Editing Andrzej Wajda

{{short description|Polish film director (1926–2016)}}
{{Redirect|Wajda|the surname|Wajda (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| image        = Andrzej-Wajda-1963.jpg
| caption      = Wajda in 1963
| birth_name   = Andrzej Witold Wajda
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1926|3|6|df=yes}}
| birth_place  = [[Suwałki]], [[Second Polish Republic]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|2016|10|09|1926|3|6|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Warsaw]], Poland
| years_active = 1951–2016
| occupation   = Film director, theatre director
| spouse       = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Gabriela Obremba|1949|1959|end=div}}|{{marriage|Zofia Żuchowska|1959|1967|end=div}}|{{marriage|[[Beata Tyszkiewicz]]|1967|1969|end=div}}|{{marriage|[[Krystyna Zachwatowicz]]<br>|1974}}}}
| alma mater   = [[National Film School in Łódź]]
| awards       = {{unbulleted list|[[Palme d'Or]]|[[Honorary Golden Bear]]|[[Honorary Oscar]]|[[Golden Lion]] Honorary Award}}
| signature    = Andrzej Wajda signature.svg
}}
'''Andrzej Witold Wajda''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈandʐɛj ˈvajda|lang}}; 6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an [[Honorary Oscar]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/movies/andrzej-wajda-towering-auteur-of-polish-cinema-dies-at-90.html|title=Andrzej Wajda, Towering Auteur of Polish Cinema, Dies at 90|date=10 October 2016|access-date=10 October 2016|newspaper=The New York Times |last1=Kaufman |first1=Michael T. }}</ref> the [[Palme d'Or]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2016/oct/10/acclaimed-polish-film-director-andrzej-wajda-dies-aged-90|title=Acclaimed Polish film director Andrzej Wajda dies aged 90|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=9 October 2016|access-date=10 October 2016|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> as well as Honorary [[Golden Lion]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-andrzej-wajda-612057|title=Venice Film Festival to Honor Polish Auteur Andrzej Wajda|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=2013-08-22|access-date=2017-02-19}}</ref> and [[Honorary Golden Bear]] Awards, he was a prominent member of the "[[Polish Film School]]". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of ''[[A Generation]]'' (1955), ''[[Kanał]]'' (1957) and ''[[Ashes and Diamonds (film)|Ashes and Diamonds]]'' (1958).<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/andrzej-wajda-polish-director-dead-dies-1201883386/|title=Andrzej Wajda, Celebrated Polish Director, Dies at 90|first=Richard|last=Natale|date=9 October 2016|work=variety.com|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref>

He is considered one of the world's most renowned filmmakers,<ref name="Andrzej Wajda">{{cite news|url=http://culture.pl/en/artist/andrzej-wajda#second-menu-15 |title=Andrzej Wajda |access-date=2017-06-09}}</ref> whose works chronicled his native country's political and social evolution<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/andrzej-wajda-p115731 |title=Andrzej Wajda |access-date=2017-06-11}}</ref> and dealt with the myths of Polish [[national identity]] offering insightful analyses of the universal element of the Polish experience – the struggle to maintain dignity under the most trying circumstances.

Four of his films have been nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]: ''[[The Promised Land (1975 film)|The Promised Land]]'' (1975),<ref name="Oscars1976">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1976 |title=The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners |access-date=18 March 2012 |work=oscars.org}}</ref> ''[[The Maids of Wilko]]'' (1979),<ref name="Oscars1980">{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1980 |title=The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners |access-date=8 June 2013 |work=oscars.org}}</ref> ''[[Man of Iron]]'' (1981) and ''[[Katyń (film)|Katyń]]'' (2007).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LEussU2CjokC&q=wajda+katyn&pg=PT33|title=Remembering Katyn|first1=Alexander|last1=Etkind|first2=Rory|last2=Finnin|first3=Uilleam|last3=Blacker|first4=Julie|last4=Fedor|first5=Simon|last5=Lewis|first6=Maria|last6=Mälksoo|first7=Matilda|last7=Mroz|date=24 April 2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780745662961}}</ref>

