Editing Anthony of Padua

{{short description|Portuguese Catholic priest (1195–1231)}}
{{About||the Italian film|Anthony of Padua (film)|others known as Saint Anthony|Saint Anthony (disambiguation){{!}}Saint Anthony}}
{{redirect|Saint Anthony of Padua|the painting by El Greco|Saint Anthony of Padua (El Greco)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox saint
| honorific_prefix = [[Saint]]
| name = Anthony of Padua
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of Friars Minor|OFM]]
| birth_date = 15 August 1195
| death_date ={{death date and age|1231|6|13|1195|8|15|df=y}}
| feast_day = 13 June
| venerated_in = [[Catholic Church]], [[Anglican Communion]]
| image = Francisco de Zurbarán - Sto Antonio de Padua.jpg
| caption = ''Anthony of Padua'' by [[Francisco de Zurbarán]], 1627–1630
| birth_name = Fernando Martins de Bulhões
| birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
| death_place = {{ubl|[[Padua]], [[Lombard League]], [[Holy Roman Empire]] | {{small|(now [[Italy in the Middle Ages|Italy]])}} }}
| titles = [[Doctor of the Church]]
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date = 30 May 1232
| canonized_place = Spoleto, Italy
| canonized_by = [[Pope Gregory IX]]
| attributes = Religious habit of a [[Order of Friars Minor|Friar Minor]], lily, book, [[tonsure]], holding the [[Child Jesus|Infant Jesus]], mule
| patronage = [[Custody of the Holy Land]], miracles, travelers, finding one's spouse, pregnancy, harvests, animals, lost items, lost people, lost souls, poverty, sterility, the sick, the disabled, the oppressed, the hungry, the elderly, faith in the [[Blessed Sacrament]], [[sailors]], [[fishermen]], [[watermen]], [[swineherds]], [[mail carrier]]s, [[counter-revolutionaries]], [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]], [[Ysleta del Sur Pueblo|Tigua]], [[Padua]], [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]], [[Brazil]], [[Albania]], [[Pila, Laguna]], [[Iriga, Camarines Sur]], [[Camaligan, Camarines Sur]], [[Gubat, Sorsogon]], [[Tuburan, Cebu|Tuburan]], [[Cebu]], [[Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo]], [[Cusco|Cusco, Peru]], [[Kandy, Sri Lanka]],
| major_shrine = [[Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua]], [[Santo António de Lisboa, Lisbon|Church of Saint Anthony of Lisbon]]
}}

'''Anthony of Padua''', [[Order of Friars Minor|OFM]], ({{langx|pt|António/Antônio de Pádua}}; {{langx|it|Antonio di/da Padova}}; {{langx|la|Antonius Patavinus}}) or '''Anthony of Lisbon''' ({{langx|pt|António/Antônio de Lisboa}}; {{langx|it|Antonio da/di Lisbona}}; {{langx|la|Antonius Olisiponensis}}; born '''Fernando Martins de Bulhões'''; 15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231){{sfn|Purcell|1960|pp=19, 275–276}}{{sfn|Foley|McCloskey|2013|p=}} was a [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] [[Catholic priest]] and member of the [[Order of Friars Minor]].

Anthony was born and raised by a wealthy family in [[Lisbon]], Portugal, and died in [[Padua]], Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly [[canonization|canonized]] saints in church history, being canonized less than a year after his death.

He was proclaimed a [[Doctor of the Church]] by [[Pope Pius XII]] on 16 January 1946.

== Life ==
=== Early years ===
[[File:Igreja-Antonio1.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Church of Saint Anthony of Lisbon|Church of Saint Anthony]], in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]], built over the original house where the Portuguese saint was born]]
[[File:La casa natale di S. Antonio da Padova - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Birthplace of St. Anthony, in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]], located in the crypt of the [[Church of Saint Anthony of Lisbon|church dedicated to him]]]]

Anthony was born '''Fernando Martins de Bulhões''' in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]].{{sfn|Dal-Gal|1907}} While 15th-century writers state that his parents were Vicente Martins and Teresa Pais Taveira, and that his father was the brother of Pedro Martins de Bulhões, the ancestor of the Bulhão or Bulhões family, Niccolò Dal-Gal views this as less certain.{{sfn|Dal-Gal|1907}} His wealthy and noble family arranged for him to be instructed at the local [[cathedral school]]. At the age of 15, he was received into the [[Canons Regular of the Holy Cross of Coimbra|Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross]] at the [[Monastery of São Vicente de Fora|Abbey of Saint Vincent]] on the outskirts of Lisbon.{{sfn|Dal-Gal|1907}}

In 1212, distracted by frequent visits from family and friends, he asked to be transferred to the [[motherhouse]] of the congregation, the [[Monastery of the Holy Cross (Coimbra)|Monastery of the Holy Cross]] in [[Coimbra]], then the capital of Portugal.{{sfn|Monti|2008|p=}} There, the young Fernando studied [[theology]] and [[Latin]].

=== Joining the Franciscans ===
[[File:Accademia - Madonna in trono con il Bambino tra i santi Anna, Gioachino, Ludovico da Tolosa, Antoinio da Padova, Francesco et Bernardino da Siena - Alvise Vivarini Cat607.jpg|thumbnail|In [[Alvise Vivarini]]'s painting,<!-- Sacra conversazione - --> Anthony is distinguished from the other saints by his attributes: the book and the white lily stalk.]]

