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{{short description|1971 album by Jethro Tull}} {{Other uses|Aqualung (disambiguation)}} {{Good article}} {{use British English|date=May 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}} {{Infobox album | name = Aqualung | type = studio | artist = [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]] | cover = JethroTullAqualungalbumcover.jpg | alt = A painting depicting a bearded, long-haired man standing hunched over and reaching into his long coat. At top left is white text reading "Jethro Tull" and "Aqualung" set in a blackletter typeface. | released = 19 March 1971 | recorded = April 1970 – February 1971<ref name="My God">{{cite web |title=IAN ANDERSON on JETHRO'S controversial 'Aqualung' LP |url=http://www.tullpress.com/nme27mar71.htm |website=tullpress.com |access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> | venue = | studio = *[[Basing Street Studios|Island Studios]], London *[[Morgan Studios]], London | genre = {{hlist|[[Hard rock]]|[[folk rock]]|[[progressive rock]]}} | length = 42:55 | label = [[Chrysalis Records|Chrysalis]]/[[Island Records|Island]] (Europe)<br>[[Reprise Records|Reprise]] (America, Japan and Oceania) | producer = [[Ian Anderson]], [[Terry Ellis (record producer)|Terry Ellis]] | prev_title = [[Benefit (album)|Benefit]] | prev_year = 1970 | next_title = [[Thick as a Brick]] | next_year = 1972 | misc = {{Singles | name = Aqualung | type = studio | single1 = [[Locomotive Breath]] | single1date = March 1971<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Jethro+Tull&titel=Locomotive+Breath&cat=s|title=Jethro Tull singles|website=Dutchcharts.nl}}</ref> | single2 = [[Hymn 43]] | single2date = June 1971<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Jethro+Tull&titel=Hymn+43&cat=s|title=Jethro Tull singles|website=Dutchcharts.nl}}</ref> }} }} '''''Aqualung''''' is the fourth studio album by the English [[rock music|rock]] band [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]]; it was released in March 1971 by [[Chrysalis Records]]. Though it is generally regarded as a [[concept album]], featuring a central theme of "the distinction between religion and God", the band said that there was no intention to make a concept album, and that only a few songs have a unifying theme.<ref name="Rolling Stone Review"/> ''Aqualung''{{'s}} success signalled a turning point in the career of the band, which went on to become a major radio and touring act. Recorded at [[Island Records]]' new [[Basing Street Studios|recording studio in Basing Street]], London, it was their first album with keyboardist [[John Evan]] as a full-time member, their first with new bassist [[Jeffrey Hammond]], and last album featuring [[Clive Bunker]] on drums, who left the band shortly after the release of the album. The album utilises more acoustic material than previous releases; and—inspired by photographs of homeless people on the Thames Embankment taken by singer [[Ian Anderson]]'s wife [[Jennie Franks]]—contains a number of recurring themes, addressing religion along with Anderson's own personal experiences. ''Aqualung'' is Jethro Tull's best-selling album, selling more than seven million units worldwide. It was generally well-received critically and has been included on several music magazine best-of lists. The album spawned two singles, "[[Hymn 43]]" and "[[Locomotive Breath]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Jethro+Tull&titel=Locomotive+Breath&cat=s |title=Jethro Tull - Locomotive Breath (song) |work=Norwegiancharts.com |publisher=[[Media Control Charts]] |access-date=30 March 2016 }}</ref> ==Production== An early version of "My God" was recorded on 11–12 April 1970, followed by "Wond'ring Aloud, Again" on 21 June, both at [[Morgan Studios]].<ref name="linernotes">{{cite web |title=Living in the past |url=http://aln2.albumlinernotes.com/Living_In_The_Past.html |website=albumlinernotes.com |access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2025}} After an American tour, bass player [[Glenn Cornick]] was fired from the band,{{sfn|Nollen|2001|p=61}} and was replaced with [[Jeffrey Hammond]], an old friend of Ian Anderson.{{sfn|Nollen|2001|p=63}} ''Aqualung'' would be Hammond's first album with the band. It would also mark the first time [[John Evan]] had recorded a full album with the band, as his only prior involvement was to provide several keyboard parts on the previous 1970 album, ''[[Benefit (album)|Benefit]]''. In December, the album became one of the first to be recorded at Island Records' newly-opened recording studios on Basing Street in London. [[Led Zeppelin]] did some recording for ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'' at the same time, though in the smaller of the two studios in the converted chapel.<ref name=theirtime>{{cite magazine|title=Classic Rock Presents Led Zeppelin: Their Time is Gonna Come |magazine=[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]] |year=2008 |page=24}}</ref> In an interview on the 25th anniversary edition of the album, Tull's bandleader [[Ian Anderson]] said that trying to record in the larger studio was very difficult, because of its "horrible, cold, echoey" feel.<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog"/> The orchestral segments were arranged by [[Dee Palmer]], who had worked with the band since 1968's ''[[This Was]]'', and would later join as a keyboard player. The master reels were assembled at [[Apple Studios (recording studio)|Apple Studios]] on 2 March 1971. ''Aqualung'' would be the last Jethro Tull album to include [[Clive Bunker]] as a band member, as he retired shortly after recording to start a family.<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog"/> ==Musical style== The songs on the album encompass a variety of musical genres, with elements of [[folk music|folk]], [[blues]], [[psychedelic music|psychedelia]], and [[hard rock]].{{sfn|Nollen|2001|p=66}} The "riff-heavy" nature of tracks such as "[[Locomotive Breath]]", "[[Hymn 43]]" and "Wind Up" is regarded as a factor in the band's increased success after the release of the album, with Jethro Tull becoming "a major arena act" and a "fixture on FM radio" according to [[AllMusic]].