==Early life==
Wajda was born in [[Suwałki]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/10/legendary-polish-director-andrzej-wajda-dies-at-90-1201833782/|title=Andrzej Wajda Dies: Oscar & Palme d'Or-Winning Director Was 90|first=Ross A.|last=Lincoln|date=10 October 2016|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> the son of Aniela (née Białowąs), a school teacher, and Jakub Wajda, an army officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/88/Andrzej-Wajda.html |title=Andrzej Wajda Biography (1926?-) |publisher=Filmreference.com |access-date=14 August 2012}}</ref>  In 1942, he joined the Polish resistance and served in the [[Home Army]]. After the war, he studied to be a painter at [[Academy of Fine Arts, Kraków|Kraków's Academy of Fine Arts]] before entering the [[Łódź Film School]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://culture.pl/en/artist/andrzej-wajda|title=Andrzej Wajda – Twórca |work=Culture.pl|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> where many famous Polish directors, such as [[Roman Polanski]], studied.

==Early career==
After Wajda's apprenticeship to director [[Aleksander Ford]], Wajda was given the opportunity to direct his own film. ''[[A Generation]]'' (1955) was his first major film. At the same time Wajda began his work as a director in theatre, including [[Michael V. Gazzo]]'s ''[[A Hatful of Rain]]'' (1959), ''[[Hamlet]]'' (1960), and ''[[Two for the Seesaw (play)|Two for the Seesaw]]'' (1963) by [[William Gibson (playwright)|William Gibson]]. Wajda made two more increasingly accomplished films, which developed further the anti-war theme of ''A Generation'': ''[[Kanał]]'' (1957) ([[Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival)#Prize winners|Special Jury Prize]] at [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 1957, shared with Bergman's ''[[The Seventh Seal]]'') and ''[[Ashes and Diamonds (film)|Ashes and Diamonds]]'' (1958) with [[Zbigniew Cybulski]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/andrzej-wajda-dead-oscar-winning-936684|title=Andrzej Wajda, Oscar-Winning Polish Director, Dies at 90|work=hollywoodreporter.com|date=9 October 2016 |access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref>

While capable of turning out mainstream commercial fare (often dismissed as "trivial" by critics), Wajda was more interested in works of [[allegory]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/222801/legendary-polish-director-andrzej-wajda-dies|title=Legendary Polish director Andrzej Wajda dies|work=buenosairesherald.com|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> and [[symbol]]ism,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/poland/articles/man-of-hope-andrzej-wajda-s-solidarity-trilogy/|title=Man of Hope: Andrzej Wajda's Solidarity Trilogy|first=Thomas|last=Storey|work=theculturetrip.com|date=23 October 2013 |access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> and certain symbols (such as setting fire to a glass of liquor, representing the flame of youthful idealism that was extinguished by the war) recur often in his films. ''[[Lotna]]'' (1959) is full of [[surrealistic]] and symbolic scenes and shots, but he managed to explore other styles, making [[French New Wave|new wave]] style ''[[Innocent Sorcerers]]'' (1960) with music by [[Krzysztof Komeda]], starring [[Roman Polanski]] and [[Jerzy Skolimowski]] (who was also a co-script writer) in the episodes. Then Wajda directed ''[[Samson (1961 Polish film)|Samson]]'' (1961), the story of Jacob, a Jewish boy, who wants to survive during the Nazi occupation of Poland. In the mid-1960s Wajda made ''[[The Ashes (film)|The Ashes]]'' (1965) based on the novel by Polish writer [[Stefan Żeromski]] and directed several films abroad: ''[[Love at Twenty]]'' (1962), ''[[Siberian Lady Macbeth]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wajda.pl/en/filmy/film07.html|title=Andrzej Wajda. Official Website of Polish movie director – Films – "Siberian Lady Macbeth"|first=Tomasz Wygoda – code, Katarzyna Lezenska – content, Belin Czechowicz -|last=design|work=wajda.pl|access-date=10 October 2016|archive-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502134032/http://www.wajda.pl/en/filmy/film07.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kinolorber.com/film/view/id/277|title=Siberian Lady Macbeth|work=kinolorber.com|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> (1962) and ''[[Gates To Paradise]]'' (1968).

