Editing Antiochus IX Cyzicenus

{{Short description|King of Syria from 116 to 95 BC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
| title        =  Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus
| titletext    = 
| more         = 
| type         = 
| image        = Antiochos IX Kyzikenos, Tetradrachm, 110-109 BC, HGC 3-1228i.jpg
| image_size   = 300px
| alt          = 
| caption      = Tetradrachm of Antiochos IX, with [[Athena Nike]] on the reverse, minted at [[Antioch]] ''circa'' 110-109 BC.<ref>Oliver D. Hoover, ''Handbook of Syrian Coins: Royal and Civic Issues, Fourth to First Centuries BC'' [The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 9], Lancaster/London, Classical Numismatic Group, 2009, pp. 250-251.</ref>

| succession   = [[King of Syria]]
| moretext     = ([[Seleucid Empire]])
| reign        = 116–95 BC
| coronation   = 
| cor-type     = 
| predecessor  = [[Antiochus VIII]] 
| successor    = [[Seleucus VI]], [[Demetrius III Eucaerus|Demetrius III]]
| suc-type     = Successors
| regent       = {{ubl|Antiochus VIII (116–96 BC)|Seleucus VI (96–95 BC)|Demetrius III (96–95 BC)}}
| reg-type     = Contenders
| birth_name   = 
| birth_date   = Unknown <!-- {{birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = 96 BC<!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| death_place  = 
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| spouse       = {{plain list|
*[[Cleopatra IV]] (married c. 115–112 BC)
*[[Cleopatra Selene of Syria]] (married 96 BC)}}
| consort      = <!-- yes or no -->
| issue        = [[Antiochus X Eusebes]] <!--list children in order of birth-->
| issue-link   = 
| issue-pipe   = 
| issue-type   = 
| full name    = 
| era name     = 
| era dates    = 
| regnal name  = 
| posthumous name = 
| temple name  = 
| house        = [[Seleucid dynasty|Seleucid]]
| house-type   = Dynasty
| father       = [[Antiochus VII Sidetes]]  
| mother       = [[Cleopatra Thea]]

| occupation   = 
| signature_type = 
| signature    = 
}}

'''Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus''' ({{langx|el|Ἀντίοχος Εὐσεβής Κυζικηνός}}, "Antiochus the Pious, the [[Cyzicene]]") was a ruler of the [[Hellenistic]] [[Seleucid kingdom]]. He was the son of [[Antiochus VII]] and [[Cleopatra Thea]].<ref name="Virtual_Religion_AntiochusIX">[http://virtualreligion.net/iho/antiochus_9.html Antiochus IX Cyzicenus] entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith</ref> He left the kingdom in 129 BC and went to the city of Cyzicus, but he returned in 116 BC to challenge his half-brother [[Antiochus VIII]] for power.

The siblings fought a twenty-year civil war. In 112 BC, Antiochus IX's wife, [[Cleopatra IV]], was killed by her sister [[Tryphaena]], the wife of Antiochus VIII. Tryphaena herself died shortly afterwards. Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC; he was succeeded by his sons [[Seleucus VI]] and [[Demetrius III Eucaerus|Demetrius III]]. Antiochus IX then took the capital [[Antioch]] and married his deceased wife's sister [[Cleopatra Selene of Syria|Cleopatra Selene]], who was herself the widow of Antiochus VIII. Seleucus VI continued the war against his uncle.  Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus was killed in battle in 95 B.C.

==Biography==
[[File:Antakya Archaeological Museum Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator head sept 2019 5835.jpg|thumb|Bust probably depicting Antiochus IX.<ref>ARTHUR HOUGHTON, '' THE PORTRAIT OF ANTIOCHUS IX'' [ Antike Kunst, vol 27, issue 2], Vereinigung der Freunde Antiker Kunst, 1984, pp. 123-128.</ref>]]
The son of [[Antiochus VII]] and [[Cleopatra Thea]],<ref name="Virtual_Religion_AntiochusIX"/> upon the death of his father in [[Parthia]] and his uncle [[Demetrius II Nicator|Demetrius II]]'s return to power (129 BC), his mother sent him to [[Cyzicus]] on the [[Bosporus]], thus giving him his nickname.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

Following the death of his mother c. 121 BC,<ref name="Virtual_Religion_AntiochusIX"/> Antiochus IX Cyzicenus challenged his half-brother, [[Antiochus VIII]], for power over Syria.<ref name="Virtual_Religion_AntiochusIX"/>

He returned to [[Syria]] in 116 BC to claim the [[Seleucid dynasty|Seleucid]] throne from Antiochus VIII, with whom he eventually divided Syria,{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} that same year.<ref name="Virtual_Religion_AntiochusIX"/>

Antiochus IX was first married to [[Cleopatra IV]], who was said to have been killed in 112 BC<ref name="penelope.uchicago.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Africa/Egypt/_Texts/BEVHOP/11*.html|title = E. R. Bevan: The House of Ptolemy • Chap. XI}}</ref> by her sister and rival [[Tryphaena]], wife of Antiochus VIII.<ref name="DH">Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004</ref><ref name="CB">[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/thea_fr.htm Cleopatra Thea] by Chris Bennett</ref><ref>Justin 39, 3, 3-11.</ref> Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC. Antiochus IX then captured Antioch and married his brother's widow, [[Cleopatra Selene of Syria|Cleopatra Selene]], who was the sister of Cleopatra IV.<ref name="penelope.uchicago.edu"/>

Antiochus IX was subsequently killed in battle against Antiochus VIII's son [[Seleucus VI]] later in 96 BC.

==Legacy==
Antiochus IX probably created the [[Iturea]]n tetrarchy as an ally against Antiochus VIII.{{sfn|Wright|2005|p= 80}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Asia}}
* [[List of Syrian monarchs]]
* [[Timeline of Syrian history]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite journal|last=Wright|first=Nicholas L.|year= 2005|title=Seleucid Royal Cult, Indigenous Religious Traditions and Radiate Crowns: The Numismatic Evidence|journal=Mediterranean Archaeology|publisher=Sydney University Press|volume=18|issn=1030-8482|page=81}}
*{{cite journal|last=Vermeule|first=Cornelius|year= 1970|title=Near Eastern, Greek, and Roman Gems: A Recent Gift to the Collections|journal=Boston Museum Bulletin|publisher=Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|volume=68|issue=353|pages=197–214|oclc=866801443|jstor=4171534}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/oval-gem-with-portrait-of-hellenistic-prince-perhaps-a-seleucid-262618 An engraved gem.] Property of The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. It probably depicts Antiochus IX.{{sfn|Vermeule|1970|p=205}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid dynasty]]||Unknown||96 BC}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Antiochus VIII]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Seleucid Empire|Seleucid King]] <small>([[King of Syria]])</small>|years=114&ndash;95 BC|regent1=[[Antiochus VIII]]|years1=116&ndash;95 BC}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Seleucus VI]] and [[Demetrius III Eucaerus|Demetrius III]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Hellenistic rulers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Antiochus 09}}
[[Category:2nd-century BC births]]
[[Category:96 BC deaths]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Seleucid monarchs]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Seleucid monarchs]]
[[Category:Monarchs killed in action]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]