<ref name="AllMusic Review"/><ref name="jethrotull.com">{{cite web|url=http://jethrotull.com/aqualung/ |title=Jethro Tull - Aqualung (March 19, 1971)|publisher=JethroTull.com |access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> In a stylistic departure from Jethro Tull's earlier albums, many of ''Aqualung'''s songs are [[Acoustic music|acoustic]]. "Cheap Day Return", "Wond'ring Aloud" and "Slipstream" are short, completely acoustic "bridges", and "[[Mother Goose (song)|Mother Goose]]" is also mostly acoustic. Anderson claims his main inspirations for writing the album were [[Roy Harper (singer)|Roy Harper]] and [[Bert Jansch]].<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog"/> ==Themes== ''Aqualung'' has generally been regarded as a [[concept album]] with a central theme of "the distinction between religion and God".<ref name="Rolling Stone Review"/> The album's "dour musings on faith and religion" have marked it as "one of the most cerebral albums ever to reach millions of rock listeners".<ref name="AllMusic Review"/> Academic discussions of the nature of concept albums have frequently listed ''Aqualung'' amongst their number.{{sfn|Letts|2010|p=13}}{{sfn|Covach|Spicer|2010|p=215}}{{sfn|DeRogatis|2003|p=185}} The initial idea for the album was sparked by some photographs that Anderson's wife [[Jennie Franks|Jennie]] took of homeless people on the [[Thames Embankment]]. The appearance of one man in particular caught the interest of the couple, who together wrote the title song "Aqualung".{{sfn|Nollen|2001|p=64}} The first side of the LP, titled ''Aqualung'', contains several character sketches, including the character of the title track, and the schoolgirl prostitute [[Cross-Eyed Mary]], as well as two autobiographical tracks, including "Cheap Day Return", written by Anderson after a visit to his critically ill father.{{sfn|Nollen|2001|p=67}} The second side, titled ''My God'', contains three tracks—"My God", "[[Hymn 43]]" and "Wind-Up"—that address religion in an introspective, and sometimes irreverent, manner. However, despite the names given to the album's two sides and their related subject matter, Anderson has consistently maintained that ''Aqualung'' is not a "concept album". A 2005 interview included on ''Aqualung Live'' gives Anderson's thoughts on the matter:<ref name="Kettle">{{cite AV media notes |title=A Different Kettle of Very Different Fish |title-link=Aqualung Live |others=[[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]] |year=2005 |type=Track 16 |publisher=[[RandM Records]]}}</ref> {{blockquote|I always said at the time that this is not a concept album; this is just an album of varied songs of varied instrumentation and intensity in which three or four are the kind of keynote pieces for the album but it doesn't make it a concept album. In my mind when it came to writing the next album, ''[[Thick as a Brick]]'', was done very much in the sense of: 'Whuh, if they thought ''Aqualung'' was a concept album, Oh! Okay, we'll show you a concept album.' And it was done as a kind of spoof, a send-up, of the concept album genre. ... But ''Aqualung'' itself, in my mind was never a concept album. Just a bunch of songs.}} Drummer Clive Bunker believes that the record's perception as a concept album is a case of "[[Chinese whispers]]", explaining "you play the record to a couple of Americans, tell them that there's a lyrical theme loosely linking a few songs, and then notice the figure of the Aqualung character on the cover, and suddenly the word is out that Jethro Tull have done a concept album".<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog"/> The thematic elements Jethro Tull explored on the album—those of the effects of urbanisation on nature, and of the effects of social constructs such as religion on society—would be developed further on most of the band's subsequent releases.{{sfn|Nollen|2001|p=17}} Ian Anderson's frustration over the album's labelling as a concept album directly led to the creation of ''[[Thick as a Brick]]'' (1972), intended to be a deliberately "over the top" concept album in response.<ref name="Brick">{{cite web |url=https://jethrotull.com/taab/ |title=Thick as a Brick |publisher=Jethro Tull |access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> ===Other songs=== "Lick Your Fingers Clean" was recorded for ''Aqualung'', but was not included on the album. The song was drastically re-worked as "Two Fingers" for Tull's 1974 album, ''[[War Child (album)|War Child]]''. "Lick Your Fingers Clean" was eventually released in 1988 on the ''[[20 Years of Jethro Tull]]'' collection. It was then released as a bonus track on the 1996 and 2011 reissues of ''Aqualung''.{{sfn|Moore|2004|p=60}} Another song, "Wond'ring Again" was recorded on 21 June 1970 together with the original version of "Wond'ring Aloud" (included as one single seven-minute song on the Steven Wilson remaster of associated recordings 1970–1971, titled "Wond'ring Aloud, Again"), and was considered for release on the album before Anderson decided to drop it from the final track listing. "Wond'ring Again" was subsequently released on the compilation album, ''[[Living in the Past (album)|Living in the Past]]'', in 1972. A re-recording of "Wond'ring Aloud" was included on ''Aqualung''. Glenn Cornick played bass on the song and says that it is his favourite song he recorded with the band.<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog"/> Cornick also played bass on early studio recordings of "My God" and "a couple of other songs", though he did not say which they were.<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog"/> ==Album cover== The album's original cover art by [[Burton Silverman]] features a watercolour portrait of a long-haired, bearded man in shabby clothes. The idea for the cover came from a photograph Anderson's wife took of a homeless man on Thames Embankment, and Anderson later felt it would have been better to have used the photograph rather than commission the painting.{{sfn|Nollen|2001|p=64}} Ian Anderson recalls posing for a photograph for the painting, though Silverman claims it was a self-portrait.