In 1967, Cybulski was killed in a train accident, whereupon the director articulated his grief with ''[[Everything for Sale (1969 film)|Everything for Sale]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wajda.pl/en/filmy/film12.html|title=Andrzej Wajda. Official Website of Polish movie director – Films – "Everything For Sale"|first=Tomasz Wygoda – code, Katarzyna Lezenska – content, Belin Czechowicz -|last=design|work=wajda.pl|access-date=10 October 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192547/http://www.wajda.pl/en/filmy/film12.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> (1968), considered one of his most personal films, using the technique of a film-within-a-film to tell the story of a film maker's life and work. The following year he directed an ironic satire ''[[Hunting Flies (1969 film)|Hunting Flies]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wajda.pl/en/filmy/film13.html|title=Andrzej Wajda. Official Website of Polish movie director – Films – "Hunting Flies"|first=Tomasz Wygoda – code, Katarzyna Lezenska – content, Belin Czechowicz -|last=design|work=wajda.pl|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> with the script written by [[Janusz Głowacki]] and a short television film called ''[[Przekładaniec]]'' based on a screenplay by [[Stanisław Lem]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php?film=122590|title=FilmPolski.pl|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref>

==Artistic recognition==
[[File:Olbrychski wajda.jpg|thumb|right|Andrzej Wajda (center), c. 1970]]
The 1970s were the most prolific artistic period for Wajda, who made over ten films: ''[[Landscape After the Battle]]'' (1970), ''[[Pilate and Others]]'' (1971), ''[[The Wedding (1972 film)|The Wedding]]'' (1972) – the film version of the famous Polish poetic drama by [[Stanisław Wyspiański]], ''[[The Promised Land (1975 film)|The Promised Land]]'' (1974), ''[[Man of Marble]]'' (1977) – the film takes place in two time periods, the first film showing the episodes of [[Stalinism]] in Poland, ''[[Smuga cienia|The Shadow Line]]'' (1976), ''[[Rough Treatment]]'' (a.k.a. ''[[Without Anesthesia]]'') (1978), ''[[The Orchestra Conductor]]'' (1980), starring [[John Gielgud]]; and two psychological and existential films based upon novels by [[Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz]] – ''[[The Birch Wood]]'' (1970) and ''[[The Maids of Wilko]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spartanecho.org/2016/03/06/poland-marks-90-birthday-of-leading-filmmaker-andrzej-wajd/|title=Poland marks 90 birthday of leading filmmaker Andrzej Wajd|first=Teena|last=Martin|date=6 March 2016|work=spartanecho.org|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> (1979). ''The Birch Wood'' was entered into the [[7th Moscow International Film Festival]] where Wajda won the Golden Prize for Direction.<ref name="Moscow1971">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1971 |title=7th Moscow International Film Festival (1971) |access-date=22 December 2012 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403094201/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1971 |archive-date=3 April 2014}}</ref>

Wajda continued to work in theatre, including ''[[Play Strindberg]]'', Dostoyevsky's ''[[The Possessed (play)|The Possessed]]'' and ''Nastasja Filippovna'' – Wajda's version of ''[[The Idiot (novel)|The Idiot]]'', ''November Night'' by Wyspiański, ''[[The Immigrants]]'' by Sławomir Mrożek, ''The Danton Affair'' or ''The Dreams of Reason''.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9804E0DC1F38F93BA1575AC0A965948260? |title = Movie Reviews|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 13 December 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Andrzej Wajda 1974.jpg|thumb|left|Wajda during filming in 1974]]
Wajda's later commitment to Poland's burgeoning [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] movement was manifested in ''[[Man of Iron]]'' (1981), a thematic sequel to ''The Man of Marble'', with Solidarity leader [[Lech Wałęsa]] appearing as himself in the latter film. The film sequence is loosely based on the life of [[Anna Walentynowicz]], a hero of socialist labor [[Stakhanovite]] turned dissident and alludes to events from real life, such as the firing of Walentynowicz from the shipyard and the underground wedding of [[Bogdan Borusewicz]] to [[Alina Pienkowska]].<ref>Michael Szporer, [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/solidarity-michael-m-phd-szporer-phd/1110913404 Solidarity: The Great Workers Strike of 1980]. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2012</ref> The director's involvement in this movement would prompt the Polish government to force Wajda's production company out of business. For the film, Wajda won the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].