After his [[ordination]] to the priesthood, Fernando was named guestmaster at the age of 19, and placed in charge of hospitality for the [[abbey]]. While he was in Coimbra, some Friars Minor arrived and settled at a small [[Hermitage (religious retreat)|hermitage]] outside Coimbra dedicated to St. [[Anthony the Great]].{{sfn|Monti|2008|p=}} Fernando was strongly attracted to the simple, [[evangelical counsels|evangelical]] lifestyle of the friars, whose [[Religious order (Catholic)|order]] had been founded only 11 years prior. News arrived that five Franciscans had been beheaded in [[Catholic Church in Morocco|Morocco]], [[Franciscan protomartyrs|the first of their order to be killed]]. King [[Afonso II of Portugal]] ransomed their bodies to be returned and buried as [[martyr]]s in the [[Monastery of the Holy Cross (Coimbra)|Monastery of the Holy Cross]].{{sfn|Monti|2008|p=}} Inspired by their example, Fernando obtained permission from church authorities to leave the [[Canons Regular]] to join the new Franciscan order. Upon his admission to the life of the friars, he joined the small hermitage in [[Santo António dos Olivais|Olivais]], adopting the name Anthony (from the name of the chapel located there, dedicated to Anthony the Great), by which he was to be known.{{sfn|Silva|2011|p=1}}

Anthony then set out for Morocco, in fulfilment of his new [[vocation]]. However, he fell seriously ill in Morocco and set sail back for Portugal in hope of regaining his health. On the return voyage, the ship was pushed off course and landed in [[Sicily]].<ref name=wintz>{{Cite web |url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Messenger/Jun2007/Feature1.asp |title=Anthony of Padua: The Italian Years – June 2007 Issue of St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online |date=30 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630175456/http://www.americancatholic.org/Messenger/Jun2007/Feature1.asp |archive-date=30 June 2007}}</ref>

From Sicily, he made his way to [[Tuscany]], where he was assigned to a [[convent]] of the order, but he was met with difficulty on account of his sickly appearance. He was finally assigned to the rural hermitage of {{lang|it|{{ill|Montepaolo|it}} di Dovadola}} ('mount of [[Saint Paul]] of [[Dovadola]]'), near [[Forlì]], in Romagna, a choice made after considering his poor health. There, he had recourse to a cell one of the friars had made in a nearby cave, spending time in private prayer and study.<ref name=foley>{{cite web |url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Anthony/0-86716-202-3_lf.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001017040504/http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Anthony/0-86716-202-3_lf.asp |url-status = dead |archive-date=17 October 2000 |title=Who Is St. Anthony? |last=Foley |first=Leonard |publisher=American Catholic |access-date=27 June 2011 }}</ref>

{{Christian mysticism}}

=== Preaching and teaching ===
[[File:Saint Antony of Padua holding Baby Jesus mg 0165.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''[[Saint Anthony of Padua holding the Infant Jesus]]'' by [[Bernardo Strozzi|Strozzi]], {{c.|1625}}; the white [[lilium|lily]] represents purity.]]
In 1222, in the town of [[Forlì]], a number of visiting [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friars were present for the occasion of an ordination, and a misunderstanding arose over who should preach. The Franciscans had expected that one of the Dominicans would occupy the pulpit, being renowned for their preaching. However, the Dominicans had come unprepared, thinking a Franciscan would be the [[Homily|homilist]]. In this quandary, the head of the hermitage, who did not think any of his own humble friars could give a homily for the occasion, called upon Anthony, whom he suspected was most qualified, and entreated him to speak whatever the Holy Spirit might inspire.<ref name=wintz/> Anthony objected, but was overruled, and his impromptu sermon created a deep impression on his audience. His audience was moved not only by his rich voice and arresting manner, but also by the theme and substance of his discourse, his deep knowledge of scripture, and the eloquence with which he delivered his message.

Anthony was then sent by Brother Gratian, the local [[provincial superior|minister provincial]], to the Franciscan province of [[Romagna]], based in [[Bologna]].<ref name=wintz/> He soon came to the attention of the founder of the order, [[Francis of Assisi]]. Francis had held a strong distrust of the place of [[theology|theological studies]] in the life of his [[Franciscans|brotherhood]], fearing it might lead to an abandonment of their commitment to a life of real poverty and service. In Anthony, however, he found a kindred spirit who shared his vision and could also provide the teaching any young members of the order seeking ordination might need. In 1224, he entrusted the pursuit of studies for any of his friars to the care of Anthony.

The traditional practice of praying for St. Anthony's help in finding lost or stolen things is traced to an incident during his lifetime that occurred in Bologna. According to the story, Anthony had a [[Psalter|book of psalms]] that was important to him, as it contained his notes and comments for use in teaching his students. A [[Novitiate|novice]] who had chosen to leave had taken the psalter with him. Prior to the [[Movable type|invention of the printing press]], any book was [[Illuminated manuscript|hand-copied]], and thus, an item of high value; a Franciscan friar in particular, given his vow of poverty, would have found such an item difficult to replace. When Anthony realized his psalter was missing, he prayed it would be found or returned, after which the thief was moved to not only return the book to Anthony, but also return to the order. The stolen book is said to be preserved in the Franciscan friary in Bologna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Anthony/0-86716-202-3_np.asp|title=Finding the Real St. Anthony: Devotion to St. Anthony of Padua|date=8 December 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001208090300/http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Anthony/0-86716-202-3_np.asp|archive-date=8 December 2000}}</ref>

Occasionally, Anthony took another post as a teacher at universities like [[University of Montpellier]] and [[University of Toulouse]] in southern France, but his preaching was considered to be his supreme gift. According to historian Sophronius Clasen, Anthony preached "the grandeur of Christianity".<ref name=foley/> His method included [[allegory]] and symbolical explanation of scripture. In 1226, after attending the [[chapter (religion)|general chapter]] of his order held at [[Arles]], France, and preaching in the region of [[Provence]], Anthony returned to Italy and was appointed [[Provincial superior]] of northern Italy. He chose the city of Padua as his location.

