Editing Artistic License

{{Short description|Series of free software licenses}}
{{About|the software license|the artistic concept|Artistic license|the album by Santi Debriano|Artistic License (album)}}
{{distinguish|Free Art License}}
{{Infobox software license
| name            = Artistic License
| author          = [[The Perl Foundation]]
| version         = 2.0
| copyright       = The Perl Foundation
| date            = ?
| spdx            = Artistic-1.0<br />Artistic-1.0-cl8<br />Artistic-1.0-Perl<br />Artistic-2.0<br />ClArtistic
| OSI approved    = Yes (both)
| Debian approved = Yes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wiki.debian.org/DFSGLicenses#TheArtisticLicense|title=DFSG Licenses{{snd}}The DFSG and Software Licenses |work=Debian Wiki|access-date=November 28, 2010}}</ref>
| Free Software   = 1.0 No (Yes, for Clarified Artistic License), 2.0 Yes
| GPL compatible  = 1.0 No (Yes, for Clarified Artistic License), 2.0 Yes
| copyleft        = No<ref>{{cite web|url=http://osdir.com/ml/licenses.open-source.general/2007-03/msg00055.html|title=Re: For Approval: Artistic License 2.0: msg#00055|date=March 14, 2007|access-date=July 11, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228154514/http://osdir.com/ml/licenses.open-source.general/2007-03/msg00055.html|archive-date=December 28, 2011}}</ref>
| linking         = Yes
}}
The '''Artistic License''' is an [[open-source license]] used for certain [[free and open-source software]] packages, most notably the standard implementation of the [[Perl|Perl programming language]] and most [[CPAN]] modules, which are [[dual-licensed]] under the Artistic License and the [[GNU General Public License]] (GPL).

== History ==

=== Artistic License 1.0 ===
The original Artistic License was written by [[Larry Wall]]. The name of the license is a reference to the concept of [[artistic license]].

Whether or not the original Artistic License is a [[free software license]] is largely unsettled. The [[Free Software Foundation]] explicitly called the original Artistic License a non-free license,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/common-distros.html |title=Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation |publisher=Free Software Foundation |access-date=2013-01-27|quote=...&nbsp;it permits software released under the original Artistic License to be included, even though that's a nonfree license.}}</ref> criticizing it as being "too vague; some passages are too clever for their own good, and their meaning is not clear".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#NonFreeSoftwareLicense |title=Various Licenses and Comments about Them - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) |publisher=Fsf.org |access-date=2010-08-07| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100724023833/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html| archive-date= 24 July 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The FSF recommended that the license not be used on its own, but approved the common AL/GPL [[dual-licensing]] approach for Perl projects.

In response to this, [[Bradley Kuhn]], who later worked for the Free Software Foundation, made a minimal redraft to clarify the ambiguous passages. This was released as the '''Clarified Artistic License''' and was approved by the FSF. It is used by the [[Paros Proxy]], the [[Dataflow programming|JavaFBP toolkit]] and [[NcFTP]].

The terms of the Artistic License 1.0 were at issue in ''[[Jacobsen v. Katzer]]'' in the initial 2009 ruling by the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of California]] declared that [[FOSS]]-like licenses could only be enforced through [[contract law]] rather than through [[copyright law]], in contexts where contract damages would be difficult to establish.<ref>[http://lawandlifesiliconvalley.blogspot.com/2007/08/new-open-source-legal-decision-jacobsen.html New Open Source Legal Decision: Jacobsen & Katzer and How Model Train Software Will Have an Important Effect on Open Source Licensing], Radcliffe, Mark (Law & Life: Silicon Valley) (2007-08-22)</ref>  On appeal, a [[United States court of appeals|federal appellate court]] "determined that the terms of the Artistic License are enforceable copyright conditions".<ref>[http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/images/stories/opinions-orders/08-1001.pdf Opinion, Jacobsen v. Katzer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304135243/http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/images/stories/opinions-orders/08-1001.pdf |date=2011-03-04 }}, United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (2008-08-13)</ref> The case was remanded to the District Court, which did not apply the superior court's criteria on the grounds that, in the interim, the governing Supreme Court precedent applicable to the case had changed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/20091534609cbfsupp2d92511455|title=Robert JACOBSEN, Plaintiff, v. Matthew KATZER and Kamind Associates, Inc., Defendants.|last=United States District Court, N.D. California.|date=2009-01-05|access-date=2019-07-11}}</ref>  However, this left undisturbed the finding that a free and open-source license nonetheless has economic value.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Menon|first=Yamini|date=Spring 2011|title=Jacobsen Revisted: Conditions and the Future of Open-Source Software Licenses|url=http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1054/6WJLTA311.pdf?sequence=3|journal=Washington Journal of Law, Technology and Arts|volume=6|issue=4|pages=311–357}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsgr.com/WSGR/Display.aspx?SectionName=publications/PDFSearch/wsgralert_jacobsen_katzer.htm|title=WSGR ALERT: Settlement Reached in Important Open Source Copyright Infringement Case|last=WSGR ALERT|date=2010-02-23|access-date=2019-07-11}}</ref> Jacobsen ultimately prevailed in 2010, and the Case established a new standard making terms and conditions under Artistic License 1.0 enforceable through copyright statutes and relevant precedents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12602/1/McDonagh%20-%20FOSS.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12602/1/McDonagh%20-%20FOSS.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=McDonagh, L. (2013). Copyright, Contract and FOSS. In: N. Shemtov & I. Walden (Eds.), Free and Open Source Software. (pp. 69-108). OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199680498|access-date=2019-07-11}}</ref>