In 1983, he directed ''[[Danton (1983 film)|Danton]]'', starring [[Gérard Depardieu]] in the title role, a film set in 1794 (Year Two of the [[French Republican calendar]]) dealing with the [[Reign of Terror|Post-Revolutionary Terror]]. Made against the backdrop of the [[martial law in Poland]], Wajda showed how easily revolution can change into terror and start to "eat its own children."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Szporer|first=Mieczyslaw [Michael]|title=Andrzej Wajda's Reign of Terror: Danton's Polish Ambiance|journal=Film Quarterly|date=Winter 1983–1984|volume=37|issue=2|pages=27–34|doi=10.2307/3697387 |jstor=3697387}}</ref> For this film Wajda was honoured with the [[Louis Delluc Prize]] and a [[César Award for Best Director]]. In the 1980s, he also made ''[[A Love in Germany]]'' (1983) featuring [[Hanna Schygulla]], ''The Chronicle of Amorous Incidents'' (1986) an adaptation of [[Tadeusz Konwicki]]'s novel and ''[[The Possessed (play)|The Possessed]]'' (1988) based on [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Dostoyevsky]]'s novel. In theatre he prepared an interpretation of Dostoyevsky's ''[[Crime and Punishment]]'' (1984) and other unique spectacles such as ''Antygone'', his sequential ''[[Hamlet]]'' versions and the early 20th-century Jewish play ''[[The Dybbuk]]''. In 1989, he was the president of the jury at the [[16th Moscow International Film Festival]].<ref name="Moscow1989">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1989 |title=16th Moscow International Film Festival (1989) |access-date=24 February 2013 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316085017/http://moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1989 |archive-date=16 March 2013}}</ref>

==Career after 1990==
[[File:Andrzej Wajda-Post Mortem (2007).jpg|thumb|right|During the filming of ''[[Katyń (film)|Katyń]]'' in 2007]]
In 1990, Andrzej Wajda was honoured by the [[European Film Awards]] for his lifetime achievement, only the third director to be so honoured, after [[Federico Fellini]] and [[Ingmar Bergman]]. In the early 1990s, he was elected a senator and also appointed artistic director of Warsaw's Teatr Powszechny. He continued to make films set during World War II, including ''[[Korczak (film)|Korczak]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmsbytheyear.com/index.php/2015/11/22/korczak-1990/|title=Korczak (1990)|first=Dan|last=Willard|date=23 November 2015|work=filmsbytheyear.com|access-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016192434/http://filmsbytheyear.com/index.php/2015/11/22/korczak-1990/|archive-date=16 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> (1990), a story about a Jewish-Polish doctor who takes care of orphan children, in ''The Crowned-Eagle Ring'' (1993) and ''[[Holy Week (film)|Holy Week]]'' (1995) specifically on Jewish-Polish relations. In 1994, Wajda presented his own film version of [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Dostoyevsky]]'s novel [[The Idiot]] in the movie ''[[Nastasja]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com.au/search?q=miss%20nobody%20wajda&oq=miss%20nobody%20wajda&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i60l5.2263j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|title=miss nobody wajda – Google Search|work=google.com.au|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> starring Japanese actor Tamasoburo Bando in the double role of Prince Mishkin and Nastasja. The film's cinematographer was [[Paweł Edelman]], who subsequently became one of Wajda's great collaborators. In 1996, the director went in a different direction with ''[[Miss Nobody (1996 film)|Miss Nobody]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/miss-nobody-2-1200449243/|title=Review: 'Miss Nobody'|first=Derek|last=Elley|date=16 March 1997|work=variety.com|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> a coming-of-age drama that explored the darker and more spiritual aspects of a relationship between three high-school girls. In 1999, Wajda released the epic film ''[[Pan Tadeusz (1999 film)|Pan Tadeusz]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ce-review.org/99/21/kinoeye21_kosc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000603183236/http://www.ce-review.org/99/21/kinoeye21_kosc.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=3 June 2000|title=Central Europe Review – Film: Wajda's Pan Tadeusz|work=ce-review.org|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> based on the [[Pan Tadeusz|epic poem]] of the Polish 19th-century romantic poet [[Adam Mickiewicz]].

