Editing Aranjuez

{{for multi|the colonial town in Costa Rica|Aranjuez (Costa Rica)|the classical guitar concerto|Concierto de Aranjuez}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Aranjuez
| official_name                   = 
| settlement_type                 = [[Municipalities in Spain|Municipality]]
| other_name                      = 
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = 
| image_skyline                   = Aranjuez PalacioReal PlazaToros.jpg
| image_caption                   = The Royal Palace and the Bullring of Aranjuez seen from El Mirador Housing Estate Hill
| image_flag                      = Flag of Aranjuez.svg
| image_shield                    = Coat of Arms of Aranjuez.svg
| seal_size                       = 60px
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=285|frame-height=180|frame-align=center|frame-coordinates={{Coord|39.5|N|3.7|W}}|zoom=4|type=point|title=Aranjuez|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|text=Interactive map of Aranjuez.}}
|map_caption              = Location of Aranjuez
|pushpin_map            = Spain Community of Madrid#Spain
|pushpin_label_position = top
|pushpin_mapsize        =300
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Spain
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Autonomous Communities of Spain|Autonomous Community]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Community of Madrid]]
| established_title               = 
| established_date                = 
| established_title2              = 
| established_date2               = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = Mayor
| leader_name                     = María José Martínez de la Fuente
| leader_party                    = [[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_sq_mi                = 
| area_total_km2                  = 201.11
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 
| area_land_km2                   = 
| area_water_sq_mi                = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_urban_sq_mi                = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 
| area_metro_sq_mi                = 
| population_as_of                = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes            = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total                = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_urban                = 
| population_metro                = 
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_note                 = 
| population_demonyms             = ribereño, arancentano
| timezone                        = 
| utc_offset                      = 
| timezone_DST                    = 
| utc_offset_DST                  = 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|40|02|00|N|3|36|10|W|region:ES|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes             = 
| elevation_ft                    = 
| elevation_m                     = 495
| website                         = {{url|aranjuez.es}}
| footnotes                       = 
}}

'''Aranjuez''' ({{IPA|es|aɾaŋˈxweθ|lang|Pronunciation of Aranjuez in Spanish.ogg}}) is a city and municipality of [[Spain]], part of the [[Community of Madrid]].

Located in the southern end of the region, the main urban nucleus lies on the left bank of the [[Tagus]], a bit upstream of the discharge of the [[Jarama]]. {{As of|2022}}, the municipality has a registered population of 59,762.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madrid: Población por municipios y sexo. (2881) |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=2881 |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=INE |language=es}}</ref> Aranjuez became one of the [[Patrimonio Nacional|Royal Estates]] of the [[Monarchy of Spain|Crown of Spain]] in 1560, during the reign of [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]]. Until 1752, only royalty and nobility were allowed to dwell in the town.

The cultural landscape of Aranjuez was declared a [[World Heritage Site]] by UNESCO in 2001.

==Name==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
There are several theories about the origin of the name. The most widely-accepted one states that it comes from [[Basque language|Basque]] and derives it from ''arantza'' ("[[Crataegus|hawthorn]]" in English). Another theory, attributed to Padre [[Martín Sarmiento]], a Benedictine scholar who lived about a century after the founder of Aranjuez, [[Philip II of Spain]], claims the origin to be from [[Latin]] ''Ara Jovis'' or ''Ara Iovia'', which means the [[altar]] of the Roman god [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]]. However the pre-Roman derivation is generally preferred.

