Editing Artesia, New Mexico

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Artesia, New Mexico
| settlement_type                 = [[City]]
| nickname                        = City of Champions
| motto                           = 
| image_skyline                   = Artesia New Mexico City Hall.jpg
| image_caption                   = Artesia City Hall
| image_flag                      = 
| image_seal                      = Artesia NM city seal.png
| image_map                       = Eddy_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Artesia_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                         = 250px
| map_caption                     = Location in the state of [[New Mexico]]
| pushpin_map                     = New Mexico#USA#North America
| pushpin_label                   = Artesia
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in New Mexico
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_type1               = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]]
| subdivision_name                = United States
| subdivision_name1               = [[New Mexico]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Eddy County, New Mexico|Eddy]]
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name                     = 
Jon Henry
| established_title               = Founded
| established_date                = 1905
| area_total_sq_mi                = 11.37
| area_total_km2                  = 29.43
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 11.33
| area_land_km2                   = 29.35
| area_water_sq_mi                = 0.03
| area_water_km2                  = 0.09
| population_as_of                = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_total                = 12875
| population_metro                = 
| population_density_km2          = 438.73
| population_density_sq_mi        = 1136.26
| timezone                        = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]]
| utc_offset                      = &minus;7
| timezone_DST                    = [[Mountain Daylight Time|MDT]]
| utc_offset_DST                  = &minus;6
| coordinates                     = {{coord|32|50|32|N|104|24|12|W|region:US-NM_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft                    = 3379
| postal_code_type                = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code                     = 88210-88211
| area_code                       = [[Area code 575|575]]
| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info                      = 35-05220
| blank1_name                     = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info                     = 0885911<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|885911}}</ref>
| website                         = {{URL|www.artesianm.gov}}
| footnotes                       = 
| pop_est_as_of                   = 
| pop_est_footnotes               = 
| population_est                  = 
| unit_pref                       = Imperial
| official_name                   = 
|area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='35'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
}}

'''Artesia''' is a city in [[Eddy County, New Mexico|Eddy County]], [[New Mexico]], centered at the intersection of [[U.S. Route 82 in New Mexico|U.S. routes 82]] and [[U.S. Route 285 in New Mexico|285]]; the two highways serve as the city's Main Street and First Street, respectively. As of the [[United States 2020 Census|2020 census]], the city population was 12,875.<ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>

==History==
The town assumed its present name in 1903, after the discovery of an [[artesian aquifer]] in the area; artesian wells for agriculture flourished in the area until the aquifer became significantly depleted in the 1920s. The city was officially incorporated in 1905. It is home to one of the two [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)|Strangite]] meeting places in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER DAY SAINTS (STRANGITE)|url=https://www.ldsstrangite.com/history.html|website=ldsstrangite.com|access-date=February 18, 2018}}</ref>

==Geography==
Artesia is located in northern Eddy County. US 82 leads east {{convert|64|mi}} to [[Lovington, New Mexico|Lovington]] and west {{convert|110|mi}} to [[Alamogordo, New Mexico|Alamogordo]], while US 285 leads north {{convert|40|mi}} to [[Roswell, New Mexico|Roswell]] and south {{convert|36|mi}} to [[Carlsbad, New Mexico|Carlsbad]], the Eddy County seat.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Artesia has a total area of {{convert|25.7|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|0.05|sqkm|order=flip|2}}, or 0.21%, is covered by water.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3505220| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Artesia city, New Mexico| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=February 17, 2016}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

The [[Pecos River]] is approximately {{convert|4|mi|0}} east of Artesia.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1910= 1883
|1920= 1115
|1930= 2427
|1940= 4071
|1950= 8244
|1960= 12000
|1970= 10315
|1980= 10385
|1990= 10610
|2000= 10692
|2010= 11301
|2020= 12875
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:35&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, 10,692 people, 4,080 households, and 2,896 families resided in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,341.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The 4,593 housing units averaged 576.2 per square mile (222.5/km<sup>2</sup>). The [[Race (United States Census)|racial makeup]] of the city was 72.25% White, 1.54% Native American, 1.44% African American, 0.20% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 21.56% from other races, and 2.86% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 44.98% of the population.

