Editing Anna, Illinois

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                   = Anna, Illinois
| native_name_lang       = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| settlement_type        = [[List of cities in Illinois|City]]
| image_skyline          = Choate.jpg
| image_alt              = The Anna State Asylum, built in 1869 in the [[Kirkbride Plan]] was a rambling four-story structure, part of which was destroyed in separate incidents, but most of which is still standing as the central complex to the C.L. Choate Mental Health and Developmental Center.
| image_caption          = The Anna State Asylum, built in 1869 in the [[Kirkbride Plan]] was a rambling four-story structure, part of which was destroyed in separate incidents, but most of which is still standing as the central complex to the C.L. Choate Mental Health and Developmental Center.
| image_flag             =
| image_seal             = Seal of Anna, Illinois.png
| image_blank_emblem     = Anna, IL Logo.png
| blank_emblem_type      = Logo
| image_map              = File:Union County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Anna Highlighted.svg
| map_caption            = Location of Anna in Union County, Illinois
| pushpin_map            = USA Illinois#USA
| coordinates            = {{coord|37|27|40|N|89|14|20|W|region:US-IL|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = United States
| subdivision_type1      = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Illinois]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[County (United States)|County]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Union County, Illinois|Union]]
| established_title      = Platted
| established_date       = {{start date|1854|03|03}}
| established_title1     = Incorporated
| established_date1      = February 16, 1865
| leader_party           =
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Steve Hartline
| unit_pref              = Imperial
| area_total_sq_mi       = 3.58
| area_land_sq_mi        = 3.56
| area_water_sq_mi       = 0.02
| area_total_km2         = 9.27
| area_land_km2          = 9.22
| area_water_km2         = 0.05
| area_footnotes         = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_17.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 15, 2022}}</ref>
| elevation_footnotes    = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft           = 617
| population_footnotes   = <ref name="2020 Census">{{Cite web|title=Anna city, Illinois|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Anna_city,_Illinois?g=160XX00US1701543|access-date=September 20, 2023}}</ref>
| population_total       = 4303
| population_as_of       = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_density_sq_mi = 1209
| population_density_km2 =
| timezone1              = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset1            = -6
| timezone1_DST          = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST        = -5
| postal_code_type       = ZIP code
| postal_code            = 62906
| area_code_type         =
| area_code              = [[Area code 618|618]]
| website                = {{official URL|https://cityofanna.org/}}
| pop_est_as_of          =
| pop_est_footnotes      =
| population_est         =
| blank_name             = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info             = 17-01543
| blank1_name            = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info            = 2393961<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2398258}}</ref>
}}
'''Anna''' is the largest city and retail trade center in [[Union County, Illinois]], United States. Located in [[Southern Illinois]], its population was 4,303 at the [[2020 United States census]], a decline from 5,135 in 2000. It is known for being tied to its close neighbor [[Jonesboro, Illinois|Jonesboro]], together known as Anna-Jonesboro, and of which the main public high school for the two towns is named. Anna is known for the [[Choate Mental Health and Development Center]], a state facility that opened in 1869.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?item=58712|access-date=2019-10-10|title=Choate Developmental Center Profile|publisher=Illinois Department of Human Services}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Illinois - Anna - NARA - 23939545 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Anna, 1938]]
Anna was platted on March 3, 1854, after the new [[Illinois Central Railroad]] established a station there.<ref name="archive1954">{{Cite book |last=Lam |first=Howard |url=https://archive.org/details/100yearsofprogre00anna |title=100 Years of Progress: The Centennial History of Anna, Illinois |publisher=Anna Centennial Committee |year=1954 |location=Anna, Ill |oclc=9349651}}</ref> It was founded by Winstead Davie and named after Anna Davie, his wife.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WI3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PT47 |title=Illinois Central Magazine |publisher=Illinois Central Railroad Company |year=1922 |page=42}}</ref> It was then incorporated on February 16, 1865.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Name Index to Illinois Local Governments Illinois State Archives Prepared by the Illinois Regional Archives Depository System |url=https://www.ilsos.gov/isa/localgovnameindexsrch.jsp/ |publisher=Office of the Illinois Secretary of State}}</ref>

The coming of the railroad can be credited for prompting the founding of the City of Anna, although, from the time of the George Rogers Clark expedition into Southern Illinois country, emigrants recognized its agricultural possibilities.<ref name="archive1954" /> 
Centrally located in Anna Precinct of Union County, Anna was established by ordinance following the election of Trustees in 1855, although the plot was recorded in the county records on March 3, 1854. The area's elevation and fertile soil have made fruit farming—particularly the growth of [[Viticulture|grapes for winemaking]]—one of the area's principal businesses. For the purpose of farming, fruit growing, gardening, and dairying, the lands in and around Anna are not surpassed in Southern Illinois.<ref name="archive1954" /> The precinct in which Anna lies is situated on the divide between the waters of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and is well drained by the Cache, Cypress, and Big Creeks. Many cool springs of water aid materially in cattle farming in this area.<ref name="archive1954" />

