Editing Anklam

{{short description|Town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany}}
{{Infobox German location
|type                = Town
|image_photo        = Marktplatz Anklam.JPG
|image_caption      = Market square
|image_coa             = DEU Hansestadt Anklam COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{coord|53|51|N|13|41|E|format=dms|display=it}}
|image_plan           =Anklam_in_VG.svg
|state         = Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|district          = Vorpommern-Greifswald
|elevation               = 5
|area             = 56.57
|postal_code                = 17389
|area_code            = 03971
|licence                = VG, ANK
|Gemeindeschlüssel  = 13 0 75 005
|website            = [http://www.anklam.de/ www.anklam.de]
|mayor      = Michael Galander
|party             = independent
}}

'''Anklam''' ({{IPA|de|ˈaŋklam|-|Anklam.ogg}}), formerly known as '''Tanglim''' and '''Wendenburg''',{{sfnp|EB|1878}} is a town in the [[Western Pomerania]] region of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] in north-eastern [[Germany]]. It is situated on the banks of the [[Peene]] river, just 8&nbsp;km from its mouth in the {{lang|de|Kleines Haff}}, the western part of the [[Szczecin Lagoon]]. Anklam has a population of 12,177 (2021) and was the capital of the former [[Ostvorpommern]] district. Since September 2011, it has been part of the district of [[Vorpommern-Greifswald]].

==History==
[[File:Steintor Anklam.JPG|thumb|left|[[Brick Gothic]] Steintor]]
[[File:GarnisonskircheundHgsinAnklam.jpg|thumb|left|Garrison church of Anklam, evidence of Prussian tradition of the town]]
In the [[early Middle Ages]], there was an important [[Scandinavia]]n and [[Wends|Wendish]] settlement in the area near the present town now known as [[Altes Lager Menzlin]]. Anklam proper began as an associated Wendish fortress.{{sfnp|EB|1911}}

In the Middle Ages the town was a part of the [[Duchy of Pomerania]]. During the [[Ostsiedlung|German expansion eastwards]], the abandoned fortress was developed into a settlement named Tanglim{{sfnp|EB|1878}} after its new founder. The site possesses importance as the [[head of navigation]] on the Peene.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} It was elevated to town status in 1244 and became a member of the [[Hanseatic League]] the same year{{sfnp|EB|1911}} or in 1483.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} The town remained small and non-influential, but achieved a measure of wealth and prosperity with its membership.
[[File:MarienkircheAnklam.JPG|thumb|St. Mary in Anklam]]
[[File:Anklam Nikolaikirche Dez 2012.JPG|thumb|St. Nicholas, being reconstructed, 2012]]

As a town of considerable military importance, it suffered greatly during the [[Thirty Years' War]]{{sfnp|EB|1878}} when [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] and [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] troops battled over it across a twenty-year span. Amid this and subsequent wars, it also endured repeated outbreaks of fire and plague.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} It was [[Capitulation of Franzburg|occupied by imperial forces]] from 1627 to 1630,<ref>{{citation |title=Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit |editor1-first=Ivo |editor1-last=Asmus |editor2-first=Heiko |editor2-last=Droste |editor3-first=Jens E. |editor3-last=Olesen |first=Herbert |last=Langer |contribution=Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nI9dItT816kC&pg=PA397 |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Berlin |year=2003 |isbn=3-8258-7150-9 |page=403|language=de}}</ref> and [[Treaty of Stettin (1630)|thereafter by Swedish forces]].<ref>{{citation |title=Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit |editor1-first=Ivo |editor1-last=Asmus |editor2-first=Heiko |editor2-last=Droste |editor3-first=Jens E. |editor3-last=Olesen |first=Herbert |last=Langer |contribution=Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nI9dItT816kC&pg=PA397 |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Berlin |year=2003 |isbn=3-8258-7150-9 |page=397 |language=de}}</ref> After the war, Anklam became part of [[Swedish Pomerania]] in 1648. In 1676, it was captured by [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg|Frederick William]] of [[Electorate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]].{{sfnp|EB|1911}}