In 1228, he served as [[Envoy (title)|envoy]] from the [[Chapter (religion)|general chapter]] to [[Pope Gregory IX]]. At the [[Papal household|papal court]], his preaching was hailed as a "jewel case of the [[Bible]]" and he was commissioned to produce his collection of sermons, ''Sermons for Feast Days'' ''(Sermones in Festivitates)''. Gregory IX described Anthony as the "[[Ark of the Covenant|Ark]] of the Testament" ''(Doctor Arca testamenti)''.

== Miracles ==
[[File:St. Anthony Preaching to the Fishes (c. 1630) - attributed to Francisco de Herrera the Elder (Detroit Institute of Arts).png|thumb|''Saint Anthony Preaching to the Fishes'', {{c.|1630}}]]
The story of Anthony "preaching to the fish" originated in [[Rimini]], where he had gone to preach. When [[Heresy|heretics]] there treated him with contempt, Anthony was said to have gone to the shoreline, where he began to preach at the water's edge until a great crowd of fish was seen gathered before him. The people of the town and even heretics flocked to see this marvelous thing and were moved to listen to Anthony's preaching.{{sfn|Arnald|2010|pp=122–125}}

In another often-told story, which took place also in Rimini, Anthony was challenged by a heretic to prove the [[real presence of Christ in the Eucharist|reality of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist]]. The man, who sought to mock Anthony, brought out a half-starved [[mule]] and showed it fresh [[fodder]]. Saint Anthony showed the mule the [[monstrance]] containing the Blessed Sacrament. The mule ignored the fodder and bowed before the Blessed Sacrament.{{sfn|Arnald|2010|pp=122–125}} The [[Tempietto of Sant'Antonio, Rimini|Tempietto of Sant'Antonio]] marks the spot where the miracle took place. Other versions of this miracle place it in [[Toulouse]] or [[Bourges]].

Another account tells of an occasion in Italy when Anthony was dining with heretics. He realized the food they put before him was poisoned, and he confronted them. The men admitted to attempting to kill him, but then challenged him to eat if he truly believed the words spoken in Mark 16:18 about the apostles of Christ: "and if they drink any deadly thing, it will not harm them". Anthony is said to have blessed the food and eaten it without harm, much to the amazement of his hosts.{{sfn|Arnald|2010|pp=122–125}}

== Death ==
[[File:Anthony pereda.jpg|thumb|left|''Anthony of Padua with the Infant Jesus'' by [[Antonio de Pereda]], detail]]
Anthony became sick with [[ergotism]] in 1231 and went to the woodland retreat at [[Camposampiero]] with two other friars for a respite. There, he lived in a room built for him under the branches of a walnut tree. Anthony died on the way back to Padua on 13 June 1231 at the [[Poor Clare]] monastery at [[Arcella (Padua)|Arcella]] (now part of Padua), at the age of 35.

As he had requested, Anthony was buried in the small church of Santa Maria Mater Domini—probably dating from the late 12th century—near a convent he had founded in 1229. Because of his notability, the construction of a large church, now the [[Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua]], was begun around 1232 and completed in 1301. The smaller church was incorporated into the structure as the Cappella della Madonna Mora or Chapel of the Dark Madonna. Today the basilica is commonly referred to as "Il Santo" (The Saint).

Various accounts also surround the death of Anthony. One holds that when he died, children cried in the streets and all the church bells rang of their own accord. According to another account, when he was initially buried his tongue, jaw, and vocal cords were chosen as [[relics]] for [[veneration]] and displayed in a large [[reliquary]]. When his body was exhumed 30 years after his death, it was found turned to dust, but the tongue was observed to have glistened and looked as if it were still part of a live body; a further observation being made that this was a sign of his gift of preaching.<ref>{{cite news|title=When Anthony spoke again |url=http://www.messengersaintanthony.com/messaggero/pagina_articolo.asp?IDX=3IDRX=1 |access-date=21 March 2015 |work=Messenger of Saint Anthony |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124205/http://www.messengersaintanthony.com/messaggero/pagina_articolo.asp?IDX=3IDRX%3D1 |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> On 1 January 1981, [[Pope John Paul II]] authorized a scientific team to study Anthony's remains and the tomb was opened five days later.