<ref name=":0"/> The artwork was commissioned and purchased by [[Chrysalis Records]] head [[Terry Ellis (manager)|Terry Ellis]] in 1971.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://theoutline.com/post/4490/jethro-tull-aqualung-cover-artist-burton-silverman|title=The painter behind Jethro Tull's Aqualung cover is still haunted by its success|last=Silverman|first=Robert|date=10 May 2018|work=The Outline|access-date=2018-05-15|language=en}}</ref> Silverman was paid a flat fee of $1,500 for the painting.<ref name=":0" /> There was no written contract.<ref name=":0" /> The artist says the art was only licensed for use as an album cover, and not for merchandising; he approached the band seeking remuneration for the additional uses, such as printing it on T-shirts and coffee mugs.<ref name=":0" /> The original artwork for both the front and back covers is missing. They were apparently stolen from a London hotel room,<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog">{{cite journal |last1=Lawson |first1=Dom |last2=Donlevy |first2=Michael |year=2011 |title=The Last Gasp |journal=Classic Rock Presents Prog |issue=15 |pages=34–45 |publisher=[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]]}}</ref> or perhaps from Chrysalis' office during a robbery.<ref name=":0" /> The original artwork for the interior gatefold painting was not taken during the robbery and is held by Terry Ellis.<ref name=":0" /> ==Release== In April 1971, ''Aqualung'' peaked at number four on the UK Album Chart; when the CD version was released in 1996, it reached number 52.<ref name="Chart Stats">{{cite web |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/jethro%20tull/ |title=Jethro Tull: Official Charts |work=[[The Official Charts Company]] |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> It peaked at No. 7 on the [[Billboard charts|Billboard]]'s North American pop albums chart;<ref name="US" >{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/aqualung-mw0000024632/awards|title=Aqualung – Jethro Tull Awards|work=[[AllMusic]] | publisher = [[Rovi Corporation]]|access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref> the single "[[Hymn 43]]" hit No. 91 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart.<ref name="Hymn 43 Billboard">{{cite magazine|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=jethro tull|chart=all}} |title=Hymn 43 - Jethro Tull: Billboard.com |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407140210/http://www.billboard.com/ |archive-date=7 April 2011 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> The album went on to sell over seven million copies, and is the band's best-selling album.<ref name="Discography"/> ''Aqualung'' was one of Jethro Tull's albums that were released in [[quadraphonic sound]]. The quadraphonic version of "Wind Up", which is in a slightly higher key, is included on a later CD reissue of the album as "Wind Up (quad version)".<ref name="Discography">{{cite web|url=http://www.j-tull.com/discography/aqualung/index.html |title=Aqualung – The Official Jethro Tull Website |publisher=Jethro Tull |access-date=5 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514082001/http://www.j-tull.com/discography/aqualung/index.html |archive-date=14 May 2011 }}</ref> The single "[[Hymn 43]]" was released on 14 August 1971, and reached number 91 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 charts, spending two weeks in the chart.<ref name="Hymn 43 Billboard"/> The song was the first single to chart by the band in the United States.<ref name="Discography"/> It was later included in the video game ''[[Rock Band 2]]'' as downloadable content;<ref name="Rock Band 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockband.com/songs/hymn43 |title=Hymn 43 by Jethro Tull // Songs // Rock Band |publisher=[[Harmonix Music Systems]] |access-date=18 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718175726/http://www.rockband.com/songs/hymn43 |archive-date=18 July 2010 }}</ref> which also featured the album's title track.<ref name="RB2, 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockband.com/songs/aqualung |title=Aqualung by Jethro Tull // Songs // Rock Band |publisher=[[Harmonix Music Systems]] |access-date=17 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013202407/http://www.rockband.com/songs/aqualung |archive-date=13 October 2012 }}</ref> The album was re-released in a 40th anniversary edition on 31 October 2011. The release contains a new stereo and 5.1 surround remix of the album by British musician and producer [[Steven Wilson]], the original quadraphonic mix, and comes in three different editions—a "collector's edition" containing the album on LP and two CDs, as well a DVD and a Blu-ray disc (with better sound quality than the DVD) and a hardback book; a "special edition" containing the two CDs and an abridged version of the book; and an "adapted edition" containing two CDs (with 2 extra songs not included in the other two 40th anniversary editions) and 2 DVDs in a hardcover book (written content is the same as in the Collector's Edition book, only the Chronology differs slightly).<ref name="40th">{{cite web|url=http://j-tull.com/discography/aqualungcollectors/index.html |title=Aqualung 40th Anniversary Collector's and Special Editions |first=Ian |last=Anderson |access-date=17 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925022357/http://www.j-tull.com/discography/aqualungcollectors/index.html |archive-date=25 September 2011 }}</ref> Justifying the remix, Steven Wilson said: "Jethro Tull's ''Aqualung'' is ... a masterpiece, but was sonically a very poor-sounding record. So, some didn't rate it as highly as they should have. What we did with ''Aqualung'' was really make that record gleam in a way it never gleamed before. I think a lot of people, including myself, have come around to thinking that the album is a lot better than they even gave it credit for previously. So, there is certainly something very gratifying about being able to polish what was already a diamond and making it shine in a way it never has before".