==History==
===Early history===
[[Alfonso VI]] took control of the territory near the Tagus, including Aranjuez, after the 1085 conquest of the [[Taifa of Toledo]].<ref name=garciagrinda>{{Cite book|publisher=Consejería de Cultura y Turismo de la Comunidad de Madrid|location=Madrid|year=2008|title=Guía de Aranjuez. El paisaje construido|first=José Luis|last=García Grinda|url=http://www.madrid.org/bvirtual/BVCM002667.pdf|page=21}}</ref>
During the 12th century, Aranjuez (then known as ''Aranz'', ''Aranzuel'', ''Aranzuegue'' or ''Almuzundica'') was a small hamlet under the influence of the castle of Oreja.<ref name=aranjuez /> Following the [[Battle of Uclés (1108)|1108 defeat of Castilian and Leonese forces by the Almoravids at Uclés]], the area fell under Muslim control.<ref name=aranjuez /> ''Aurelia'' (Oreja) was retaken by [[Alfonso VII|Alfonso VII, the Emperor]] after the 1194 [[Siege of Oreja|surrender of the besieged castle]].<ref name=aranjuez>{{Cite book|url=http://www.madrid.org/bvirtual/BVCM000846.pdf|title=Aranjuez y la vega del Tajo|pages=15–16|publisher=Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Comunidad de Madrid|isbn=84-451-1584-7|location=Madrid|year=1999|first1=Reyes|last1=García Valcárcel|first2=Ana María|last2=Écija Moreno|first3=Soledad|last3=Valcárcel Moreno}}</ref><ref name=garciagrinda /> [[Alfonso VIII]] donated Oreja and its dependent hamlets in 1171 to the [[Order of Santiago]] and its Grand Master [[Pedro Fernández de Castro (Grand Master of the Order of Santiago)|Pedro Fernández]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.diputoledo.es/archivos/archivo/revistas/1960_21.pdf|page=26|title=Ontígola|journal=Provincia|year=1960|issue=21|location=Toledo|publisher=[[Diputación Provincial de Toledo]]}}</ref> Aranjuez was definitively secured in 1178.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aranjuez.es/turismo/historia-y-datos-de-la-ciudad/|website=Ayuntamiento de Aranjuez|title=Historia y Datos de la Ciudad}}</ref>

Aranjuez was chosen as seat of the ''Mesa Maestral'' ("Master's Table") of the Order of Santiago in 1272.<ref name=asclepio /> The link between Aranjuez and the Crown dates from 1493, when the [[Catholic Monarchs]] became administrators of the military orders.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/690749/real_pinto_felipeiv_2015.pdf?sequence=1|chapter=El real sitio y heredamiento de Aranjuez en tiempos de Felipe IV|first1=Virgilio|last1=Pinto Crespo|first2=José Luis|last2=Hernanz Elvira|page=2233|title= La corte de Felipe IV (1621-1665): reconfiguración de la Monarquía católica|editor-first=José|editor-last=Martínez Millán|editor-first2=José Eloy|editor-last2=Hortal Muñoz|volume=3|year=2015|isbn=978-84-16335-10-7}}</ref> [[Adrian VI]] confirmed [[Emperor Charles V]] in the everlasting dignity as Grand Master of the Order in 1523.<ref name=asclepio /> The dehesa of Aranjuez subsequently became a Crown property.<ref name=asclepio>{{Cite journal|volume=53|issue=1|journal=Asclepio|publisher=[[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas]]|location=Madrid|issn=0210-4466|url=http://asclepio.revistas.csic.es/index.php/asclepio/article/view/172/168|pages=36|title=Renovación en la terapeútica real: los destiladores de su majestad, maestros simplicistas y médicos herbolarios de Felipe II|first1=Mar|last1=Rey Bueno|first2=M.ª Esther|year=2001|last2=Alegre Pérez}}</ref>

===Development as Royal Site===
[[File:Palacio Real de Aranjuez.jpg|thumb|left|[[Royal Palace of Aranjuez]]]]
[[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] declared the place a Royal Site in 1560.<ref name=expansion /> In the second half of the 16th century, the [[Palacio Real de Aranjuez|royal palace]] was constructed and the name of the enlarged settlement was changed from ''Alpajes'' to ''Aranjuez''. The site was initially designed by [[Juan Bautista de Toledo]] and completed by [[Juan de Herrera]]. Aranjuez was extensively redesigned in the 18th century by [[Santiago Bonavía]].

In 1752, during the reign of [[Ferdinand VI of Spain|Ferdinand VI]], Aranjuez, which was previously [[closed city|reserved]] for the royal family, nobles of the royal court and palace servants started to be opened providing overnight accommodation for visitors, who had previously been obliged to lodge in nearby settlements such as Ocaña.

The [[weir]] in the [[Tagus]] River which is alongside to the Royal Palace of Aranjuez was constructed in 1753 to power a [[water wheel]] for milling [[wheat flour]]. Since the mill was visible from the palace, it was architecturally attractive and sometimes used as the residence of the town governor. 

King [[Charles III of Spain|Carlos III]] built the so-called Long Bridge (about 300m long) over the [[Jarama]] in 1761.

In 1763 Charles III, a keen [[Physiocracy|physiocrat]] ordered the construction of [[Real Cortijo de San Isidro]], a [[model farm]] which was abandoned by his successor (his second son, [[Charles IV of Spain]]) and later commercialized. Two years later the king ordered the construction of the [[Franciscan]] [[Convento de San Pascual, Aranjuez|Convent of San Pascual]], later occupied by the [[Conceptionists]].