Of the 4,080 households, 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were not families. About 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the city, the population was distributed as 30.3% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,529, and for a family was $34,598. Males had a median income of $30,085 versus $19,566 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,911. About 15.7% of families and 20.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 24.8% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==
{{more footnotes needed|section|date=January 2011}}
The principal economic activities which support Artesia are the oil and gas industry, agriculture, and dairy. Prominent local oil and gas businesses include Wilbanks Trucking Services, EOG Resources, Mack Energy Corporation, and Marbob Energy Corp.<ref name="RWM-3">{{Cite web|title=Artesia, the Little City that Could|publisher=Roswell Web Magazine|issue=3|url=http://roswellwebmagazine.com/page.php?15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630183811/http://roswellwebmagazine.com/page.php?15|archive-date=June 30, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=June 30, 2014}}</ref> In the fall of 2010, Concho Resources acquired most of Marbob Energy Corp's assets for nearly $1.6&nbsp;billion. [[HF Sinclair Corporation|HFSinclair Corporation]] also operates the Navajo Refinery, the largest refinery in New Mexico, at the corner of 1st and Main Street.

Artesia is home to the former [[Abo Elementary School]], identified by ''One Nation Underground'' ({{ISBN|0-8147-7522-5}}) as the first and most likely only public school which is entirely underground and equipped to function as a [[fallout shelter]]. The school, completed in 1962, had a [[concrete slab]] roof which served as the school's playground. It contained a large storage facility with room for supplies for 2000 people in the event of [[nuclear warfare]]. The building was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1999 and is located at 1802 W Centre Ave.

The city has one of the few residential training sites of the [[Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers]], mostly for the [[United States Border Patrol]], [[Bureau of Indian Affairs Police|BIA Police]], and the [[Federal Air Marshal Service|US Air Marshals]]. The center is located on the former campus of the [[College of Artesia]], which operated from 1966 to 1971.

Artesia has a [[high-voltage direct current]] back-to-back station which connects the eastern and western electric grids in Eddy County. This tie, built by [[General Electric]] in 1983, can transfer a maximum power of 200 megawatts. The used voltage is 82 kV.

The Artesia Restaurant and Hotel is prominently featured as a location in the film [[The Man Who Fell to Earth (film)|''The Man Who Fell to Earth'']] starring [[David Bowie]].

===Immigration===
Artesia was the site of the Artesia Detention Center, that was responsible for individuals entering the US illegally and going through proper dockets that are in compliance with current US immigration laws. This location had incidents of humanitarian issues, for example a US citizen child was detained<ref name="latimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-na-citizen-detained-20140815-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|title=Child's detention despite citizenship reveals immigration case woes - LA Times|date=15 August 2014 |access-date=June 2, 2017}}</ref> and legal issues due to its remoteness and the extent of this immigration issue. It was closed in December 2014.

==Education==
Artesia is served by the [[Artesia Public School District]] with these schools:
* [[Artesia High School (Artesia, New Mexico)|Artesia High School]] (grades 10–12)
* Artesia Junior High School (grades 8–9)
* Artesia Intermediate School (grades 6–7)
* Central Elementary School (grades 1–5)
* Hermosa Elementary School (grades 1–5)
* Roselawn Elementary School (grades 1–5)
* Yeso Elementary School (grades 1–5)
* Yucca Elementary School (grades 1–5)
* Grand Heights Early Child Ctr. (kindergarten)

The Artesia Bulldogs play in 5A football division and have won 30 state titles. This is the fourth most in the United States. Head Coach and Athletic Director Cooper Henderson, also a former player, has led the Bulldogs to 14 titles.

==Notable people==
* [[Vernon Asbill]] (born 1945), educator and former member of the [[New Mexico Senate]]
* [[Mack C. Chase]] (born 1931), oil and natural gas tycoon<ref name="forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/mack-c-chase/ |title=Profile: Mack C. Chase |date=June 18, 2019 |website=forbes.com |access-date=January 11, 2024}}</ref>
* [[Candy Ezzell]] (born 1953), member of the [[New Mexico House of Representatives]]
* [[Tanner Gray]] (born 1999), [[National Hot Rod Association]] driver
* [[Taylor Gray (racing driver)|Taylor Gray]] (born 2005), racing driver
* [[Ray Handley]] (born 1944), former [[New York Giants]] head coach
* [[Alexa Havins]] (born 1980), Daytime Emmy Award-winning television actress
* [[Landry Jones]] (born 1989), quarterback for [[Oklahoma Sooners football|Oklahoma Sooners]] and NFL's [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
* [[Steve Jones (golfer)|Steve Jones]] (born 1958), professional golfer
* [[Cody Lambert]] (born 1961), professional rodeo cowboy
* [[Edgar Mitchell]] (born 1930), Astronaut who walked on the Moon during the 1971 [[Apollo 14]] mission
* [[Terry Lee Williams]] (born 1950), first African American to serve in the [[Utah State Senate]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=Matthew L. |last2=Harris S. |first2=Madison |date=2020 |title=The Last State to Honor MLK: Utah and the Quest for Racial Justice |url=https://issuu.com/utah10/docs/utah_historical_quarterly_volume88_2020_number1/s/11140096 |journal=[[Utah Historical Quarterly]] |language=en |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.5406/utahhistquar.88.1.0005 |access-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>

