this picture was published in 1880.]]
After the 1846 royal visit the [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk|15th Duke]] began re-structuring the castle again from 1875 to 1905. The work, which was done to the designs of [[Charles Alban Buckler]] and undertaken by [[Rattee and Kett]] of Cambridge, was completed in the late 19th century.<ref>J. A. Hilton, [https://www.theheraldrysociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Hilton-Coat-of-Arms-2018-1.pdf English Catholic Heraldry Since Toleration, 1778–2010], ''The Coat of Arms: The Journal of the Heraldry Society'', Series 4, Volume 1, Number 235, 2018, pp. 86–109.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capturingcambridge.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/0035d.pdf|title=Rattee and Kett|publisher=Capturing Cambridge|access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref> The [[Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk|16th Duke]] had planned to give the castle to the [[National Trust]] but following his death in 1975 the [[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk|17th Duke]] cancelled the plan. He created an independent charitable trust to guarantee the castle's future, and oversaw restoration works.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Duke of Norfolk profile|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=26 June 2002|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1398385/The-Duke-of-Norfolk.html|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>

The gardens had received significant improvements by early 2020 through the efforts of head gardener Martin Duncan and his crew. A horticulturalist and landscape designer, Duncan has been working at the Castle since 2009; in 2018, he received the Kew Guild Medal. The gardeners and volunteers "have worked wonders with their bold and innovative plantings", according to an April 2020 report by ''[[Country Life (magazine)|Country Life]]''. Their most recent efforts led to a  wild water garden around the medieval friary ponds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.countrylife.co.uk/gardens/country-gardens-and-gardening-tips/arundel-castle-gardens-sometimes-a-garden-catches-you-unawares-the-thought-keeps-recurring-ive-never-seen-anything-like-this-before-213872 |title=Arundel Castle Gardens: 'Sometimes, a garden catches you unawares… the thought keeps recurring: I've never seen anything like this before.' |date=7 April 2020 |publisher=Country Life |access-date=7 April 2020 }}</ref>

== The Collector's Earl Garden ==
[[File:Arundel Palace Gardens - Sussex.jpg|thumb|The dancing crown fountain inside Oberon’s Palace at Collector Earl’s Garden, Arundel Castle]]
Designed by [[Isabel Bannerman|Isabel]] and [[Julian Bannerman]], The Collector's Earl Garden was opened in 2008 by [[Charles III|Charles, Prince of Wales]] as a tribute to Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel, known as ‘The Collector’. The garden's centerpiece, Oberon's Palace, is a stunning pavilion that features a shellwork grotto and a fountain that supports a golden corona when the water spurts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatgardensoftheworld.com/gardens/arundel-castle/|title=Arundel Castle|website=Great Gardens of the World}}</ref>

==Cricket==
The cricket field in the castle grounds has, since 1895, seen matches involving teams from local youths to international sides.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/4748218/Talking-Cricket-Barclay-opens-up-Arundel-for-the-people.html Barclay opens up Arundel for the people], ''The Daily Telegraph''; accessed 19 April 2016.</ref>

==Other events==
* On 14 October 1651, Captain Morley, who held the Castle for Parliament, while out hunting, almost captured Charles II and Colonel Phillips. Charles II was on the run for his life at the time, fleeing from the Royalist defeat at Worcester. His party managed to just stay clear of Morley's party by dismounting as if to descend the hill more easily, thereby letting Morley's group run past them. (See Gounter, Last Act, p.&nbsp;12.<ref>{{cite book |first=George |last=Gounter |url=https://archive.org/details/lastactinmiracul00goun |title=The last act in the miraculous story of His Majesty King Charles the Second's escape out of the reach of his tyrannical enemies |year=1873 |publisher=J, R, Smith}}</ref>)
* The visit of [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]] (1846)<ref name=bho/>
* The opening of the Collector Earl's Garden 14 May 2008 by [[Charles III|Charles, then Prince of Wales]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/prince-of-wales-to-open-garden-at-arundel-castle-2429543|title=Prince of Wales to open garden at Arundel Castle|date=30 April 2008|newspaper=Sussex World|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>
* On Friday 21 May 2021 there was a break-in. A set of "irreplaceable" [[Jewels of Mary, Queen of Scots#Scented pomander beads and the rosary|gold rosary beads]] carried by [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], to her execution in 1587 were among items stolen. Other items taken included coronation cups given by monarchs to the Earl Marshal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/may/24/mary-queen-of-scots-rosary-beads-stolen-in-1m-raid-on-arundel-castle|title=Mary Queen of Scots' rosary beads stolen in £1m raid on Arundel castle|work=The Guardian|date=24 May 2021|accessdate=24 May 2021}}</ref>