The French architect [[Jaime Marquet]] began construction of the theatre Coliseum Carlos III in 1767.

[[File:Caída y prisión del Príncipe de la Paz.JPG|thumb|left|''Fall and imprisonment of [[Manuel Godoy|the Prince of Peace]]'' (1808 Mutiny of Aranjuez) by Francisco de Paula Martí and [[Zacarías González Velázquez|Zacarías Velázquez]] in 1814.]]
An uprising, the so-called [[Mutiny of Aranjuez]], took place on 17 March 1808 when the royal family and the government were staying at Aranjuez on their way south, as they were anticipating a French invasion from the north. Soldiers, peasants and members of the general public assaulted [[Manuel Godoy]]'s quarters and captured him. The mutineers made Charles dismiss Godoy, and two days later, the court forced the King himself to abdicate in favour of his son and rival, who became Ferdinand VII.

===Late modern history===
[[File:Aranjuez EstacionFFCC.jpg|thumb|Railway station]]
Railway transport arrived to Aranjuez on 9 February 1851, with the opening of the [[Madrid]]–Aranjuez line, the second in the Iberian Peninsula after [[Barcelona]]–[[Mataró]] (not the second in Spain, as the [[Havana]]–[[Güines]] line had been opened in [[Captaincy General of Cuba|Cuba]] in 1837).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.madridiario.es/464875/168-anos-del-viaje-inaugural-del-ferrocarril-madrid-aranjuez|website=Madridiario|title=168 años del viaje inaugural del Ferrocarril Madrid-Aranjuez|date=9 February 2019|first=Sergio|last=Ríos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/sociedad/20181027/170-aniversario-ferrocarril-barcelona-mataro-entrevista-presidente-renfe-7114132|website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]]|title=La primera revolución sobre ruedas|date=27 October 2018}}</ref> Aranjuez was granted the title of town (''villa'') in 1899.<ref name=expansion>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expansion.com/sociedad/2015/08/19/55d444aae2704ea02b8b456f.html|website=[[Expansión (Spanish newspaper)|Expansión]]|title=Aranjuez, declarado "lugar de excepcional valor universal"|date=19 August 2015}}</ref>

In the context of the [[Spanish Civil War|1936–1939 Spanish Civil War]], Aranjuez remained under [[Second Spanish Republic|Republican]] control until the end of the conflict, becoming the headquarters of the {{ill|9th Division (People's Army of the Republic)|es|9.ª División (Ejército Popular de la República)|lt=9th Division}} of the [[Spanish Republican Army]].<ref name=lalinde /> Important battles of the war such as the [[Battle of Seseña]] and the [[Battle of Jarama]] took place not far from Aranjuez.<ref name=lalinde>{{Cite journal|url=http://lalindearqueologia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/10%20El%20Mirador_%20Alonso%20y%20Lopez.pdf|title=El mirador: trincheras de la guerra civil en Aranjuez|first1=Jesús|last1=Martín Alonso|first2=Mª Lourdes|last2=López Martínez|issue=4|year=2015|pages=147–164|journal=La Linde}}</ref> Following the seizure by the Rebel faction, a [[Francoist]] [[concentration camp]] was active in Aranjuez in 1939.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://hispanianova.rediris.es/6/dossier/6d027.pdf|title=Internamiento y trabajo forzoso: Los campos de concentración de Franco.|first=Javier|last=Rodrigo|journal=Hispania Nova. Revista de Historia Contemporánea|issue=6|year=2006|publisher=[[Universidad Carlos III de Madrid]]|location=Getafe|issn=1138-7319}}</ref>

==Main sites==
{{Infobox historic site
| name =Aranjuez Cultural Landscape
| native_name =  
| native_language = 
| native_name2 =
| native_language2 = 
| image = 
| caption =
| locmapin =
| map_caption =
| elevation =
| built =
| architect = 
| architecture =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year = 
| governing_body =
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_offname = Aranjuez Cultural Landscape
| designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2001 (25th session)|2001]]<small>　(25th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small>
| designation1_number = 1044
| designation1_criteria = ii, iv
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe and North America]]
}}
The city was declared [[Conjunto Histórico-Artístico]] ("Historic Artistic Junction") in 1983. In 2001 [[UNESCO]] listed the Aranjuez [[Cultural landscape]] as a [[UNESCO World Heritage|World Heritage Site]].