In 1859, brothers Cornwall and Wallace Kirkpatrick started Anna Pottery in Anna. Their work became well-known and later, collectors' items; one of their most descriptive pieces was a pig from which wine could be consumed. The business ran until 1900, according to an exhibit at the Union County Historical Society Museum in [[Cobden, Illinois|Cobden]].<ref>{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=The Kirkpatrick Pottery |url=http://www.naturealmanac.com/archive/kirkpatrick/index.html |publisher=The Waterman and Hill-Traveller's Companion, a Natural Events Almanac}}</ref>

During the [[American Civil War]], Camp Anna in 1862 was the mustering and training location for some Illinois Infantry regiments, including the 81st,<ref name="NPSil0081ri">[https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm?battleUnitCode=UIL0081RI National Park Service: 81st Regiment, Illinois Infantry]. Accessed 9 June 2022.</ref><ref>[https://digital.lib.niu.edu/islandora/object/niu-civil:15442 The Civil War Diary of Edmund Newsome, Soldier in the 81st Illinois Volunteer Regiment]. Publ. circa 1894. Accessed 9 Jun 2022.</ref> 109th,<ref name="NPSil0109ri">[https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm?battleUnitCode=UIL0109RI National Park Service: 109th Regiment, Illinois Infantry]. Accessed 9 June 2022.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parks |first=George E. |date=1963 |title=One Story of the 109th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40190641 |journal=Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society  |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=282–297|jstor=40190641 }}</ref> and 110th.<ref name="NPSil0110ri">[https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm?battleUnitCode=UIL0110RI National Park Service: 110th Regiment, Illinois Infantry]. Accessed 9 June 2022.</ref><ref>[https://civilwar.illinoisgenweb.org/history/110.html History of the 110th]. Accessed 9 June 2022.</ref> There have been various commemorations ever since, including: 2013<ref>[https://www.kfvs12.com/story/21096532/civil-war-celebraton-in-anna-illinois/ KFVS 12: 2013 Civil War celebration in Anna, Illinois.] Accessed 9 June 2022.</ref> and 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil War Weekend 2022 |url=https://www.enjoyillinois.com/explore/listing/civil-war-weekend |access-date=2023-02-13 |publisher=Enjoy Illinois}}</ref>

Sentiments in Union County for the north and south were clearly divided during the war. Contemporary newspapers were blatantly political. The Anna Democrat continued publication, while the Jonesboro Gazette was denied its constitutional right to freedom of the press from 15 May 1863 until it was allowed to resume publication on 5 March 1864.<ref name="AN">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.annanews.com/about-us |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=The Gazette-Democrat}}</ref> The newspapers were consolidated to form ''The Gazette-Democrat'' on 26 October 1939.<ref name="AN" />

Anna is home to the Union County Fair, which began in 1880.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enjoy Illinois |url=http://www.naturealmanac.com/archive/kirkpatrick/index.html |publisher=2020 Illinois Department of Commerce & Economic Opportunity}}</ref>

In 1909, town residents attempted to drive out the black families who lived in Anna, after the lynching of [[William "Froggie" James]] in the nearby town of [[Cairo, Illinois]], for the alleged rape and murder of Anna resident Anna Pelley.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wexler |first=Laura |title=Darkness on the Edge of Town |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/20/AR2005102001715.html |access-date=18 January 2016 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Nikki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLjYbzkGWk8C&q=1909+lynching+%22anna%2C+illinois%22&pg=PA345 |title=The Jim Crow Encyclopedia |last2=Stentiford |first2=Barry M. |date=2008 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313341816 |edition=1st |location=Westport, Conn. |page=345 |language=en |access-date=9 April 2016 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Anna was historically a [[sundown town]], in which African Americans were excluded from living in the town's limits. Though the town was named after Anna Davie, the wife of the town's founder, some outsiders believed that the town's name was an acronym for "Ain't No [[Nigger]]s Allowed". The town has become infamous for it by its portrayal in literature and film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=James W. Loewen |title=Sundown Towns |url=http://www.prrac.org/full_text.php?text_id=1055&item_id=9653&newsletter_id=84&header=Civil+Rights+History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809214317/http://www.prrac.org/full_text.php?text_id=1055&item_id=9653&newsletter_id=84&header=Civil+Rights+History |archive-date=9 August 2014 |access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref> The phrase is still well-known, with few non-white residents owing in part to its historical reputation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaffe |first=Logan |date=2019-11-07 |title=The Legend of A-N-N-A: Revisiting an American Town Where Black People Weren't Welcome After Dark |url=https://features.propublica.org/illinois-sundown-towns/legend-of-anna/ |access-date=2019-11-10 |website=[[ProPublica]] |language=en}}</ref> Signs using a pejorative for Black people warning them not to let the sun go down on you in Anna persisted on Highway 127 until the 1970s.<ref name="Loewen">{{Cite book |last=Loewen |first=James W. |author-link=James W. Loewen |title=Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism |date=2018 |publisher=[[The New Press]] |isbn=9781620974346 |edition=2018 |location=New York, London |pages=1–2 |quote=signs that usually said "Nigger Don't Let the Sun Go Down on You in ____."Anna-Jonesboro had such signs on Highway 127 as recently as the 1970s.}}</ref>