== Saint and Doctor of the Church ==
[[File:Friedrich Pacher - St Anthony of Padua and St Francis of Assisi - WGA16806.jpg|thumb|''St Anthony of Padua and St Francis of Assisi'' by Friedrich Pacher]]
[[File:Basilica de Sant'Antonio 1.jpg|alt= Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua -Padua, Italy|thumb|[[Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua]] – Padua, Italy]]
Anthony was [[canonization|canonized]] by [[Pope Gregory IX]] on 30 May 1232, at [[Spoleto]], Italy, less than one year after his death.{{sfn|Dal-Gal|1907}} In the words of Pope [[Benedict XVI]]:
{{blockquote|The richness of spiritual teaching contained in the ''Sermons'' was so great that in 1946 [[Venerable]] [[Pope Pius XII]] proclaimed Anthony a Doctor of the Church, attributing to him the title ''Doctor evangelicus'', since the freshness and beauty of the Gospel emerge from these writings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.english.op.org/godzdogz/saints-and-study/|title = Saints and Study|date = 26 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/audiences/2010/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20100210_en.html |author=Pope Benedict XVI |title=GENERAL AUDIENCE |date=10 February 2010 |access-date=13 June 2013}}</ref>}}

== Veneration as patron saint ==
Anthony's fame spread through Portuguese evangelization, and he has been known as the most celebrated of the followers of Francis of Assisi. He is the patron saint of Padua and many places in [[Portugal]] and in the countries of the former [[Portuguese Empire]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

He is especially invoked and venerated all over the world as the patron saint for the recovery of lost items and is credited with many miracles involving lost people, lost things and even lost spiritual goods.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.learnreligions.com/novena-saint-anthony-find-lost-article-542676 |title=Novena to Saint Anthony to Find a Lost Article – Prayer to Saint Anthony of Padua – Novena to Find a Lost Item|date=14 November 2007|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114201434/http://catholicism.about.com/od/prayers/qt/Novena_Ant_Lost.htm|archive-date=14 November 2007}}</ref>

St. Anthony Chaplets help devotees to meditate on the thirteen virtues of the saint. Some of these chaplets were used by members of confraternities that had Anthony as their patron saint.

=== North America ===
[[File:National Shrine of St. Anthony and Friary (Cincinnati, Ohio) - first class relic of St. Anthony.jpg|thumb|First class relic of Anthony displayed at the National Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua and Friary ([[Cincinnati, Ohio]])]]

In 1692, Spanish missionaries came across a small [[Payaya Indians|Payaya Indian]] community along what was then known as the [[Yanaguana (San Antonio)|Yanaguana]] River on the feast day of Saint Anthony, 13 June. The Franciscan chaplain, Father Damien Massanet, with agreement from General Domingo de Teran, renamed the rivers in his honor, and eventually built [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio|a mission nearby]], as well. This mission became the focal point of a small community that eventually grew in size and scope to become the seventh-largest city in the country, the [[San Antonio|U.S. city of San Antonio, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Messenger/Jun2004/Feature2.asp#F1 |title=San Antonio: The City of St. Anthony |website= St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online |publisher=Americancatholic.org |date= June 2004 |access-date=30 June 2010}}</ref>

In [[New York City]], the [[St. Anthony of Padua Church (Manhattan)|Shrine Church of St. Anthony]] in [[Greenwich Village]], [[Manhattan]] celebrates his [[calendar of saints|feast day]], starting with the traditional [[novena]] of prayers asking for his intercession on the 13 Tuesdays preceding his feast. This culminates with a week-long series of services and a street fair. A traditional Italian-style procession is held that day through the streets of its [[South Village]] neighborhood, during which a [[relic]] of the saint is carried for [[veneration]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stanthonynyc.org/id2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105035040/http://www.stanthonynyc.org/id2.html|url-status = dead|archive-date=5 November 2009|title=Mass Schedule|website=stanthonynyc.org}}</ref>

[[File:Cudowny Obraz Swietego Antoniego w Przeworsku.jpg|thumbnail|Miraculous Image of Saint Anthony, by Franciszek Lekszycki OFM, 1649, [[Przeworsk]], Poland]]

Each year on the weekend of the last Sunday in August, [[North End, Boston|Boston's North End]] holds a feast in honor of Saint Anthony. Referred to as the "Feast of All Feasts", [[Feast of St. Anthony|Saint Anthony's Feast]] in Boston's North End was begun in 1919 by Italian immigrants from [[Montefalcione]], a small town near [[Naples]], where the tradition of honoring Saint Anthony goes back to 1688.<ref name="Aluia">{{cite news | first = Jason | last = Aluia | title = 94th St. Anthony's Feast Schedule Highlights – Friday, August 23 – Monday, August 26, 2013 | date = 19 August 2013 | url = http://northendwaterfront.com/2013/08/94th-st-anthonys-feast-highlights-friday-august-23-monday-august-26-2013/ | work = North End Waterfront.com | access-date = 29 August 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Broadsheet with image of Saint Antony of Padua MET DP867949 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[José Guadalupe Posada]] print of Saint Anthony, about 1910]]

Each year the [[Sandia Pueblo]] along with [[Santa Clara Pueblo]] celebrates the feast day of Saint Anthony with traditional Native American dances.{{sfn|Sweet|2004|p=}}

On 27 January 1907, in [[Beaumont, Texas]], a church was dedicated and named in honor of Saint Anthony. The church was later designated a cathedral in 1966 with the formation of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Beaumont]], but was not formally consecrated. On 28 April 1974, St. Anthony Cathedral was dedicated and consecrated by Bishop Warren Boudreaux. In 2006, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] granted the cathedral the designation of minor basilica. [[Saint Anthony Cathedral Basilica in Beaumont, Texas|St. Anthony Cathedral Basilica]] celebrated its 100th anniversary on 28 January 2007.<ref name=thc>{{Cite web|url=https://texasforesttrail.com/plan-your-adventure/historic-sites-and-cities/sites/st-anthony-cathedral-basilica|title=St. Anthony Cathedral Basilica|website=Forest Trail Region}}</ref>