===Mariblanca===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
This was the first extension beyond the [[Palacio Real de Aranjuez|Royal Palace]], along the south bank of the river [[Tagus]] (Local spelling ''Tajo''). The royal [[Church of San Antonio (Aranjuez)|Church of San Antonio]] which was built by [[Philip IV of Spain]] for both public and [[Military parade|ceremonial]] royal use, stands at the southern end of Plaza San Antonio popularly known as ''[[Mariblanca]]'', (possibly because it is a 'sea' of white sand or ''mar de arena blanca'' or else an allusion to the female statue of the fountain at the far end, which is the [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] of sculptor Juan Reyna in 1762).

===Plaza de Toros===
{{More citations needed section|date=October 2022}}
A bullring, one of the earliest in Spain, the original was built in 1760 by order of [[Charles IV of Spain|King Charles IV]], the refurbished structure was opened by his wife, [[Maria Luisa of Parma]], on 14 May 1797. It had a capacity of 9000 spectators at a time when the population, according to the [[Manuel Godoy, Prince of the Peace|then prime minister]], was only 4226. There are twelve public entrances which lead to three circular galleries, each with 10 stone seating benches. Royalty and their guests enjoyed a private entrance with stairs leading directly to the royal box.

Following a fire in 1809, [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|King Ferdinand VII]] had it rebuilt and donated it to the town, which installed a small museum (usually only open to the public Saturday, Sunday and Monday mornings at 11.15)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://turismoenaranjuez.com/aranjuez/plaza-de-toros|title=Plaza de toros|publisher=Turismo in Aranjuez (official site)|language=es|access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref>

===Buildings===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | total_width = 400

 | image1 = Convento san pascual aranjuez.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Convento de San Pascual, Aranjuez|Royal Convent of San Pascual]]

 | image2 = Theatro Carlos III Aranjuez.JPG
 | caption2 = Teatro Carlos III theatre built during [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]]'s reign.
}}
Sights in the city include many buildings in addition to the 17th century Royal Palace and church mentioned above:
* House of Trades and Knights
* House of Infantes and Atarfe
* Pleasure craft Museum
* Farmhand's House
* House of Employees (currently [[Town Hall]])
* Alpajes Church
* [[Saint Pascual's Royal Convent]]
* Old Saint Charles' Hospital (to be restored)
* [[Charles III of Spain|Charles III]]'s Royal Theatre (recently restored and reopened in 2014)
* Supply Market
* Plaza de Toros and [[Bullfighting]] Museum "Una Gran Fiesta"
* Medinaceli Palace
* Governor's House (currently University of High Studies Centre Philip II)
* Mother Queen's old garage, today cultural centre "Isabel de Farnesio"
* Typical 'corralas' (buildings with running balconies around a central courtyard)
* Godoy and Osuna Palaces
* Silvela's Palace (also known as Bavaria's Palace)
* Royal Country Estate of Saint Isidro

===Parks and gardens===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | total_width = 400

 | image1 = Aranjuez Cultural Landscape-114470.jpg
 | alt1 = Fountain, Aranjuez Cultural Landscape
 | caption1 = Fountain, Aranjuez Cultural Landscape

 | image2 = Battaglioli - Fernando VI y Bárbara de Braganza en los jardines de Aranjuez (1756).jpg
 | caption2 = The Gardens of Aranjuez as depicted by [[Francesco Battaglioli]] in the 18th century.
}}
Numerous parks and gardens are open to the public (detailed in )
* Isle Garden – to the north of the palace, bordered by the river (beyond weir) and a broad irrigation canal
* Parterre Garden The formal garden and fountains in front of the palace and to the north of Mariblanca/San Isadro
* Prince's Garden Along the river to the east, bordered by Calle de la Reina
* Isabella II's Garden a small formal garden adjacent to Mariblanca/San Isidro
* Historical thickets and woodlands
* Centre of Interpretation of the Natural Reserve "El Regajal-Mar de Ontígola"
* Tree-lined walks and rides through the former nursery gardens (now agriculture) at ''Doce Calles'' (12 ways roundabout on M-305 Northbound to Madrid)

==Climate==
Aranjuez has a cold [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk'') with cool winters and hot, dry summers.

