Editing Antiochus V Eupator

{{Short description|King of the Seleucid Empire from 164 to 162 BC}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title        = 
| image        = Antiochos V Eupator tetradrachm obverse.jpg
| caption      = Silver tetradrachm of Antiochos V Eupator, minted in Antioch, featuring a portrait of Antiochos on the obverse. SC 1575.11
| succession   = [[Basileus]] of the [[Seleucid Empire]]
| moretext     = 
| reign        = November/December 164 – 162 BC
| predecessor  = [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]]
| successor    = [[Demetrius I Soter]]
| regent       = [[Lysias (Syrian chancellor)|General Lysias]]
| reg-type     = Regent
| spouse 1     = 
| issue        = 
| house        = [[Seleucid dynasty|Seleucid]]
| house-type   = Dynasty
| father       = [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]]
| mother       = [[Laodice IV]]
| birth_date   = {{circa}} 172 BC
| death_date   = 162 BC (aged 10 or 11)
}}

'''Antiochus V Eupator''' ({{langx|grc|Αντίοχος Ε' Ευπάτωρ}}), whose epithet means "of a good father" ({{circa|172 BC}} – 162 BC)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livius.org/articles/person/antiochus-v-eupator/?|title=Antiochus V Eupator|work=Livius.org}}</ref> was a ruler of the [[Seleucid Empire]] who reigned from late 164 to 162 BC (based on dates from [[1 Maccabees]] 6:16 and 7:1).<ref>[[Confraternity of Christian Doctrine#Contemporary Usage|Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc.]], footnotes b and c at {{bibleverse|1|Maccabees|6|NABRE}} in the [[New American Bible (Revised Edition)]], accessed 18 December 2020</ref>

He was appointed as king by the Romans<ref name="auto">Appian ''Roman History'', Syrian Wars 8.46.</ref> with his protector [[Lysias (Syrian chancellor)|Lysias]] as [[regent]].<ref>1 Maccabees 6:17</ref>

==Biography==
===Early life and succession===
Antiochus V was only nine years old when he succeeded to the kingship, following the death in [[Persia]] of his father [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] and his mother [[Laodice IV]]. The general Lysias, who had been left in charge of [[Coele-Syria|Syria]] by Epiphanes, served as regent for the child, although he was challenged by other generals. The [[Roman Senate]] still kept [[Demetrius I Soter|Demetrius]], son of [[Seleucus IV Philopator|Seleucus IV]] and the rightful heir to the throne, as a hostage, refusing to release him because they considered it better to have Syria nominally ruled by a boy and his regent than the 22-year-old Demetrius.<ref name="auto"/>

===Reign===
[[File:Antiochus v.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Coin depicting Antiochus V, with the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] inscription {{lang|grc|ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY}}, meaning "of King Antiochus"]]
At the outset of the reign of Antiochus V, there was an attempt by the Syrians to quell the [[Maccabean Revolt]] in [[Judea]], but this ended in a weak compromise. After a military victory in the [[Battle of Beth Zechariah|Battle of Beth-Zecharia]] and the killing of [[Eleazar Avaran]], a brother of [[Judas Maccabeus]], [[Lysias (Syrian chancellor)|Lysias]] was informed that Philip (a confidant of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who had accompanied this previous king to conquer [[Mesopotamia]] and had been entrusted prior to the death of the king with the upbringing of Antiochus V) was returning to the capital with the other half of the [[Seleucid army]]. Lysias felt threatened and advised Antiochus V to offer peace to the [[Jews]]. The Jews accepted; however, in order to ensure they would not rise against them again soon, the Syrian king and regent broke their promise and tore down the walls of Jerusalem before leaving. Upon reaching their own kingdom, Lysias and Antiochus V found Philip in control of the capital Antioch, but they defeated him and retook the city and kingdom.<ref>1 Maccabees 6:55-63.</ref>

===Downfall and death===
When the Roman Senate heard that the Syrian kingdom kept more warships and elephants than allowed by the [[Treaty of Apamea]] made in 188 BC, they sent a Roman embassy to travel along the cities of Syria and attempted to cripple Seleucid military power by sinking the Syrians' warships and [[hamstringing]] their elephants. Lysias dared do nothing to oppose the Romans, but his subservience so enraged his Syrian subjects that the Roman envoy [[Gnaeus Octavius (consul 165 BC)|Gnaeus Octavius]] was assassinated in [[Latakia|Laodicea]] in 162 BC.<ref name="auto"/>

At this juncture Demetrius escaped from Rome and was received in Syria as the true king. Antiochus V Eupator was soon put to death together with his protector Lysias.

==See also==
{{Portal|Asia}}
* [[List of Syrian monarchs]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://virtualreligion.net/iho/antiochus_5.html Antiochus V Eupator] entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid dynasty]]||172 BC||161 BC}}
{{s-reg}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of kings of Persia#Seleucid dynasty.2C 305.E2.80.93164 BC|Seleucid King]]<br /><small>([[King of Syria]])</small>|years=163&ndash;161 BC}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Demetrius I Soter]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Hellenistic rulers}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:170s BC births]]
[[Category:161 BC deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Seleucid monarchs]]
[[Category:Ancient child monarchs]]
[[Category:People in the books of the Maccabees]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC murdered monarchs]]
[[Category:Monarchs who died as children]]
[[Category:Children of Antiochus IV Epiphanes]]