St. Anthony gives his name to [[Mission San Antonio de Padua]], the third Franciscan mission dedicated along [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]] in [[California]] in 1771.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://missionsanantonio.net/history|title=The History of our Mission|website=Mission San Antonio de Padua}}</ref>

In [[Ellicott City, Maryland]], southwest of [[Baltimore]], the Conventual Franciscans of the St. Anthony Province dedicated their old novitiate house as the [[Shrine of St. Anthony (Maryland)|Shrine of St. Anthony]] which since 1 July 2004 serves as the official shrine to Saint Anthony for the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore|Archdiocese of Baltimore]].<ref name="BaltSun">{{cite news |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/bs-ho-howard-franciscan-friars-tour-0826-20120823,0,4992929.story |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |access-date=28 August 2012 |title=At Shrine of St. Anthony, a taste of history and a sense of peace |archive-date=6 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606174938/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/bs-ho-howard-franciscan-friars-tour-0826-20120823,0,4992929.story |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Portugal, Spain and Brazil ===
[[File:Igreja de Santo Antônio, Teresópolis.jpg|thumb|Santo Antônio (Saint Anthony) Church in [[Teresópolis]], [[Brazil]]]]
[[File:CatedralFrederico.jpg|thumb|Cathedral of the diocese of Santo Antônio, in the municipality of [[Frederico Westphalen]], northwest of the state of [[Rio Grande do Sul]], [[Brazil]].]]
Saint Anthony is known in Portugal, Spain, and Brazil as a marriage saint, because legends exist of him reconciling couples. His feast day, 13 June, is Lisbon's municipal holiday, celebrated with parades and marriages. He is one of the saints celebrated in the Brazilian ''[[Festa Junina]]'', along with [[John the Baptist]] and [[Saint Peter]]. The festivities arount him, specifically, is known as the "Trezena de Junho", or thristeen days of june, when devotion to St. Anthony intensifies in the days leading up to his feast. Saint Anthony is patron saint of at least 105 cities through Brazil, in 10 states, being one of the most venerated saints in that country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=Santo Antônio: devoção, missão, milagres e tradições - Vatican News |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/pt/igreja/news/2024-06/dia-de-santo-antonio-renan-dantas-12-junho-2024.html |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=www.vaticannews.va |language=pt}}</ref> 

He is venerated in Mogán Village in [[Gran Canaria]], where his feast day is celebrated every year with oversized objects carried through the streets for the fiesta. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moganguide.com/Church.html|title=Church of San Antonio El Chico|first=Mogan|last=Media|website=www.moganguide.com}}</ref>

=== The rest of Europe ===
[[File:Paroisse Saint-Antoine de Padoue in Wavre, Belgium (DSCF7546).jpg|thumb|Saint-Antoine de Padoue parish in Wavre, Belgium]]

In [[Albania]], the [[Franciscans]] arrived in 1240 spreading the word of Saint Anthony ''(Shna Ndou)''. The [[St. Anthony Church, Laç]] ({{langx|sq|Kisha e Shna Ndout or Kisha e Laçit}}) in [[Laç]] was built in his honor.<ref name="Merlika">{{cite news |last1=Merlika |first1=Eugjen |title=Historia e Kishës së Laçit! Shenjti portugez i shqiptarëve |url=http://www.mapo.al/historia-e-kishes-se-lacit-shenjti-portugez-i-shqiptareve/ |access-date=9 November 2018 |agency=Mapo |date=13 June 2015}}</ref> Saint Anthony is one of the most important saints amongst Albanians and the pilgrimage to his church is done yearly by a considerable number of Eastern Orthodox and Muslim Albanians as well.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Shna Ndou, vendi i shenjtë që i pranon të gjithë mëkatarët – Gazeta Fjala |url=https://fjala.al/2022/05/04/shna-ndou-vendi-i-shenjte-qe-i-pranon-te-gjithe-mekataret/ |access-date=17 April 2023 |website=fjala.al |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://storymaps.com/stories/5626ec514b36406897e06c829aa37d9f | title=St. Anthony Pilgrimage – Laç, Albania | date=14 December 2023 }}</ref>

Saint Anthony lived and died during the episcopates of Eastern Orthodox [[Patriarch Mark III of Alexandria]] and [[Patriarch Nicholas I of Alexandria]], both of whom still maintained communion with the Pope of Rome.

In the town of [[Brusciano]], Italy, located near Naples, an annual feast in honor of Saint Anthony is held in late August. This tradition dates back to 1875. The tradition started when a man prayed to Saint Anthony for his sick son to get better. He vowed that if his son would become healthy he would build and dance a ''giglio'' like the people of Nola do for their patron San Paolino during the annual Fest Dei Gigli. (A ''giglio'' is a tall tower topped with a statue of the saint that is carried through the streets in carefully choreographed maneuvers that resemble a dance.) The celebration has grown over the years to include six giglio towers built in honor of the saint. This tradition has also carried over to America, specifically the [[East Harlem]] area of New York, where the immigrants from the town of Brusciano formed the [[Giglio Society of East Harlem]] and have been holding their annual feast since the early 1900s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/parishioners-hoist-tower-dance-giglio-festival-article-1.1896070|title=Parishioners will hoist nearly 4-ton wooden tower during Dance of the Giglio Festival|first=Frank|last=Green|website=New York Daily News|date=7 August 2014 }}</ref>

In [[Poland]], he is the patron saint of [[Przeworsk]]. The [[icon]] of Saint Anthony, dating from 1649, is housed in a local Franciscan church, {{Interlanguage link|Kaplica Świętego Antoniego w Przeworsku|pl}}.