{{weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|rain colour=green
|width=auto
|location=Aranjuez, 1981–2010
|Jan high C = 11.7
|Feb high C = 14.0
|Mar high C = 18.1
|Apr high C = 19.8
|May high C = 24.1
|Jun high C = 30.4
|Jul high C = 34.4
|Aug high C = 33.7
|Sep high C = 28.7
|Oct high C = 21.8
|Nov high C = 15.7
|Dec high C = 11.8
|year high C = 
|Jan low C = 0.3
|Feb low C = 1.2
|Mar low C = 3.6
|Apr low C = 5.5
|May low C = 9.3
|Jun low C = 14.0
|Jul low C = 16.5
|Aug low C = 16.2
|Sep low C = 12.9
|Oct low C = 8.5
|Nov low C = 3.8
|Dec low C = 1.4
|year low C = 
|Jan rain mm = 23.0
|Feb rain mm = 25.3
|Mar rain mm = 22.8
|Apr rain mm = 38.4
|May rain mm = 43.0
|Jun rain mm = 18.7
|Jul rain mm = 6.5
|Aug rain mm = 5.6
|Sep rain mm = 20.9
|Oct rain mm = 49.8
|Nov rain mm = 39.0
|Dec rain mm = 41.5
|year rain mm = 
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref>{{cite web|url = https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=2885|title = World Weather Information Service – Aranjuez|publisher= World Meteorological Organization|access-date = November 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

==Government and administration==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | total_width = 400

 | image1 = Aranjuez-barrios.png
 | caption1 = The ''barrios'' or districts of Aranjuez

 | image2 = Aranjuez casco.jpg
 | caption2 = This is an orientation sketch of the Centro or old town and is not to scale
}}
The city of Aranjuez is governed by a single municipal authority, which, for convenience divides into the several administrative districts which in turn may contain residential estates (''urbanizaciones):
* Centro, includes the royal sites, the bullring and the historic town center, with central market and shopping
* Vergel – Olivas,
* Polígono de Las Aves, to the west near the railway station, near Pirelli & Jardín Narváez
* Nuevo Aranjuez, to the south, on higher ground
* Foso – Moreras associated with Garden City of Agfa, and ambitious, but as yet incomplete project
* Urbanización Mirador de Aranjuez A vast, mostly failed (turn of the 20th–21st century) house-building project on a steep southerly slope overlooking the old town.
* La Montaña – new (turn of the 20th–21st century) district of about 5000 homes (Many 'toxic assets' still vacant) about {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of the town. It has the district Hospital-Tajo, a 4-star Hotel-Barcelo with spa and 18-hole golf-course, Gran-Casino, La Finca event venue, a vast commercial centre (Plaza) and car-park which was built but never opened, and a business campus Centro Empresial which contains the small-business support unit APME, a substantial supermarket and a few small businesses. Various shops are to be found elsewhere about the ''barrio''. The residents Association is known as Asociación de Vecinos del Barrio de la Montaña or AVBM.
* Cortijo de San Isidro, a small residential settlement around a former royal hunting lodge, a volunteer sub-council represents residents interests.

==Economy==
The main pillars of the local economy are hotels and tourism. Aranjuez has always been an attractive city for tourists with its [[Palacio Real de Aranjuez|Royal Palace]], the [[gardens]], the [[Tagus]] river and the landscapes. In 2001 this city was designated as a [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage]] [[Cultural landscape]] by [[UNESCO]], and since then, tourism has kept on increasing until hit by the 2008 recession. Prior to 2008 much money was spent in order to beautify Aranjuez and many pubs and restaurants were opened (from 2001 to 2004 their number increased 22%).

===La Montaña===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
This was a 'pharonic' ''proyecto de Actuación Urbanística (PAU)'' of some 5000 mixed 'open market homes ''(Viviendas precio libre or VPL)'' of which, by 2012, something around one fifth were actually sold. The remainder are now owned by the 'bad bank' [[SAREB]]
In 2005 a major events and gambling installation [[casino|Gran Casino]] was opened in the (northern) barrio Montaña near the existing conference centers of La Finca and Hotel Occidental Aranjuez (which includes an 18-hole golf course). Nearby, the ambitious Plaza commercial center, built but not fitted, has never opened, and the smaller enterprise center, although open, contains a local supermarket, two cafés an English Academy and less than a dozen other small businesses. Finally, in March 2008 the University Hospital Tajo was opened. In 2013 this hospital, together with several others medical facilities in the [[Community of Madrid]] was threatened with privatisation, provoking considerable public protest known as the Marea Blanca (the white (coat) wave or tide).