In 1713, Anklam was looted by soldiers of the [[Tsardom of Russia]].{{sfnp|EB|1911}} That it was not burned to the ground, as ordered by [[Peter the Great]], was in large part due to the resistance of [[Christian Thomesen Carl]] ("Carlson"), after whom a street is named in remembrance. The southern parts of the town were ceded to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] by the 1720 [[Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War)|Treaty of Stockholm]],{{sfnp|EB|1911}} while a smaller section north of the Peene remained Swedish. It was damaged again during the [[Seven Years' War]] in the 1750s and 1760s, with its fortifications being effectively dismantled in 1762.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} Sweden yielded its remaining part of the town in 1815, when all of [[Western Pomerania]] became part of the Prussian [[Pomerania Province (1815–1945)|province of Pomerania]].

In the 19th century, Anklam was connected with [[Berlin]] and Stettin ([[Szczecin]]) by [[Berlin-Stettin Railway|rail]] and developed its manufacture of [[linen goods|linen]] and [[woolens|woolen goods]], [[leather]], [[beer]], and [[soap]].{{sfnp|EB|1878}} Its 1871 population was 10,739,{{sfnp|EB|1878}} which had risen to 14,602 by the turn of the century.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} By the time of the [[First World War]], it possessed a military school and developed iron foundries and sugar factories.{{sfnp|EB|1911}} In 1939 the [[Wehrmacht]] took over the military school and constructed a [[Wehrmacht prison Anklam|military prison]] on the grounds. In September 1942, the FStGA 8 field penal battalion for [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] prisoners-of-war was established and afterwards relocated to the eastern front.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Megargee|first1=Geoffrey P.|last2=Overmans|first2=Rüdiger|last3=Vogt|first3=Wolfgang|year=2022|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|pages=611|isbn=978-0-253-06089-1}}</ref>

Anklam was nearly completely destroyed by several bombing raids of the U.S. Air Force in 1943 and 1944 and in the last days of [[World War II]], when the [[Battle of Berlin|advancing Soviets]] burned and leveled most of the town. During the final stages of the war, in February 1945, the German-perpetrated [[The March (1945)|death march]] of Allied POWs from the [[Stalag XX-B]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|POW camp]] passed through the town.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kaszuba|first=Sylwia|editor-last=Grudziecka|editor-first=Beata|title=Stalag XX B: historia nieopowiedziana|language=pl|location=Malbork|publisher=Muzeum Miasta Malborka|page=108|chapter=Marsz 1945|date=2021 |isbn=978-83-950992-2-9}}</ref> After the war, Anklam became part of the [[East German]] state of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], and after the dissolution of the province it was part of [[Bezirk Neubrandenburg]] from 1952 to 1990. The town was rebuilt in the rather uniform socialist style.

After the 1990 [[reunification of Germany]], Anklam became part of the state of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], re-created at that time.

{{clear}}

==Population development==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#FFE7BA"
| Year || 1350 || 1600 || 1740 || 1765 || 1770 || 1790 || 1800 || 1875 || 1910 || 1939 || 1950 ||  1981 || 1988 || 2003 || 2010||2016	||2017 ||2021
|-
| Inhabitants || 3.000 || 6.000 || 2.961 || 3.036 || 3.278 || 3.224 || 4.470 || 11.781 || 15.279 || 19.682 || 20.160 || 20.496 || 19.685 || 15.826 || 13.433||12.635||12.521 ||12.177
|-
|}

==Sights==
[[File:Lilienthal Memorial Anklam.jpg|thumb|Memorial in front of the [[Otto-Lilienthal-Museum]]]]
Anklam was a prosperous medieval city but suffered severely during the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Seven Years' War]], and the [[Second World War]], as well as from periodic fires. Nonetheless, Anklam has some significant buildings remaining. The 12th-century church of St Mary was rebuilt in the 15th century,<ref name=bgh>[http://bricks.eurob.org/index.php?node_id=69&lang_id=1&ds_target_id=742 Brick Gothic Heritage] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812211629/http://bricks.eurob.org/index.php?node_id=69&lang_id=1&ds_target_id=742 |date=August 12, 2011 }}</ref> had a modern spire added in the 19th,{{sfnp|EB|1911}} and was repaired in 1947.<ref name=bgh/>

==Museums==

*Museum im Steintor (local history)
*[[Otto-Lilienthal-Museum]]