==Filming location==
Arundel Castle has been used as a filming location for several television and film productions. The BBC filmed extensively at the castle and its grounds in 1988 for the ''[[Doctor Who]]'' serial ''[[Silver Nemesis]]'', where it doubled for [[Windsor Castle]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Moreton|first1=Cole|title=Doctor Who's Britain: 50 years of out-of-this-world locations|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/doctor-who/10467371/Doctor-Whos-Britain-50-years-of-out-of-this-world-locations.html|access-date=13 February 2017|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=22 November 2013}}</ref> It also doubled for Windsor Castle in the 1994 film ''[[The Madness of King George]]''.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Olivia Edward | author2=Genevieve Cortinovis | author3=James Eggleton |title=MTV England|year=2007|page=257|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0764587733}}</ref> Arundel Castle was also a location for the 2009 film ''[[The Young Victoria]]'',<ref>{{cite news | url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/4344459/The-Young-Victoria-we-were-amused.html | title= The Young Victoria: we were amused
 | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Chloe | last=Fox | date=4 February 2009 | access-date=11 July 2017}}</ref> and the 2017 film [[Wonder Woman (2017 film)|''Wonder Woman'']].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.whtimes.co.uk/things-to-do/wonder-woman-movies-filming-locations-6884492|title=Wonder Woman's filming links to the county|date=10 January 2021|newspaper=Welwyn Hatfield Times|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>

==In literature==
In [[Thomas Malory]]'s epic ''[[Morte D'Arthur]]'', Arundel Castle is the castle of Anglides, the mother of Alisander le Orphelin.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.heroofcamelot.com/docs/Le-Morte-dArthur.pdf|title= Le Morte d'Arthur
|first= Sir Thomas|last= Malory|page=415|publisher=William Caxton|year=1485}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Arundel Castle and town 1644.gif|Arundel Castle and town in 1644
File:Arundel Mill and Castle ).jpg|''[[Arundel Mill and Castle]]'' by [[John Constable]], 1837
File:ArundelCastleWall.jpg|Junction of the old and new walls
File:Arundel Castle - motte and quadrangle, England (18 April 2006).jpg|View of Arundel Castle's Norman motte with the quadrangle in the foreground
File:Arundel Castle -West Sussex, England-12Aug2007.jpg|Courtyard
File:Arundel Castle from the Arun Valley line.jpg|Arundel Castle from the [[Arun Valley line]].
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Arundel Museum]], close to the castle entrance
* [[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland]]
* [[List of castles in England]]
* [[Anne Arundell]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Arundel Castle}}
* [http://www.arundelcastle.org/ Arundel Castle – Official Website]
* [https://www.castlesandmanorhouses.com/page.php?key=arundel%20castle Arundel Castle]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100329161358/http://www.arundelcastle.org/_pages/02_gardens.htm The Collector Earl's Garden at Arundel Castle]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Arun District]]
[[Category:Howard family (English aristocracy)|+]]
[[Category:Castles in West Sussex]]
[[Category:Gardens in West Sussex]]
[[Category:Houses in West Sussex]]
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in West Sussex]]
[[Category:Grade I listed castles]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in West Sussex]]
[[Category:History of West Sussex]]
[[Category:Decorative arts museums in England]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in West Sussex]]
[[Category:Arundel|Castle]]
[[Category:Motte-and-bailey castles]]