The [[Stinson Memorial Library]] is a public library located at 409 South Main Street in Anna, Illinois. The library was designed by [[Walter Burley Griffin]], an understudy to [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], in 1913 and constructed in 1913–14. It was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on June 9, 1978.

Lewis Bakeries, the makers of Bunny Bread, was founded in 1925. Lewis started the company with a $300 loan against his mother's house, and by 1987, the company was reportedly earning $80 million in annual sales. Founder Jack Lewis died in September 2001 at the age of 91. Bunny Bread itself was created in 1947, according to the Bunny Bread website.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Story of Bunny Bread Shared in Article Which Originally Appeared in 1952 Paper |url=http://www.annanews.com/story-bunny-bread-shared-article-which-originally-appeared-1952-paper |website=The Gazette-Democrat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Bunny Bread |url=https://bunnybread.net/ |publisher=Lewis Bakeries, Inc}}</ref>

==Geography==
Anna is located at {{coord|37|27|40|N|89|14|20|W|region:US-IL_type:city}}.<ref name=gnis/>

According to the 2010 census, Anna has a total area of {{convert|3.519|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|3.5|sqmi|sqkm|2|abbr=on}} (or 99.46%) is land and {{convert|0.019|sqmi|sqkm|2|abbr=on}} (or 0.54%) is water.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web
  |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1701543
  |title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1
  |access-date=25 December 2015
  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213043434/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1701543
  |archive-date=13 February 2020
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 769
|1870= 1269
|1880= 1494
|1890= 2295
|1900= 2618
|1910= 2809
|1920= 3019
|1930= 3436
|1940= 4092
|1950= 4380
|1960= 4280
|1970= 4766
|1980= 5408
|1990= 4805
|2000= 5136
|2010= 4442
|2020= 4303
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url = https://www.census.gov|publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date = October 3, 2015|title = U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2010, there were 4,442 people, 1,893 households and 1,097 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,269.1 people per square mile. There were 2,123 housing units at an average density of 606.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.6% American Indian and Alaskan Native, 0.4% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], &lt;0.1% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.2% from [[Race (United States census)|other races]], and .9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] people (of any race) were 2.9% of the population.

There were 1,893 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present and 42.0% were non-families. 37.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% aged 19 and younger, 7.0% from 20 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,602, the median income for a family was $44,420. The incomes of 20.2% of the population were below the poverty level.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.census.gov|title = United States Census Bureau|date = 2009–2013|access-date = 2015-10-03}}</ref>

==Education==
Public schools in Anna include Anna Jr. High School, Lincoln School, all part of [[Anna District 37|Anna District#37]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anna37.com/AboutOurSchool.html|title=Anna District 37|website=www.anna37.com|access-date=2018-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424072015/http://www.anna37.com/AboutOurSchool.html|archive-date=2018-04-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Anna-Jonesboro Community High School]] District #81.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aj81.net/Administration/Administration.html|title=Anna Jonesboro Community High School|website=www.aj81.net|access-date=2018-04-23}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
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· The article must mention how they are associated with Anna, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
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{{div col}}
* [[James E. Bonner (general)|James E. Bonner]], [[U.S. Army]] major general and commanding general of [[Fort Leonard Wood]]
* [[Delos Brown]], pinch hitter for the [[Chicago White Sox]], born in Anna
* [[Kenneth Buzbee]], politician
* [[Clyde L. Choate]], politician and soldier
* [[Townsend F. Dodd]], aviator
* [[George M.C. Fisher]], former CEO of [[Motorola]] and [[Kodak]]
* [[Frank E. Midkiff]], High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific, born in Anna
* [[King Neptune (pig)|King Neptune]], famous war bond-raising pig
* [[Frank Willard]], cartoonist
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[List of sundown towns in the United States]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://cityofanna.org/}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223454/http://anna-jonesboro.618football.com/ Anna-Jonesboro Wildcats Football]
* [http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Anna_State_Hospital History of Anna State Hospital]

{{Union County, Illinois}}
{{Southern-Illinois}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Anna, Illinois| ]]
[[Category:1854 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Cities in Illinois]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1854]]
[[Category:Cities in Union County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Sundown towns in Illinois]]