A year later, at the [[72nd Academy Awards|2000 Academy Awards]], Wajda was presented with an [[honorary Oscar]] for his contribution to world cinema;<ref name="Storoznyski, Alex (March 2000)">{{cite news|last1=Storozynski|first1=Alex|title=Poland's Movie Conscience: Academy Honors Andrzej Wajda for his films of freedom|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/poland-movie-conscience-academy-honors-andrzej-wajda-films-freedom-article-1.858349|access-date=13 September 2016|work=The New York Daily News|date=26 March 2000|page=6}}</ref> he subsequently donated the award to [[Kraków]]'s [[Jagiellonian University]].<ref name="The Vancouver Sun (April 2000)">{{cite news|title=Polish film-maker donates oscar to university|work=The Vancouver Sun|issue=Final Edition|date=7 April 2000|location=Vancouver, B.C.|page=D9}}</ref> In 2002, Wajda directed  ''[[The Revenge (film)|The Revenge]]'', a film version of his 1980s comedy theatre production, with [[Roman Polanski]] in one of the main roles. In February 2006, Wajda received an [[Honorary Golden Bear]] for lifetime achievement at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref name="berlinale2006">{{cite web|title=Prizes & Honours 2006|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2006/03_preistr_ger_2006/03_Preistraeger_2006.html|website=Berlin International Film Festival|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> In 2007, ''[[Katyń (film)|Katyń]]'' was released, a well-received film about the [[Katyń massacre]], in which Wajda's father was murdered; the director also shows the dramatic situation of those who await their relatives (mothers, wives and children). The film was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] Oscar in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/jun/19/katyn-andrzej-wajda-film-review|title=Katyn|first=Peter|last=Bradshaw|date=18 June 2009|access-date=10 October 2016|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
[[File:2010-08 Andrzej Wajda 4.jpg|thumb|right|Wajda pictured with his wife, [[Krystyna Zachwatowicz]], in 2010]]
Wajda followed it with ''[[Tatarak|Sweet Rush]]'' (2009) with [[Krystyna Janda]] as a main character. It is partly based upon a short [[Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz]] novel.  The film is dedicated to [[Edward Kłosiński]], Janda's husband, a cinematographer and a long-time Wajda friend and co-worker who died of cancer the same year. For this film Wajda was awarded by [[Alfred Bauer Prize]] at the 2009 Berlin International Film Festival. He received the Prix FIPRESCI during the 2009 European Film Awards. ''[[Walesa. Man of Hope]]'' (''Wałęsa. Człowiek z nadziei''), Wajda's biography of [[Lech Wałęsa]], based on a script by [[Janusz Głowacki]] and starring [[Robert Więckiewicz]] in the title role, had its world premiere at the 2013 [[Venice International Film Festival]]. His last film was the 2016 ''[[Afterimage (film)|Afterimage]]'' (''Powidoki''), starring [[Bogusław Linda]] as Polish avant-garde painter [[Władysław Strzemiński]].

Wajda founded The Japanese Centre of Art and Technology in [[Kraków]] in 1994. In 2002, he founded and led his own film school with Polish filmmaker [[Wojciech Marczewski]]. Students of Wajda School take part in different film courses led by famous European film makers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wajdaschool.pl|title=Strona Wajda School & Studio tymczasowo niedost pna|work=wajdaschool.pl|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
Wajda was married four times. His third wife was actress [[Beata Tyszkiewicz]] with whom he had a daughter, Karolina (born 1967). His fourth wife was the theatre costume designer and actress [[Krystyna Zachwatowicz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://culture.pl/pl/tworca/krystyna-zachwatowicz-wajda|title=Krystyna Zachwatowicz-Wajda – Twórca |work=Culture.pl|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref>

In September 2009, Wajda called for the release of director [[Roman Polanski]] after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his [[Roman Polanski sexual abuse case|1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8277886.stm|title=Outcry over Polanski's detention|work=BBC News|date=28 September 2009}}</ref>