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://innerviews.org/inner/wilson.html |title=Steven Wilson - Art as a mirror |publisher=Innerviews.org |access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> Additionally, according to mastering engineer [[Steve Hoffman (audio engineer)|Steve Hoffman]] there were tape stretching problems with the original session mixdown master, implying that many editions of the album used multigeneration copies as their source.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eqfuentes.com/video/13|title=Steve Hoffman and Jethro Tull|publisher=Eqfuentes.com|access-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030016/http://www.eqfuentes.com/video/13|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eqfuentes.com/video/14|title=Jethro Tull's Aqualung tape trouble|publisher=Eqfuentes.com|access-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001540/http://www.eqfuentes.com/video/14|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Critical reception== {{Music ratings |rev1 = [[AllMusic]] |rev1score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref name="AllMusic Review" >{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/aqualung-mw0000024632 |title=Jethro Tull - Aqualung review |last=Eder |first=Bruce |work=[[AllMusic]] |publisher=[[All Media Network]] |access-date=10 April 2016 }}</ref> |rev2 = ''[[Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies|Christgau's Record Guide]]'' |rev2Score = C+{{sfn|Christgau|1981|p=1981}} | rev4 = ''[[The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]'' | rev4Score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Larkin|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Larkin|title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|edition=4th|isbn=978-0195313734|title-link=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music}}</ref> |rev5 = ''[[MusicHound|MusicHound Rock]]'' |rev5score = 4/5<ref name="super">{{cite web |url=http://www.superseventies.com/jethrotull.html |title=Aqualung - Jethro Tull |publisher=Superseventies.com |access-date=10 April 2016 }}</ref> |rev6 = [[PopMatters]] |rev6score = 10/10<ref name="Popmatters">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/151720-jethro-tull-aqualung-40th-anniversary-special-edition/ |title=Jethro Tull: Aqualing (40th Anniversary Special Edition) |first=Sean |last=Murphy |magazine=[[PopMatters]] |date=9 December 2011 |access-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> |rev7 = ''[[Record Collector]]'' |rev7score = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref name="collector">{{cite magazine |url=http://recordcollectormag.com/reviews/aqualung-40thanniversary-collectorsedition |title=Jethro Tull - Aqualung: 40th Anniversary Collector's Edition |last=Rathbone |first=Oregano |magazine=[[Record Collector]] |date=December 2011 |access-date=10 April 2016 }}</ref> |rev8 = ''[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide]]'' |rev8score = {{Rating|3.5|5}}<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Brackett |editor1-first=Nathan |editor2-last=Hoard |editor2-first=Christian |title=The New Rolling Stone Album Guide |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |page=430 |edition=4th rev. |ol=21112308M}}</ref> |rev9 = ''[[Zagat|Zagat Survey Music Guide - 1,000 Top Albums of All Time]]'' |rev9score = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref name="super" /> | rev3 = The Daily Vault | rev3Score = A<ref name=vault>{{cite web |url= http://dailyvault.com/toc.php5?review=2523 |title=The Daily Vault Music Reviews : Aqualung |first=Riley |last=McDonald |work=dailyvault.com |year=2019 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> }} ''Aqualung'' received mixed to favourable reviews from contemporary music critics. ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's Ben Gerson lauded its "fine musicianship", calling it "serious and intelligent", although he felt that the album's seriousness "undermined" its quality.<ref name="Rolling Stone Review">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/aqualung-19710722 |title=Jethro Tull - Aqualung review |magazine=Rolling Stone |author=Ben Gerson |date=22 July 1971 |access-date=6 April 2011}}</ref> [[Sounds (magazine)|''Sounds'']] said that its "taste and variety" made it the band's "finest" work.<ref name="Sounds Review">{{cite web |url=http://www.tullpress.com/s10apr71.htm |title=Jethro Tull Press: Sounds, 10 April 1971 |date=10 April 1971 |publisher=[[Sounds (magazine)|Sounds]] |access-date=6 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514193114/http://www.tullpress.com/s10apr71.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Aqualung'' was voted the 22nd best album of 1971 in ''[[The Village Voice]]''{{'}}s annual [[Pazz & Jop]] critics' poll.<ref name="pazz">{{cite news|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pjres71.php|title=The 1971 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll|date=10 February 1972|access-date=5 July 2013}}</ref> [[Robert Christgau]], the poll's creator, was more critical of the album in a 1981 review, and described Anderson's undeveloped cultural interests and negative views on religion and human behaviour as both boring and pretentious.{{sfn|Christgau|1981|p=1981}} In retrospective reviews the album is generally lauded and viewed as a classic.<ref name="super"/><ref name="collector"/> [[AllMusic]]'s Bruce Eder called ''Aqualung'' "a bold statement" and "extremely profound".<ref name="AllMusic Review" /> In a review of the album's 40th anniversary re-release, Sean Murphy of [[PopMatters]] said that ''Aqualung'' "is, to be certain, a cornerstone of the then-nascent prog-rock canon, but it did—and does—exist wholly on its own terms as a great rock album, period." Murphy also praised the additional material featured on the release, finding that the new content was "where a great album gets even better".