==Transport==
Anklam is connected with the [[Autobahn]] 20 coastal highway.
* [[Anklam railway station]] is served by national and local services to [[Angermünde]], [[Berlin]], [[Dresden]], [[Eberswalde]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Munich]], [[Prague]] and [[Stralsund]].
{{clear}}

== Notable people ==
[[File:Otto-lilienthal.jpg|thumb|140px|Otto Lilienthal]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 151-22-35, Volksgerichtshof, Ulrich von Hassell.jpg|thumb|140px|Ulrich von Hassell in 1944 before the Volksgerichtshof]]

* [[Johann Franz Buddeus]] (1667–1729), philosopher, theologian, professor in Halle and Jena.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Buddeus, Johann |last= |first= |author-link= |volume= 4 |page= 737 |short=1}}</ref>
* [[Paschen von Cossel]] (1714–1805), lawyer, imperial vicar, canon of the cathedral chapter Hamburger
* [[Friedrich Albrecht Karl Herrmann, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum]] (1720–1797), Prussian officer 
* [[Carl August Wilhelm Berends]] (1759–1826), physician, head of the [[Charité]]
* [[Ludwig von Henk]] (1820–1894), Vice Admiral of the Imperial Navy, member of Reichstag
* [[Otto Lilienthal]] (1848–1896), aviation pioneer
* [[Gustav Lilienthal]] (1849–1933), architect and social reformer
* [[Johanna Gadski]] (1872–1932), opera singer
* [[Julius Urgiß]], (1873–1948), German-Jewish screenwriter and critic for ''Kinematograph''
* [[Heinrich Sahm]] (1877–1939) a German lawyer, mayor of the [[Free City of Danzig]]
* [[Ulrich von Hassell]], (1881–1944), German diplomat and anti-Nazi 
* [[Kurt von Briesen]] (1886–1941), a German officer, most recently General of Infantry in WWII
* [[Alice Hechy]] (1893–1973), a German stage and film actress
* [[Günter Schabowski]] (1929–2015), politician (SED) 

* [[Dixon (DJ)|Dixon]] (born Steffen Berkhahn in 1975), house and techno DJ, producer and label manager
* [[Matthias Schweighöfer]], (born 1981), a German actor, voice actor, film director and producer.

=== Sport ===
* [[Peter Hein (rower)|Peter Hein]] (born 1943), a German rower, competed at the [[1968 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Sandro Stallbaum]] (born 1981), a retired German footballer, played 336 games

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}

Anklam is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Burlöv]], [[Sweden]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Heide]], [[Germany]]
||
* {{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Limbaži]], [[Latvia]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Ustka]], [[Poland]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Swedish Pomerania]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==References==
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Anklam |volume=2  |ref={{harvid|EB|1878}} |page=59 }}
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Anklam |volume=2 |ref={{harvid|EB|1911}} |page=58}}

==Further reading==
* Gottfried Heinrich Gengler: ''Regesten und Urkunden zur Verfassungs- und Rechtsgeschichte der deutschen Städte im Mittelalter'', Erlangen 1863, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NdkcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA47 47], see also pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NdkcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA962 962-966].
* Gustav Kratz: ''Die Städte der Provinz Pommern: Abriß ihrer Geschichte, zumeist nach Urkunden''.  Sändig Reprint Verlag, Vaduz 1996 (unchanged reprint of the edition of 1865), {{ISBN|3-253-02734-1}}, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=g2sRAAAAYAAJ 1-17].

==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Category:Anklam|b=no|n=no|q=no|s=Special:Search/Anklam|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=Q488513}}
*[http://www.anklam.de/ Official website] {{in lang|de}}
* {{cite AmCyc|wstitle=Anklam|short=x}}
* {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Anklam |last= |first= |author-link= |volume= 2 |page= 58 |short=1}}
{{Towns and municipalities in Vorpommern-Greifswald (district)}}
{{Pomerania}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Anklam| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]]
[[Category:Vorpommern-Greifswald]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Germany (Baltic Sea)]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Germany]]
[[Category:Members of the Hanseatic League]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 13th century]]
[[Category:1264 establishments in Europe]]