=== Artistic License 2.0 ===
In response to the [[Request for Comments]] (RFC) process for improving the licensing position for [[Raku (programming language)|Raku]], Kuhn's draft was extensively rewritten by [[Roberta Cairney]] and [[Allison Randal]] for readability and legal clarity, with input from the Perl community. This resulted in the '''Artistic License 2.0''', which has been approved as both a [[free software]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#ArtisticLicense2 |title=Various Licenses and Comments about Them - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) |publisher=Fsf.org |access-date=2010-08-07| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100724023833/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html| archive-date= 24 July 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> and [[Open-source license|open source]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nabble.com/License-Committee-Report-for-May-2007-tf3872801.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930024228/http://www.nabble.com/License-Committee-Report-for-May-2007-tf3872801.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-09-30 |title=Old Nabble - License Committee Report for May 2007 |publisher=Nabble.com |access-date=2010-03-18}}</ref> license.

The Artistic license 2.0 is also notable for its excellent [[license compatibility]] with other FOSS licenses due to a [[Software relicensing|relicensing]] clause, a property other licenses like the GPL lack.<ref>[https://www.theperlreview.com/Interviews/allison-randal-artistic-license.html Interview with Allison Randal about Artistic License 2.0] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905151027/https://www.theperlreview.com/Interviews/allison-randal-artistic-license.html |date=September 5, 2015 }} on www.theperlreview.com</ref>
{{Blockquote|You may Distribute your Modified Version as Source (either gratis or for a Distributor Fee, and with or without a Compiled form of the Modified Version) [...] provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
[...]
(c) allow anyone who receives a copy of the Modified Version to make the Source form of the Modified Version available to others under

(i) the Original License or

(ii) '''a license''' that permits the licensee to freely copy, modify and redistribute the Modified Version using the same licensing terms that apply to the copy that the licensee received, and requires that the Source form of the Modified Version, and of any works derived from it, be made freely available in that license fees are prohibited but Distributor Fees are allowed.}}
It has been adopted by some of the [[Raku (programming language)|Raku implementations]], the [[Mojolicious]] framework and the [[Npm (software)|NPM]]. It is also used by the [[SNEeSe]] [[emulator]], which was formerly licensed under the Clarified Artistic License.

The [[Open Source Initiative|OSI]] recommends that all developers and projects licensing their products with the Artistic License adopt Artistic License 2.0.<ref>
{{cite web
 |url         = http://opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license-1.0.php
 |title       = The Artistic License:Licensing
 |publisher   = Open Source Initiative
 |date        = October 31, 2006
 |access-date  = March 18, 2009
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090324061628/http://www.opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license-1.0.php
 |archive-date = 24 March 2009
 |url-status     = dead
}}
</ref>

== See also ==
*[[:Category:Software using the Artistic license|Software using the Artistic license (category)]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* Version 1.0
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20121016115951/http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_1_0 The Artistic License]{{snd}}The original Artistic License 1.0, the one which is still used by Perl and CPAN; They use a disjunction of the Artistic License 1.0 and the GNU GPL for Perl 5 and above.
** [http://www.ncftp.com/ncftp/doc/LICENSE.txt The Clarified Artistic License]
* Version 2.0
** [http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0 The Artistic License 2.0]{{snd}}It's e.g. used by Parrot.
** [http://dev.perl.org/rfc/346.html 2.0 revision RFC process]
* Prominent uses
** [http://crepuscule.sourceforge.net/ Dusk]{{snd}}The first online Novel and Blog written under Artistic License 2.0.
** {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080610044848/http://perlbuzz.com/2008/02/rem-releases-videos-under-artistic-license-20.html "R.E.M releases videos under Artistic License 2.0]}}{{snd}}Is about [[R.E.M.]]'s choice of the Artistic License 2.0 for videos from one of their albums.

{{FOSS}}

[[Category:Free and open-source software licenses]]