<ref name="Popmatters" /> Paul Stump's ''History of Progressive Rock'' was more measured in its praise, saying that ''Aqualung'' made little advancement over the group's previous album, ''[[Benefit (album)|Benefit]]''. He identified the improvements as the deeper, wider arrangements, and the diversions of the melody from the bassline accompaniments. He found the side two song cycle rambling but added that "if the lyrics were now tending towards the provocatively obscure, they were none the less possessed of some style, not least in their Blakean allusions".{{sfn|Stump|1997|p=166}} [[Steve Harris (musician)|Steve Harris]], the bass player for the heavy metal band [[Iron Maiden]], has called ''Aqualung'' "a classic album", lauding its "fantastic playing, fantastic songs, attitude [and] vibe". Iron Maiden would go on to cover "[[Cross-Eyed Mary]]" as the [[B-side]] of their 1983 single "[[The Trooper]]".<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog"/> ===Accolades=== ''Aqualung'' has also been appraised highly in retrospective listings, compiled by music writers and magazines. Martin Barre's solo on the album's title track was included in [[Guitarist (magazine)|''Guitarist'']] magazine's list of "The 20 Greatest Guitar Solos of All Time" at number 20.<ref name="Solo">{{cite web |url=http://www.musicradar.com/guitarist/the-20-greatest-guitar-solos-of-all-time-403987 |title=The 20 Greatest Guitar Solos of All Time |work=[[Guitarist (magazine)|Guitarist]] |date=22 March 2011 |access-date=18 April 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110429083439/http://www.musicradar.com/guitarist/the-20-greatest-guitar-solos-of-all-time-403987| archive-date= 29 April 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! Publication ! Country ! Accolade ! Year ! Rank |- | ''[[The Village Voice]]'' | US | The 1971 [[Pazz & Jop]] Critics Poll<ref name="pazz" /> | 1972 |align="center"|22 |- | ''[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]]'' | UK | The 100 Greatest Rock Albums of All Time{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} | 2001 |align="center"|30 |- | ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' | US | [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|500 Greatest Albums of All Time]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-156826/jethro-tull-aqualung-37848/| year=2012| title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rolling Stone's definitive list of the 500 greatest albums of all time| publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]| access-date= September 9, 2019}}</ref> | 2012 |align="center"|337 |- | ''The 100 Best-Selling Albums of the 70s'' | UK | <ref>{{cite book |last1=Champ |first1=Hamish |title=The 100 Best-Selling Albums of the 70s |publisher=Amber Books |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-904687-11-5 }}<!--|access-date=9 April 2016 --></ref> | 2004 |align="center"|90 |- | ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' | UK | 40 Cosmic Rock Albums<ref name="Q">{{cite journal |date=July 2005 |title=Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog |journal=Q & Mojo |volume=1}}</ref><ref name="Q list">{{cite web |url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/q_mojo_se.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507010757/http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/q_mojo_se.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=7 May 2006 |title=Rocklist.net ... Q & Mojo Magazine Special Editions Vol. 1 |publisher=Rocklist.net |access-date=8 April 2011}}</ref> | 2005 |align="center"| 7 |- | ''[[1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die]]'' | US | <ref>{{cite book | last1 = AA.VV. | title = [[1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die]] |editor= Robert Dimery | publisher = Universe Publishing | date = 7 February 2006 | isbn = 978-1-84403-392-8}}<!--| access-date = 22 May 2013 --></ref> | 2005 |align="center"| No order |- | ''[[Guitarist (magazine)|Guitarist]]'' | UK | The 20 Greatest Guitar Solos of All Time<ref name="Solo" /> | 2011 |align="center"|20 |- | ''[[Prog (magazine)|Prog]]'' | UK | The 100 Greatest Prog Albums of All Time<ref>{{cite web |url=http://teamrock.com/feature/2014-08-06/the-100-greatest-prog-albums-of-all-time-60-41 |title=The 100 Greatest Prog Albums Of All Time: 60-41 |last1=Kilroy |first1=Hannah May |last2=Ewing |first2=Jerry |date=6 August 2014 |access-date=9 April 2016 }}</ref> | 2014 |align="center"|43 |- |} ==Track listing== ===Vinyl release (1971)=== {{Track listing | all_writing = [[Ian Anderson]], except where noted | headline = Side one: Aqualung | title1 = [[Aqualung (song)|Aqualung]] | note1 = Ian Anderson, [[Jennie Franks|Jennie Anderson]] | length1 = 6:34 | title2 = [[Cross-Eyed Mary]] | length2 = 4:06 | title3 = Cheap Day Return | length3 = 1:21 | title4 = [[Mother Goose (song)|Mother Goose]] | length4 = 3:51 | title5 = Wond'ring Aloud | length5 = 1:53 | title6 = Up to Me | length6 = 3:15 }} {{Track listing | headline = Side two: My God | title1 = My God | length1 = 7:08 | title2 = [[Hymn 43]] | length2 = 3:14 | title3 = Slipstream | length3 = 1:13 | title4 = [[Locomotive Breath]] | length4 = 4:23 | title5 = Wind-Up | length5 = 6:01 }} Original North American [[Reprise Records]] pressings of ''Aqualung'' contained a slightly edited version of the title song, with its first three seconds (i.e., the first utterance of the song's signature riff) removed. These pressings correspondingly list the song's length at 6:31.<ref>Reprise catalogue number MS 2035, released March 1971.</ref> ===CD issue (1996)=== {{Track listing | headline = | title12 = Lick Your Fingers Clean | length12 = 2:46 | title13 = Wind Up | note13 = Quad Version | length13 = 5:24 | title14 = Excerpts from the Ian Anderson Interview | note14 = Mojo Magazine | length14 = 13:59 | title15 = [[A Song for Jeffrey|Song for Jeffrey]] | note15 = BBC | length15 = 2:51 | title16 = Fat Man | note16 = BBC | length16 = 2:57 | title17 = [[Bourrée in E minor#Jethro Tull version|Bouree]] | note17 = BBC, written by Ian Anderson, [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] | length17 = 3:58 }} ===40th anniversary special edition (2011) === <!