Editing Antenna blind cone

{{Other uses|Cone of Silence (disambiguation){{!}}Cone of Silence}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2017}}
[[File:Blind cone.png|alt=antenna blind cone|thumb|A visual representation of a vertical antenna's blind cone.]]
In [[telecommunications]], '''antenna blind cone''' (sometimes called a '''cone of silence''' or '''antenna blind spot''') is the volume of space, usually approximately conical with its vertex at the [[antenna (electronics)|antenna]], that cannot be scanned by an antenna because of limitations of the antenna [[radiation pattern]] and mount.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjYtNJZmWLEC&dq=antenna+blind+spot&pg=PA216 |title=The Handbook of Antenna Design |volume=2 |editor1-first=Alan W. |editor1-last=Rudge |year=1983 |page=216|isbn=9780906048870 }}</ref>

The concept was encountered as early as the 1950s in [[low-frequency radio range|low-frequency radio ranges]], when it was used to determine when an aircraft was directly over a station. As the signal may not completely fade away, the aircraft's position could be confirmed by listening for a station location, or "Z", marker.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dodson |first1=Tom |title=Pilots' Radio Handbook |date=September 1953 |publisher=Civil Aeronautics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce |page=47 |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102419012 |access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref>

An [[Air Route Surveillance Radar]] (ARSR) is an example of an antenna blind cone. The horizontal radiation pattern of an ARSR antenna is very narrow, and the vertical radiation pattern is fan-shaped, reaching approximately 70° of elevation above the horizontal plane. As the fan antenna is rotated about a vertical axis, it can illuminate targets only if they are 70° or less from the horizontal plane. Above that elevation, they are in the antenna blind cone.

The antenna blind cone is also referred to as the "cone of silence", especially in America. This term is also used for [[weather radar]]s. [[NEXRAD]] radars make two-dimensional scans at varying angles ranging from 0.5° above level to 19.5° above level (during a significant weather event). These levels become much closer to the ground, and closer to each other, as they get closer to the radar site, rendering them of little use for the three-dimensional profiling such multi-level scanning is meant to provide. Thus, a weather event located very close to and/or directly overhead of the radar site will be mostly situated in the "cone of silence." This is part of the reason why most U.S. weather radars partially overlap each other's territories.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weather.noaa.gov/radar/radinfo/radinfo.html|title=National Doppler Radar Sites|work=noaa.gov}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{FS1037C}}

[[Category:Antennas|Blind cone]]
[[Category:Radar]]


{{electronics-stub}}