=== Asia ===
Saint Anthony is honored in [[Uvari]], in [[Tamil Nadu]], India, where legend holds that the crew of a Portuguese ship was cured of cholera through the intercession of St. Anthony. The local church is dedicated to St. Anthony and houses an ancient wooden statue believed to have been carved by one of the crew.{{sfn|Raj|2017|p=}} In Kerala, where Vasco da Gama had landed in 1498 and where the Portuguese had their first stations in India some of the most ancient churches were renamed after St. Antony and new churches were dedicated to him.

In the [[Philippines]], the devotion to St. Anthony of Padua began in 1581, in the town of [[Pila, Laguna]], where Franciscans established the first church in the country dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua, now elevated as the [[Pila Church|National Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua]] under the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo|Diocese of San Pablo]].

In [[Siolim]], a village in the Indian state of [[Goa]], St. Anthony is always shown holding a serpent on a stick. This is a depiction of the incident which occurred during the construction of the church wherein a snake was disrupting construction work. The people turned to St. Anthony for help and placed his statue at the construction site. The next morning, the snake was found caught in the cord placed in the statue's hand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goancommunity.com/2012/06/06/siolim-the-village-everyone-loves/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111224658/http://www.goancommunity.com/2012/06/06/siolim-the-village-everyone-loves/ |url-status = dead|archive-date=11 January 2014 |title=Siolim The Village Everyone Loves {{!}} St.Mary's Goan Community Dubai |date=6 June 2012}}</ref>

[[St. Anthony's Shrine, Kochchikade]], located in [[Sri Lanka]], is dedicated to the saint. The church is designated a national shrine<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.christian.gov.lk/ImportantChurches_Kochikade.html | title = St. Anthony's – Kochchikade | website = christian.gov.lk | publisher = Ministry of Christian Affairs Sri Lanka | access-date = 30 April 2019 | archive-date = 18 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170618111604/http://www.christian.gov.lk/ImportantChurches_Kochikade.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> and minor basilica.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/data/shrineLKX.htm | title = National Shrines in Sri Lanka, Maldives | website = GCatholic.org |access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref> A tiny piece of St. Anthony's tongue is said to be preserved in a special reliquary, which is located in a glass case together with a statue of the saint, at the entrance to the church.

<gallery widths="145px" heights="200px">
File:St. Anthony of Padua.jpg|St. Anthony of Padua in St. Joseph's Church, [[Macao]]
File:JC Pila 57.JPG|[[Pila Church|National Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua]], [[Pila, Laguna]], [[Philippines]] where Franciscans established the first church in the country dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua under the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo|Diocese of San Pablo]]
</gallery>

=== Africa ===
[[Antonianism]] ({{langx|pt|antonianismo}}) was a [[syncretic]] [[Kongo people|Bakongo]] [[Catholic|Catholic movement]] formed in the [[Kingdom of Kongo]] between 1704 and 1708 as a development out of the [[Roman Catholic Church in Kongo]], yet without denying the authority of the [[Pope]]. Its founder was a young charismatic woman named [[Kimpa Vita|Beatriz Kimpa Vita]] who said she was possessed by Saint Anthony of Padua.{{sfn | Stearns | 2001 | p=394}}{{sfn | Thornton| 1998 | p=}} Beatriz became known for healing and other miracles. It was eventually suppressed by King [[Pedro IV of Kongo]], and Dona Beatriz was burned at the stake as a heretic.{{sfn|Wessinger|2011|p=391}}

== In art ==
[[File:Anthony of Padua, Maso di Banco.jpg|thumb|Maso di Banco's painting of Anthony of Padua, c. 1340. Part The Met collection, it was originally within a polyptych. ]]
As the number of Franciscan saints increased, iconography struggled to distinguish Anthony from the others. Because of a legend that he had once preached to the fish by the mouth of the river [[Marecchia]] in [[Rimini]], this was sometimes used as his attribute. He is also often seen with a white [[lilium|lily]] stalk, representing his purity. Other conventions referred to St. Anthony's visionary fervor. Thus, one attribute in use for some time was a flaming heart. He is also sometimes depicted along with the [[mule]] in Rimini that allegedly bowed down to him holding the [[Eucharist]].

In 1511, [[Titian]] painted three large frescoes in the [[Scuola del Santo]] in Padua, depicting scenes of the miracles from the life of Saint Anthony: ''The [[Miracle of the Jealous Husband]]'', which depicts the murder of a young woman by her husband; ''A Child Testifying to Its Mother's Innocence''; and ''The Saint Healing the Young Man with a Broken Limb''.{{sfn|Morosini|1999|pp=163–164}}

Another key pattern has him meditating on an open book in which the Christ Child himself appears, as in the El Greco below. Over time the child came to be shown considerably larger than the book and some images even do without the book entirely. He typically appears carrying the infant Jesus and holding a cross.{{sfn| Chong| 2016 | p=189}}

In popular [[votive offering]]s, Anthony is often depicted as miraculously saving individuals in various accidents.<ref>[https://www.santantonio.org/en/content/museum-popular-devotion-0 Museum of Popular Devotion], Basilica of Saint Anthony, Padua</ref>