-- 14Aug2018 changed it from "collector's edition" to the proper "special edition"--> The 2011 version was remixed by Steven Wilson and remastered by Peter Mew. CD 1: Original Album {{Track listing | headline = CD 2: Associated recordings 1970–1971 | title1 = Lick Your Fingers Clean | length1 = 2:49 | title2 = Just Trying to Be | length2 = 1:38 | title3 = My God | note3 = Early Version | length3 = 9:43 | title4 = Wond'ring Aloud | note4 = 13 December 1970 | length4 = 1:52 | title5 = Wind-Up | note5 = Early Version | length5 = 5:22 | title6 = Slipstream | note6 = Take 2 | length6 = 0:55 | title7 = Up the 'Pool | note7 = Early Version | length7 = 3:13 | title8 = Wond'ring Aloud, Again | length8 = 7:08 | title9 = Life is a Long Song | length9 = 3:20 | title10 = Up the 'Pool | length10 = 3:09 | title11 = Dr. Bogenbroom | note11 = Original EP Stereo Mix | length11 = 2:58 | title12 = From Later | note12 = Original EP Stereo Mix | length12 = 2:04 | title13 = Nursie | note13 = Original EP Stereo Mix | length13 = 1:35 | title14 = Reprise Radio Advert | length14 = 0:51 }} ===40th anniversary adapted edition: Remixed and mastered by Steven Wilson (2016)=== <!--As can be seen on Rhino Records' release notes for the album here http://www.rhino.com/article/now-available-jethro-tull-aqualung-45th-anniversary-edition, this is a 45th anniversary release, NOT 40th. --> <!-- 14Aug2018: ACTUALLY THIS IS INCORRECT!! IT IS INDEED THE 40TH. Watch the youtube video (link below) to confirm. Specifically goto 2:04 and look at the title page of the book! It very clearly says 40th and the date is MMXVI (I also have seen it in person and can confirm)! The 2016 is the "40th anniversary adapted edition", the 2011 is the "40th anniversary special edition." The youtube video is 'https://youtu.be/-pbm-fzsYUc' YOU NEED TO REMOVE THE APOSTROPHES FOR THE LINK TO WORK. The reason they are both "40th anniversary editions" is because they are both the same 2011 remastered material by Steven Wilson--> The 2016 edition was remastered by Steven Wilson of his 2011 remixed material as he did not like Peter Mew's mastering. {{Track listing | headline = CD 1: Steven Wilson remaster and stereo remix of the album | title1 = Aqualung | length1 = 6:38 | title2 = Cross-Eyed Mary | length2 = 4:11 | title3 = Cheap Day Return | length3 = 1:23 | title4 = Mother Goose | length4 = 3:53 | title5 = Wond'ring Aloud | length5 = 1:56 | title6 = Up to Me | length6 = 3:17 | title7 = My God | length7 = 7:13 | title8 = Hymn 43 | length8 = 3:19 | title9 = Slipstream | length9 = 1:13 | title10 = Locomotive Breath | length10 = 4:42 | title11 = Wind-Up | length11 = 6:00 }} {{Track listing | headline = CD 2: Steven Wilson remaster of associated recordings 1970–1971 and stereo remix of tracks 1–10 | title1 = Lick Your Fingers Clean | length1 = 2:49 | title2 = Just Trying to Be | length2 = 1:38 | title3 = My God | note3 = Early Version | length3 = 9:43 | title4 = Wond'ring Aloud | note4 = 13 December 1970, the second known version of this song | length4 = 1:52 | title5 = Wind-Up | note5 = Early Version | length5 = 5:22 | title6 = Slipstream | note6 = Take 2 | length6 = 0:55 | title7 = Up the 'Pool | note7 = Early Version | length7 = 3:13 | title8 = Wond'ring Aloud, Again | note8 = 21 June 1970) * The first recording of this song, actually made up of two parts: ** a. Wond'ring Aloud (the first version of Wond'ring Aloud) ** b. Wond'ring Again (Part II of Wond'ring Alound, originally released on [[Living in the Past (album)|Living In The Past]] | length8 = 7:08 | title9 = Life is a Long Song | length9 = 3:20 | title10 = Up the 'Pool | length10 = 3:13 | title11 = Life is a Long Song | note11 = Original EP Flat Transfer | length11 = 3:21 | title12 = Up the 'Pool | note12 = Original EP Flat Transfer | length12 = 3:13 | title13 = Dr. Bogenbroom | note13 = Original EP Flat Transfer | length13 = 3:01 | title14 = From Later | note14 = Original EP Flat Transfer | length14 = 2:09 | title15 = Nursie | note15 = Original EP Flat Transfer | length15 = 1:38 | title16 = Reprise Radio Advert | length16 = 0:53 }} {{Track listing | headline = DVD 1: Steven Wilson 5.1 surround and stereo mixes of the album and associated recordings 1970–1971 | title1 = Aqualung | note1 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length1 = 6:38 | title2 = Cross-Eyed Mary | note2 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length2 = 4:11 | title3 = Cheap Day Return | note3 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length3 = 1:23 | title4 = Mother Goose | note4 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length4 = 3:53 | title5 = Wond'ring Aloud | note5 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length5 = 1:56 | title6 = Up to Me | note6 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length6 = 3:17 | title7 = My God | note7 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length7 = 7:13 | title8 = Hymn 43 | note8 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length8 = 3:19 | title9 = Slipstream | note9 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length9 = 1:13 | title10 = Locomotive Breath | note10 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length10 = 4:42 | title11 = Wind-Up | note11 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length11 = 6:00 | title12 = Aqualung | note12 = Stereo Mix | length12 = 6:38 | title13 = Cross-Eyed Mary | note13 = Stereo Mix | length13 = 4:11 | title14 = Cheap Day Return | note14 = Stereo Mix | length14 = 1:23 | title15 = Mother Goose | note15 = Stereo Mix | length15 = 3:53 | title16 = Wond'ring Aloud | note16 = Stereo Mix | length16 = 1:56 | title17 = Up to Me | note17 = Stereo Mix | length17 = 3:17 | title18 = My God | note18 = Stereo Mix | length18 = 7:13 | title19 = Hymn 43 | note19 = Stereo Mix | length19 = 3:19 | title20 = Slipstream | note20 = Stereo Mix | length20 = 1:13 | title21 = Locomotive Breath | note21 = Stereo Mix | length21 = 4:42 | title22 = Wind-Up | note22 = Stereo Mix | length22 = 6:00 | title23 = Lick Your Fingers Clean | note23 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length23 = 2:49 | title24 = Just Trying to Be | note24 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length24 = 1:38 | title25 = My God | note25 = Early Version) (5.1 Surround Mix | length25 = 9:43 | title26 = Wind-Up | note26 = Early Version) (5.1 Surround Mix | length26 = 5:22 | title27 = Wond'ring Aloud, Again | note27 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length27 = 7:08 | title28 = Life is a Long Song | note28 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length28 = 3:20 | title29 = Up the 'Pool | note29 = 5.1 Surround Mix | length29 = 3:13 | title30 = Lick Your Fingers Clean | note30 = Stereo Mix | length30 = 2:49 | title31 = Just Trying to Be | note31 = Stereo Mix | length31 = 1:38 | title32 = My God | note32 = Early Version) (Stereo Mix | length32 = 9:43 | title33 = Wond'ring Aloud | note33 = 13 December 1970) (Stereo Mix | length33 = 1:52 | title34 = Wind-Up | note34 = Early Version) (Stereo Mix | length34 = 5:22 | title35 = Slipstream | note35 = Take 2) (Stereo Mix | length35 = 0:55 | title36 = Up the 'Pool | note36 = Early Version) (Stereo Mix | length36 = 3:13 | title37 = Wond'ring Aloud, Again | note37 = Stereo Mix | length37 = 7:08 | title38 = Life is a Long Song | note38 = Stereo Mix | length38 = 3:20 | title39 = Up the 'Pool | note39 = Stereo Mix | length39 = 3:13 }} {{Track listing | headline = DVD 2: Flat transfer of the original album and EP stereo and quadrophonic mixes and Life is a Long Song promotional film with new remixed stereo soundtrack | title1 = Aqualung | note1 = Original Stereo Mix | length1 = 6:38 | title2 = Cross-Eyed Mary | note2 = Original Stereo Mix | length2 = 4:11 | title3 = Cheap Day Return | note3 = Original Stereo Mix | length3 = 1:23 | title4 = Mother Goose | note4 = Original Stereo Mix | length4 = 3:53 | title5 = Wond'ring Aloud | note5 = Original Stereo Mix | length5 = 1:56 | title6 = Up to Me | note6 = Original Stereo Mix | length6 = 3:17 | title7 = My God | note7 = Original Stereo Mix | length7 = 7:13 | title8 = Hymn 43 | note8 = Original Stereo Mix | length8 = 3:19 | title9 = Slipstream | note9 = Original Stereo Mix | length9 = 1:13 | title10 = Locomotive Breath | note10 = Original Stereo Mix | length10 = 4:42 | title11 = Wind-Up | note11 = Original Stereo Mix | length11 = 6:00 | title12 = Aqualung | note12 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length12 = 6:38 | title13 = Cross-Eyed Mary | note13 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length13 = 4:11 | title14 = Cheap Day Return | note14 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length14 = 1:23 | title15 = Mother Goose | note15 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length15 = 3:53 | title16 = Wond'ring Aloud | note16 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length16 = 1:56 | title17 = Up to Me | note17 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length17 = 3:17 | title18 = My God | note18 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length18 = 7:13 | title19 = Hymn 43 | note19 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length19 = 3:19 | title20 = Slipstream | note20 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length20 = 1:13 | title21 = Locomotive Breath | note21 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length21 = 4:42 | title22 = Wind-Up | note22 = Original Quadrophonic Mix | length22 = 6:00 | title23 = Life is a Long Song | note23 = Original Stereo Mix | length23 = 3:21 | title24 = Up the 'Pool | note24 = Original Stereo Mix | length24 = 3:13 | title25 = Dr. Bogenbroom | note25 = Original Stereo Mix | length25 = 3:01 | title26 = From Later | note26 = Original Stereo Mix | length26 = 2:09 | title27 = Nursie | note27 = Original Stereo Mix | length27 = 1:38 | title28 = Life is a Long Song promotional video }} ===Aqualung Live (2005)=== ''Aqualung Live'' is a live album of a performance of ''Aqualung'' before an audience of 40 invited guests at [[XM Satellite Radio|XM Studios]] in Washington, D.C., on 23 November 2004. It was released in the UK in September 2005 by RandM Records. In the US, the album was given away to ticket holders on almost all US concerts in October and November 2005,{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} before being given an official release on 7 March 2006. Royalties from the European release went to various charities for the [[homelessness|homeless]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} ;Track listing <small>All songs written by [[Ian Anderson (musician)|Ian Anderson]]</small> # "[[Aqualung (song)|Aqualung]]" – 7:56 # "[[Cross-Eyed Mary]]" – 4:34 # "Cheap Day Return" – 1:21 # "[[Mother Goose (song)|Mother Goose]]" – 5:39 # "Wond'ring Aloud" – 2:00 # "Up to Me" – 3:35 # "My God" – 8:27 # "[[Hymn 43]]" – 4:22 # "Slipstream" – 0:59 # "[[Locomotive Breath]]" – 5:19 # "Wind-Up" – 6:40 # Riffs – Another Monkey – 1:27 # Recording the Original – 2:05 # Choosing My Words with Care – 1:17 # Hummmmmm 43 – 0:35 # A Different Kettle of Very Different Fish – 1:02 # But is It Any Good? – 1:42 ==Personnel== * [[Ian Anderson]] – [[lead vocals]], [[Steel-string guitar|acoustic guitar]], [[flute]], production * [[Martin Barre]] – [[electric guitar]], descant [[Recorder (musical instrument)|recorder]] * [[Jeffrey Hammond]] (as "Jeffrey Hammond-Hammond") – [[bass guitar]], alto recorder, odd voices; backing vocals on "Mother Goose" * [[John Evan]] – [[piano]], [[organ (music)|organ]], [[Mellotron]] * [[Clive Bunker]] – [[drums]] and [[percussion]] ;Additional personnel * [[Glenn Cornick]] – bass guitar (played with the band at rehearsals for the album in June 1970, some of which may also have been recording sessions – particularly early versions of "My God" and "Wondring Again/Wondring Aloud" – although he is not credited on the album)<ref name="Classic Rock Presents Prog"/> * [[John Burns (audio engineer)|John Burns]] – recording engineer * [[Dee Palmer]] – orchestral arrangements and conducting * [[Burton Silverman]] – album artwork * [[Terry Ellis (record producer)|Terry Ellis]] – producer ==Charts== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! Chart (1971) ! Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Australian Albums ([[Kent Music Report]])<ref name=aus>{{cite book|last=Kent|first=David|author-link=David Kent (historian)|title=Australian Chart Book 1970–1992|edition=illustrated|publisher=Australian Chart Book|location=St Ives, N.S.W.