===Agriculture===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
Aranjuez is located on the fertile plain in the deep, high sided valley (cuenca) of the river [[Tagus]] (the [[comarca]] Vega del Tajo), whose rich soil is suitable for growing wheat and other [[cereals]]. There are also horticultural [[plantations]], notably of [[asparagus]] and [[strawberry|strawberries]] but also (centered on [[Villaconejos]]) [[vineyard]]s and extensive production of [[melons]]. Typical of the neighbouring region of [[Castilla-La Mancha]] Aranjuez and the Vega del Tajo also produce a wide variety of products such as [[sorghum]], [[sunflower]]s, potatoes, tomatoes, [[artichoke]]s, [[Beta vulgaris|beets]] and [[Jalapeño]] peppers.

The Real Cortijo de San Isidro is a settlement about 6&nbsp;km north of Aranjuez where King [[Charles III of Spain]] established a royal farm in 1766, exploiting existing agricultural land. There is a village with a royal chapel (Hermitage) and a wine cellar (Bodegas del Real Cortijo de San Isidro)

===Industry===
The proximity to [[Madrid]] and the good communications by road and rail made Aranjuez a suitable location for industry: [[detergents]], Mechanical engineering, computer and electrical material, photographic materials, [[pharmaceuticals|pharmaceutical]] products, [[paint]]s and [[varnish]]es, sugar refineries, and oil mills.

The majority of the industries are located to the west of the [[railroad|railway]] station or in the "Gonzalo Chacón" [[industrial park]], in the south. The main existing industries are:

* [[Indra Sistemas]] (Defence and high technology computer & informatics systems).<ref>[http://www.indracompany.com/ Web de Indra Sistemas]</ref>
* [http://www.electronica-aranjuez.es/INDEX/index.asp?id_idioma=5 Electrónica Aranjuez] (EASA High technology & defence electronics), part of grupo Espacio Industrial.<ref>[http://www.espacio-industrial.com/empresas-del-grupo/electronica-aranjuez Web of Electrónica Aranjuez] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728232757/http://www.espacio-industrial.com/empresas-del-grupo/electronica-aranjuez |date=28 July 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] (electrical components for automobiles).<ref>[http://www.robert-bosch-espana.es/content/language1/html/index.htm Web of Robert Bosch] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719054831/http://www.robert-bosch-espana.es/content/language1/html/index.htm |date=19 July 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Air Products|Carburos Metálicos]] Medical and industrial gasses and chemicals.<ref>[http://www.carburos.com/novedades_noticias/2013-10-10.html Web of Carburos Metálicos] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112180937/http://www.carburos.com/novedades_noticias/2013-10-10.html |date=12 January 2014 }}</ref>
* FYSE Pharmaceuticals, a division of / Ercros Industrial S.A.<ref>[http://www.ercros.es/esp/internas.asp?arxiu=qh_aranjuezh Web of Ercros – Fyse] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617053017/http://www.ercros.es/esp/internas.asp?arxiu=qh_aranjuezh |date=17 June 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Cortefiel]], a garment logistics facility for a retail company marketing brands such as Springfield, women'secret, Fifty Factory, Antonio Miró Studio and Pedro del Hierro Fashion<ref>[http://www.grupocortefiel.com/es/inicio Web of Cortefiel]</ref>
* [http://www.apifabricacion.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=127&lang=en API Fabricación] (Road signage) part of grupo Imesapi<ref>[http://www.imesapi.es/ Web of Imeaspi]</ref>
Previous industrial activities now reduced, mothballed or closed included
* [[Lever Brothers]] (manufacture and packaging of detergents)
* ISN (formerly [[Fruehauf Trailer Corporation|Fruehauf]]) trailer manufacture & precision plastics for transport industry<ref>[http://www.grupoisn.com/calidad?lang=2 Web of ISN]</ref>
* Embalajes Castro S.A. Wooden crate manufacturer & general packaging specialists
* Near the station there is also extensive unused railway sidings, warehouses and a sugar refining plant all presumably abandoned in the early part of the 20th century<ref>[http://loslugaresolvidados.blogspot.com.es/2008/07/la-azucarera-de-aranjuez.html Web of Forgotten Places]</ref> Proposals for rehabilitation of this zone as a rail to road [[container port]] are currently (2018) under consideration.
*  [[Agfa]] film: ECESA  (Estudios Cinema Español), S.A.created in 1931, reformed in 1935 as  E.A.S.A. (Estudios de Aranjuez, Sociedad Anónima) but made few films.  In 1950  (MAFE (Manufacturas Fotográficas Españolas, S.A.) started to produce photographic film, and was absorbed into Agfa in 1964 before being closed definitively  in 2001.<ref>[http://historias-cinematograficas.blogspot.com.es/2008/10/estudios-cinematogrficos-en-aranjuez.html Report (in Spanish) by historias-cinematograficas de España]</ref>

==Transportation==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
Aranjuez enjoys excellent road and rail links to the Spanish capital city of [[Madrid]].