<gallery widths="154px" heights="200px" caption="Anthony of Padua in Art">

File:AntoniusGreco17.jpg|[[El Greco]]'s [[Saint Anthony of Padua (El Greco)|painting]], 1580, shows the book with an image of the Christ child on the page.
File:Giacomo Farelli - Sant'Antonio da Padova con Gesù Bambino.jpg|St. Antony of Padua by [[Giacomo Farelli]]
File:Raffaello Sanzio - St. Anthony of Padua.jpg|An early work by [[Raphael]], 1503, at the [[Dulwich Picture Gallery]], London, UK
File:Sirani - Gesù Bambino e Sant'Antonio da Padova.jpg|''Baby Jesus with St. Anthony of Padua'', [[Elisabetta Sirani]], 1656, [[Bologna, Italy]]
File:Antonio de Pereda y Salgado - St Anthony of Padua with Christ Child - WGA17167.jpg|''Anthony of Padua with the Infant Jesus'' by [[Antonio de Pereda]]
File:Marcantonio Bassetti - St Antony Reading - WGA01483.jpg|''St Antony Reading'', early 17th century, by [[Marco Antonio Bassetti]]
File:Benson Ambrosius-Triptich of Saint Antonius.jpg|Triptych of Saint Antonius by [[Ambrosius Benson]]
File:Guercino Antonio Bambino.jpg|''Saint Anthony of Padua with the Infant Christ'' by [[Guercino]], 1656, [[Bologna, Italy]]
File:Visión de San Antonio de Padua.jpg|Vision of Saint Anthony, by [[Alonso Cano]]
File:Poertschach Pfarrkirche hl Johannes d T re Seitenaltar Heiliger Antonius von Padua 12122012 677.jpg|''St. Antony with Christ Child'', from, [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]], in Austria
File:Lille PdBA van Dick miracle mule.jpg|''Saint Anthony of Padua and the miracle of the mule'', by [[Anthony van Dyck]].
File:Victor Wolfvoet II - St. Anthony of Padua Preaching to the Fish.jpg|''St. Anthony of Padua Preaching to the Fish'', by [[Victor Wolfvoet (II)|Victor Wolfvoet II]].
File:Santoantonioeomeninojesus.jpg|Devotional image of the apparition of the Child Jesus to Saint Anthony
File:Oberzell Alte Kirche Antoniusfigur.jpg|St Anthony holding Baby Jesus
File:Santoantoniodepadua.jpg|Image in Lisbon.
</gallery>

=== In music ===
The Austrian composer [[Gustav Mahler]]'s [[song cycle]] ''[[Des Knaben Wunderhorn]]'' contains the song ''Des Antonius von Padua Fischpredigt'', whose lyrics recount the story of Saint Anthony's sermon to the fish. This song later formed the basis for the scherzo movement of Mahler's [[Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 2]]. In correspondence, Mahler expressed amusement that his sinuous musical setting could imply [[St. Anthony of Padua]] was himself drunk as he preached to the fish.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kennedy-center.org/artist/composition/2252|title=Des Knaben Wunderhorn|publisher=kennedy-center.org|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref>

=== In films ===
* The 1931 silent film ''Saint Anthony of Padua'' ''(Antonio di Padova, il santo dei miracoli)'' was directed by [[Giulio Antamoro]].
* He was played in the 1949 Italian film ''[[Anthony of Padua (film)|Anthony of Padua]]'' by [[Aldo Fiorelli]].
* ''Punitha Anthoniyar'' ''(Saint Anthony)'', a 1977 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by Nanjil Durai, starring [[R. Muthuraman]] and [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqOeSkthW9g| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607150726/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqOeSkthW9g| archive-date=7 June 2021 | url-status=dead|title=Punitha Anthoniyar|date=11 March 2015|author=[[Saregama|Saregama Tamil]]}}</ref>
* [[:it:Umberto Marino|Umberto Marino]]'s 2002 ''Sant'Antonio di Padova'' or ''Saint Anthony: The Miracle Worker of Padua'' is an Italian [[television film|TV movie]] about the saint.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0316537/ ''Sant'Antonio di Padova'' aka ''Saint Anthony: The Miracle Worker of Padua''] at [[IMDb]].</ref> While the VHS format is without English subtitles,<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Saint-Anthony-Miracle-Worker-Padua/dp/B0018J1236/ VHS] on [[Amazon.com|Amazon]].</ref> the DVD version released in 2005 is simply called ''Saint Anthony'' and is subtitled.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Saint-Anthony-Daniele-Liotti/dp/B000MTEKGE/ DVD] on Amazon.</ref>
<!-- uncited, no description* Saint Anthony, The Faithful Knight
 -->* Antonello Belluco's 2006 ''Antonio guerriero di Dio'' or ''Anthony, Warrior of God''<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Anthony-Warrior-God-Jordi-Moll%C3%83/dp/B0016MLIKW DVD] on Amazon with English subtitles.</ref> is a [[biographical film|biopic]] about the saint.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0488820/ ''Antonio guerriero di Dio'' aka ''Anthony, Warrior of God''] at IMDb.</ref>
* [[João Pedro Rodrigues]] directed the 2016 film ''[[The Ornithologist (film)|The Ornithologist]]'', a sort of modern-day fantastic allegory of the life of St. Anthony.