|year=1993|isbn=0-646-11917-6}}</ref> | align="center"| 3 |- {{Album chart|Canada|5|chartid=5367|artist=Jethro Tull|album=Aqualung |rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- !scope="row"|Danish Albums ([[Tracklisten]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://danskehitlister.dk/?song_id=6289 |title=Aqualung – Jethro Tull |language=da |publisher=Danskehilister.dk |access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref> |align=center|3 |- ! scope="row"| Finnish Albums ([[The Official Finnish Charts]])<ref name=FINI>{{cite book|last=Pennanen|first=Timo|title=Sisältää hitin – levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972|edition=1st|publisher=Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava|location=Helsinki|year=2006|isbn=978-951-1-21053-5| language= fi}}</ref> | align="center"| 6 |- {{Album chart|Germany4|5|id=22539|artist=Jethro Tull|album=Aqualung |rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- ! scope="row"|Italian Albums (''[[Musica e Dischi]]'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicaedischi.it/classifiche_archivio.php|title=Classifiche|work=[[Musica e Dischi]]|language=it|access-date=June 20, 2024}} Set "Tipo" on "Album". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "Jethro Tull".</ref> | align="center"| 2 |- {{Album chart|Norway|3|artist=Jethro Tull|album=Aqualung |rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|UK2|4|date=19710404|refname=UK albums|rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|Billboard200|7|artist=Jethro Tull|refname=Billboard 200|rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! Chart (1996-1997) ! Peak<br/>position |- {{Album chart|Germany4 |44|id=50169|artist=Jethro Tull|album=Aqualung |rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|UK|53|date=19960623|refname=UKA1|rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|UKRock|6|date=19960623|refname=UKR1|rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! Chart (2016) ! Peak<br/>position |- {{Album chart|Austria|60|artist=Jethro Tull|album=Aqualung |rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|Italy|42|artist=Jethro Tull|album=Aqualung |rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|Scotland|37|date=20160429|rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|Spain|89|artist=Jethro Tull|album=Aqualung |rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|UK|76|date=20160429|refname=UKA2|rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |- {{Album chart|UKRock|2|date=20160429|refname=UKR2|rowheader=true|accessdate=June 20, 2024}} |} ==Certifications== {{certification Table Top}} {{Certification Table Entry|type=album|region=Australia|award=Gold|relyear=1971|certyear=1976|certref=<ref name=JETHRO>{{cite web|url=https://www.backstageauctions.com/catalog/jethro-tull-1976-festival-records-in-house-award-presented-to-terry-ellis/i/0/45258/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515062747/https://www.backstageauctions.com/catalog/jethro-tull-1976-festival-records-in-house-award-presented-to-terry-ellis/i/0/45258/|archive-date=May 15, 2025|url-status=dead|title=Jethro Tull 1976 Festival Records Australian Award Presented To Terry Ellis|access-date=May 15, 2025}}</ref>}} {{certification Table Entry|region=Germany|type=album|relyear=1971|artist=Jethro Tull|title=Aqualung|award=Gold|certyear=2008}} {{certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=album|relyear=2011|artist=Jethro Tull|title=Aqualung|award=Gold|certyear=2013|id=563-1925-2|note=2011 release}} {{certification Table Entry|region=United States|type=album|relyear=1971|artist=Jethro Tull|title=Aqualung |award=Platinum|number=3|certyear=1989}} {{certification Table Bottom|nosales=yes}} ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} ===References=== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|last=Christgau|first=Robert|author-link=Robert Christgau|year=1981|title=Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies|publisher=[[Ticknor & Fields]]|isbn=0-89919-025-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/christgausrecord00robe_1}} * {{cite book|last1=Covach|first1=John|last2=Spicer|first2=Mark|title=Sounding Out Pop: Analytical Essays in Popular Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eg0dpgvfVqEC&pg=PA215|year=2010|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-03400-0}} * {{cite book|last=DeRogatis|first=Jim |title=Turn on your mind: four decades of great psychedelic rock|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7cQmRsLgN8C&pg=PA185|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-0-634-05548-5|year=2003}} * {{cite book|last=Letts|first=Marianne Tatom |title=Radiohead and the Resistant Concept Album: How to Disappear Completely|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3HSuhm6DRGgC&pg=PA13|year=2010|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-22272-5}} * {{cite book|last=Moore|first=Allan|title=Jethro Tull's Aqualung|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxjeV3ffSCwC|year=2004|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4411-7400-0}} * {{cite book |title=Jethro Tull: a history of the band, 1968–2001 |last=Nollen |first=Scott Allen |year=2001 |publisher=McFarland & Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsvpFwKVCN4C|isbn=978-0-7864-1101-6 }} *{{cite book |last=Stump |first=Paul |title=The Music's All that Matters: A History of Progressive Rock |date=1997 |publisher=Quartet Books Limited |isbn=0-7043-8036-6 }} {{refend}} == External links == * {{discogs release|708318}} {{Jethro Tull}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aqualung (Jethro Tull Album)}} [[Category:Jethro Tull (band) albums]] [[Category:1971 albums]] [[Category:Chrysalis Records albums]] [[Category:Island Records albums]] [[Category:Reprise Records albums]] [[Category:Albums produced by Terry Ellis (record producer)]] [[Category:Albums produced by Ian Anderson]] [[Category:1970s concept albums]]
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Aqualung (album)
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