===Road===
[[File:Calle de Gobernacion.JPG|thumb|18th century and 21st century street sign in Aranjuez]]
Aranjuez is served by the public [[Autovía A-4]] (Madrid Cordoba) The exit at kilometre 37 connects to the M-305 (regular road which leads via La Montaña district and automotive sales zone (3&nbsp;km north of city) and then directly to the royal palace. The A4 exit at kilometre 52 serves the south of the town, as does the [[R-4 motorway (Spain)|toll road Radial R-4]].

Six main line bus routes serve the locality via the bus station, Las Infantas. Taxis and local bus services (four routes) link to the railway station.

The municipality provides a free public pedal bicycle scheme although there is a modest registration fee.

[[File:Kioscos chinescos aranjuez.jpg|thumb|left|Chinese Kiosks in 18th-century Jardín del Príncipe garden.]]
There is also a tourist ''Chiquitren road train'' which tours the town and the extensive ''jardin del principe'' royal garden.

===Rail===
Aranjuez railway station building is richly ornamented in the neomudéjar style. It was built by the then operator ''[[Madrid, Zaragoza and Alicante railway|Compañía de los Ferrocarriles de Madrid a Zaragoza y Alicante]]'' between 1922 and 1927. It was recently renovated by [[Renfe|RENFE]], who operate an hourly shuttle service to Madrid and medium distance services to other destinations. The [[Strawberry train]] is a special [[Steam locomotive]] [[Heritage railway]] service provided for summer visitors and tourists.

===River===
[[File:Noria Aranjuez.webm|thumb|Hydrographic demonstration piece near the ancient noria of the barrio of La Montaña, near Hospital Tajo, Aranjuez.]]
The river is obstructed and so used only by a local tourist boat and canoeists. There is an annual fun rafting competition run by ''the pirates of the tajo''.

An ancient irrigation system for the royal kitchen-gardens and orchards (now farmland) includes channels and a noria waterwheel, recently restored in a leisure area known as Talud Sur (south bank of) de La Montaña de Aranjuez. The old, tree-lined avenues around are maintained provide shady level walkways.

==Local media==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
===Print media===
* ''Heraldo de Aranjuez''.
* ''Tablón de Anuncios''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050204215036/http://www.consumodigital.com/ ''Consumo Digital''].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050728150444/http://www.4esquinas.com/ ''Cuatro Esquinas''].
* [http://www.divergente.net/ ''Divergente''].
* ''El Espejo''.

===Radio stations===
* Onda Aranjuez, 107.8 [[FM broadcasting|FM]].
* Cadena Ser Aranjuez, 89.3 FM.
* Onda Cero Aranjuez, 90.7 FM.
* Radio Fuga, 92.1 FM.

==Sports facilities==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
* The city has a long tradition of water sports due to its connection with the [[Tagus]] river, such as [[canoeing]], [[stand-up paddleboarding]] and [[Sport rowing|rowing]]. In the [[Summer Olympics|Olympic]] bid of [[Madrid]] for the [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Olympics]], which were held in London, Aranjuez was the selected site for these sports. In spite of this, there are plans to continue the construction of the necessary sport facilities, which should be finished by 2010.
* Aranjuez has a [[association football|football]] team, ''Real Aranjuez C.F.'', which plays in the Local Stadium, called "El Deleite".
* Nearby [[Ocaña, Spain|Ocaña]] has a [[skydiving]] and [[gliding]] centre at the [[Aerodrome]], and most of the skydivers there base themselves in Aranjuez.
* Aranjuez has 18 hole-golf course located on "The Mountain", which belongs to the Hotel Occidental Aranjuez.