== See also ==
* [[Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua]]
* [[Church of Saint Anthony of Lisbon]]
* [[Monument of Saint Anthony, Lisbon]]
* [[Catholic Church in Italy]]
* [[List of Catholic saints]]
* [[List of Latin nicknames of the Middle Ages#Doctors in theology|List of Latin nicknames of the Middle Ages: Doctors in theology]]
* [[Mariology of the saints#Anthony of Padua|Marian doctrines of St. Anthony]]

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|author=Arnald|author-link=Arnald of Sarrant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wshYVi3KM4C&pg=RA1-PA122-IA1 |title=Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor|translator=Noel Muscat|publisher= Ordo Fratrum Minorum|location= Malta|date= 2010}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Anthony of Padua, Saint}}
* {{cite book | editor-last=Chong |editor-first=A.| title=Christianity in Asia: Sacred Art and Visual Splendour | publisher=Asian Civilisations Museum | year=2016 | isbn=978-981-09-9685-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rlrzjwEACAAJ }}
* {{cite CE1913|wstitle=St. Anthony of Padua|first=Niccolò |last=Dal-Gal|volume=1}}
* {{Cite book |title=Saint of the day|date=2013|editor1-first=Leonard |editor1-last=Foley|editor2-first=Patrick |editor2-last=McCloskey|isbn=978-1-61636-667-4 |edition=7th, updated and expanded |location=Cincinnati, Ohio (US)|publisher=Franciscan Media|oclc=882106791}}
* {{cite book |first=Dominic V.|last=Monti |title=Francis and His Brothers. A Popular History of the Franciscan Friars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXjyNwAACAAJ |year=2008 |publisher=[[Franciscan Media]] |location=[[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]] |isbn=978-0-86716855-6|id = D. V. Monti (OFM)}}
* {{cite journal|title=New Findings in Titian's Fresco Technique at the Scuola del Santo in Padua|journal=[[The Art Bulletin]]|first=Sergio Rossetti|last=Morosini|author-link=Sergio Rossetti Morosini|volume=81|issue=1|date=March 1999|pages=163–164|doi=10.2307/3051293|jstor=3051293}}
* {{cite book |last = Purcell |first=Mary |title=Saint Anthony and His Times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTZfNAAACAAJ|year=1960 |publisher=Hanover House|location=[[Garden City, New York]] |pages=19, 275–6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Raj |first=Selva J. |date=2017 |title=Vernacular Catholicism, vernacular saints|chapter=Being Catholic the Tamil way |editor-last=Locklin |editor-first=Reid B. |location=Albany, NY |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-1-4384-6505-0 |oclc=956984843}}
* {{Citation|first=José Manuel Azevedo |last=Silva |editor=Câmara Municipal |publisher=Câmara Municipal de Santo António dos Olivais |location=Santo António dos Olivias (Coimbra), Portugal |year=2011 |language=pt |title=A criação da freguesia de Santo António dos Olivais: Visão Histórica e Perspectivas Actuais |url=http://www.jfsao.pt/documentos/Historia.da.Freguesia.pdf |access-date=5 September 2011 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220023113/http://www.jfsao.pt/documentos/Historia.da.Freguesia.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2011 }}
* {{cite book | last=Stearns | first=P.N. | title=The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged | publisher=Houghton Mifflin | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-395-65237-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oREvuAAACAAJ }}
* {{cite book|last = Sweet|first = Jill Drayson|title = Dances of the Tewa Pueblo Indians: expressions of new life|url = https://archive.org/details/dancesoftewapueb0000swee|url-access = registration|publisher = School of American Research Press|year = 2004|location = Santa Fe|isbn = 978-1-930618-29-9}}
* {{cite book | last=Thornton | first=J. | via=American Council of Learned Societies | title=The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684-1706 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | series=ACLS Humanities E-Book | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-521-59649-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Adj9j5IXIgAC}}
* {{cite book|last=Wessinger|first=Catherine|title=The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195301052}}
{{refend}}

=== Further reading ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation |title=St. Anthony, Doctor of the Church |publisher=Franciscan Institute Publications |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-8199-0458-4}}
* {{Citation |title=Anthony of Padua, Sermones for the Easter Cycle |publisher=Franciscan Institute Publications |year=1994 |isbn=978-1-57659-041-6}}
* {{Citation |last1=Attwater |first1=Donald |last2=John |first2=Catherine Rachel |title=The Penguin Dictionary of Saints |edition=3rd |location=New York, New York |publisher=Penguin Books |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-14-051312-7}}

{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links |wikt=no |commons=Saint Anthony of Padua |commonscat=yes |n=no |q=yes |s=yes |b=no |v=no |d=Q167477}}
* [https://www.franciscanmedia.org/who-was-st-anthony-of-padua Franciscan Media: ''Who Was St. Anthony of Padua?'']
* [https://www.santantonio.org/en Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua] – Official website
* [https://stoantoniolisboa.com/ Church of Saint Anthony of Lisbon] – Official website
* [http://www.christianiconography.info/anthonyPadua.html "Saint Anthony of Padua"] at the [http://www.christianiconography.info Christian Iconography] website
* [http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Colonnades/Saints/St%20Anthony%20of%20Padua-126/StAnthonyofPadua.htm "St Anthony of Padua – St Peter's Square Colonnade Saints"]
* {{cite web | url = https://digilander.libero.it/raxdi/inglese/index7.htm | title = Saint Anthony of Padua| publisher = Invisible Monastery of charity and fraternity – Christian family prayer | language = en | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228233626/https://digilander.libero.it/raxdi/inglese/index7.htm | archive-date = 28 February 2018 |url-status = live}}

{{Catholic saints}}
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