==Climate==

According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Artesia has a [[cold semi-arid climate]], abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Artesia was {{convert|116|F|C|1}} on June 29, 1918, while the coldest temperature recorded was {{convert|-20|F|C|1}} on January 11, 1962.<ref name = NOWData />

{{Weather box
|location = Artesia, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1905–present
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 85
|Feb record high F = 89
|Mar record high F = 95
|Apr record high F = 104
|May record high F = 106
|Jun record high F = 116
|Jul record high F = 111
|Aug record high F = 110
|Sep record high F = 106
|Oct record high F = 100
|Nov record high F = 90
|Dec record high F = 86

|Jan avg record high F = 76.0
|Feb avg record high F = 80.6
|Mar avg record high F = 87.2
|Apr avg record high F = 92.2
|May avg record high F = 99.1
|Jun avg record high F = 104.9
|Jul avg record high F = 103.6
|Aug avg record high F = 101.4
|Sep avg record high F = 97.8
|Oct avg record high F = 92.0
|Nov avg record high F = 82.5
|Dec avg record high F = 75.4
|year avg record high F = 106.5

|Jan high F = 57.5
|Feb high F = 62.8
|Mar high F = 70.5
|Apr high F = 78.5
|May high F = 86.9
|Jun high F = 95.2
|Jul high F = 95.1
|Aug high F = 93.9
|Sep high F = 86.8
|Oct high F = 77.7
|Nov high F = 65.9
|Dec high F = 57.1
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 40.4
|Feb mean F = 45.1
|Mar mean F = 52.5
|Apr mean F = 60.1
|May mean F = 69.6
|Jun mean F = 78.5
|Jul mean F = 80.5
|Aug mean F = 79.1
|Sep mean F = 71.7
|Oct mean F = 60.7
|Nov mean F = 48.7
|Dec mean F = 40.5
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 23.3
|Feb low F = 27.4
|Mar low F = 34.5
|Apr low F = 41.6
|May low F = 52.3
|Jun low F = 61.9
|Jul low F = 65.9
|Aug low F = 64.3
|Sep low F = 56.5
|Oct low F = 43.8
|Nov low F = 31.6
|Dec low F = 23.8
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 12.0
|Feb avg record low F = 15.3
|Mar avg record low F = 21.0
|Apr avg record low F = 29.1
|May avg record low F = 39.7
|Jun avg record low F = 52.2
|Jul avg record low F = 60.0
|Aug avg record low F = 57.9
|Sep avg record low F = 45.3
|Oct avg record low F = 29.4
|Nov avg record low F = 17.3
|Dec avg record low F = 10.6
|year avg record low F = 7.9

|Jan record low F = -20
|Feb record low F = -9
|Mar record low F = -6
|Apr record low F = 16
|May record low F = 26
|Jun record low F = 40
|Jul record low F = 36
|Aug record low F = 45
|Sep record low F = 32
|Oct record low F = 14
|Nov record low F = -10
|Dec record low F = -13

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.48
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.38
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.44
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.51
|May precipitation inch = 1.18
|Jun precipitation inch = 1.33
|Jul precipitation inch = 1.67
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.63
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.89
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.23
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.81
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.55
|year precipitation inch = 12.10

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 3.2
|Feb precipitation days = 2.5
|Mar precipitation days = 3.2
|Apr precipitation days = 2.4
|May precipitation days = 3.5
|Jun precipitation days = 4.3
|Jul precipitation days = 6.2
|Aug precipitation days = 6.0
|Sep precipitation days = 5.9
|Oct precipitation days = 5.3
|Nov precipitation days = 3.3
|Dec precipitation days = 2.9

|Jan snow inch = 1.4
|Feb snow inch = 0.3
|Mar snow inch = 0.1
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.7
|Dec snow inch = 1.2
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.8
|Feb snow days = 0.4
|Mar snow days = 0.1
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.3
|Dec snow days = 0.7

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00290600&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Artesia 6S, NM
|access-date = April 8, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=maf
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Midland
|access-date = April 8, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Artesia, New Mexico}}
* {{official website|http://www.artesianm.gov}}
* [http://www.artesianews.com/ ''Artesia Daily Press''], local daily newspaper
* [http://www.artesiachamber.com/ Artesia Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.bulldogs.org/ Artesia School District]

{{Eddy County, New Mexico}}
{{New Mexico}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in New Mexico]]
[[Category:Cities in Eddy County, New Mexico]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of New Mexico]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1905]]
[[Category:1905 establishments in New Mexico Territory]]