==Notable people==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
*[[Infante Carlos, Count of Molina]] (1788–1855), Infante of Spain and claimant to the throne.
*[[Francisco Clavet]], tennis player.
*[[Francis, Duke of Cadiz]], husband of queen [[Isabella II of Spain]].
*[[Javier Portillo (Spanish footballer)|Javier García Portillo]], [[association football|football player]].
*[[Ángel Parra (judo)|Ángel Parra]], judoka.
*[[Joaquín Rodrigo]], composer and 1st [[Marqués de los Jardines de Aranjuez]].
*[[Santiago Rusiñol]], painter.
*[[Jose Luis Sampedro]], writer.
*[[Iván Sánchez-Rico Soto]] alias Riki, [[association football|football player]].
*[[Francisco Agustín Silvela y Blanco]], Minister of Gobernación and Gracia y Justicia. Vice-President of the Congress of Deputies and Magistrate of the Supreme Court.
*[[Carlos Suárez (basketball)|Carlos Suarez]], [[Basketball]] player.

==Aranjuez in the arts==
[[File:Vistas de los Sitios Reales y Madrid - Fernando Brambila - Aranjuez.jpg|thumb|Painting of a Falúa ship in Aranjuez by Fernando Bambrilla in 1830.]]

[[Friedrich Schiller]]'s drama ''Don Carlos'' starts with the words "Die schönen Tage in Aranjuez sind nun zu Ende."

[[Joaquín Rodrigo]] wrote the [[Concierto de Aranjuez]] (1939) for guitar and orchestra which was inspired by the royal gardens of Aranjuez and became one of the most famous orchestral compositions of the 20th century.

The Austrian writer [[Peter Handke]] wrote the play ''Die schönen Tage von Aranjuez'' (The beautiful days of Aranjuez), which was translated into English by Michael Roloff.

==Culture==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2022}}
===Traditions===
In summer it is traditional to eat dinner in the picnic areas next to the [[Tagus]] river. These places are called {{lang|es|gangos}}, a Spanish word used only in Aranjuez.

====Festivals====
[[File:MotíndeAranjuez(2006).JPG|thumb|[[Mutiny of Aranjuez]] re-enactment / Motín de Aranjuez 2006]]
* '''Alfaranjuez''' In May – includes a Craft Fair with '''Folk Aranjuez''' Traditional Music Festival and a used vehicle fair.
* '''San Isidro Labrador''' day, 15 May, pilgrimage in the nearby hunting lodge of Real Cortijo de San Isidro.
* '''San Fernando''' town festival week, around 30 May, parades and events.
* '''Early Music Festival'' Aranjuez, held in about May or June
* '''Book Fair''' Aranjuez, in contrast with the Used Book Fair and Sale, held in September.
* '''[[Mutiny of Aranjuez]]'''  re-enactment about first week of September, declared a cultural event of National Tourist Interest, which includes
**a funfair (car park, M-305),
**sports events (Delete stadium),
**food and drink stalls (Mariblanca),
**a concert at the Royal Palace,
**a traditional or  ''Sacrificio Goyesque'' (in the Plaza de Toros),
** a dramatic street re-enactment of the flaming torch attack and capture of [[Manuel de Godoy, Prince of the Peace|Godoy]] at his Palace, (that building now houses a school) with fireworks and costumes inspired by Goya paintings.
** A fun raft-race organized by the ''pirates of the Tajo'' social club

====Gastronomy====
[[File:Fresas con crema.jpg|thumb|upright|Strawberries and cream]]
* Local horticultural produce, especially:
** [[Strawberries]] and [[asparagus]]
** Sweet, green [[Piel de Sapo|toadskin melons]], [[olive oil]] and local [[wine]] from nearby [[comarca]] 'Las Vagas' which includes [[Villaconejos]] – [[Chinchón]] agricultural areas
* [[Pheasant]], a characteristic [[game (food)|gamebird]] from the area's forests.

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Town
! State/Region
! Country
|-
| [[Écija]]
| Andalusia
| Spain
|-
| [[Le Pecq]]
| Yvelines
| France
|}

==Other towns within the municipality==
*[[Algodor]]
*[[Castillejo, Aranjuez|Castillejo]]
*[[Las Infantas]]
*[[Real Cortijo de San Isidro]]

{{portal|Spain}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[[:wikivoyage:Aranjuez]] Wikimedia tourist guide project
*[http://www.aranjuez.es Official homepage of Aranjuez City Council] {{in lang|es}}
* [https://artsandculture.google.com/story/rAXBUIenOyVDXg Aranjuez Cultural Landscape] UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture
*[http://www.aranjuez.com Official Tourist Agency] website with comprehensive professional photographs of main attractions {{in lang|es}}

{{Municipalities in the Community of Madrid}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Spain}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Aranjuez| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities in the Community of Madrid]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]