Wajda died in [[Warsaw]] on 9 October 2016 at the age of 90 from [[pulmonary failure]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-37603756|title=Polish film director Andrzej Wajda dies|date=10 October 2016|access-date=10 October 2016|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> He was buried at [[Salwator Cemetery]] in [[Kraków]].<ref name="śmierć">{{cite web|access-date=2016-10-09|date=2016-10-09|title=Andrzej Wajda nie żyje. Wybitny reżyser miał 90 lat|url=http://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/7,114883,20813491,andrzej-wajda-nie-zyje-wybitny-rezyser-mial-90-lat.html#MT|website=gazeta.pl}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
[[File:Andrzej wajda.jpg|thumb|Andrzej Wajda during the [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]] Award Ceremony in 2011]]
* 2012: [[Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kozlonyok.hu/nkonline/MKPDF/hiteles/MK12134.pdf |title=MAGYAR KÖZLÖNY |access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref>
* 2011: [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]] (the highest Polish distinction), [[Commander (order)|Commander]] of the [[Order of Three Stars]] (Latvia);<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.president.lv/pk/content/?cat_id=603&art_id=17103 |title=Latvijas un Polijas prezidents pārrunā ekonomisko sadarbību, enerģētikas jautājumus, sadarbību |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420062951/http://www.president.lv/pk/content/?cat_id=603&art_id=17103 |access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=20 April 2016 }}</ref>
* 2010: [[Order of Friendship]] of the [[Russian Federation]],<ref>{{Cite web |language=ru |url=http://special.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/31619 |title=Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 10.08.2010 г. № 996 |publisher=Президент России |access-date=2023-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.mail.ru/politics/4914560/ |title=Медведев наградил Анджея Вайду орденом Дружбы — Новости Политики. Новости@Mail.ru |date=2012-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112033937/http://news.mail.ru/politics/4914560/ |archive-date=2012-01-12 |access-date=2017-09-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Order of Danica Hrvatska]] (Croatia);<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wiadomosci.wp.pl/andrzej-wajda-otrzymal-order-chorwackiej-jutrzenki-6031712299013249a |title=Andrzej Wajda otrzymał Order Chorwackiej Jutrzenki |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>
* 2008: [[Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise]] (Ukraine),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/wajda-nagrodzony-orderem-jaroslawa-madrego/6l68v |title=Wajda nagrodzony orderem Jarosława Mądrego |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref> [[Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana]] (Estonia);<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.president.ee/et/vabariik/teenetemargid/kavaler/801/andrzej-wajda |title=Teenetemärkide kavalerid |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>
* 2007: Nomination for an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for ''[[Katyń (film)|Katyń]]'';
* 2006: [[Order for Merits to Lithuania]];<ref>{{cite news|url=http://prezidente.lt/lt/prezidento_veikla/apdovanojimai/apdovanojimai_256.html |title=LIETUVOS RESPUBLICOS PREZIDENTE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124004639/http://prezidente.lt/lt/prezidento_veikla/apdovanojimai/apdovanojimai_256.html |access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=24 November 2011 }}</ref>
* 2006: [[Honorary Golden Bear]] for lifetime achievement at the [[56th Berlin International Film Festival]];<ref name="berlinale2006"/>
* 2005: Gold [[Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://krystynajanda.pl/dorobek/gloria-artis-zloty-medal-zasluzony-kulturze/ |title=Gloria Artis – Złoty Medal Zasłużony Kulturze |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>
* 2001: Commander's Cross of [[Legion d'Honneur]] of the French Republic,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archiwum.rp.pl/artykul/341991-Legia-Honorowa-dla-Andrzeja-Wajdy.html |title=Legia Honorowa dla Andrzeja Wajdy |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref> Great Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]], [[Honorary degree|Doctor Honoris Causa]] of the [[Moscow State Academy of Choreography]];
* 2000: [[Academy Honorary Award]] from the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2000 |title=THE 72ND ACADEMY AWARDS 2000 |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>
* 2000: [[Honorary Degree|Doctor Honoris Causa]] of the [[Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts]], [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/78015 |title=Wajda Sig. Andrzej |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>
* 1999: [[Grand Cross]] of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]], Freedom Award for film-making and for "unparalleled commitment to freedom" at the Freedom Film Festival in [[Berlin]], the Crystal Iris for life achievement at the National Film Festival in [[Brussels]]; 
* 1997: [[Praemium Imperiale]] Award of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Art, [[Silver Bear]] for life achievement and, specifically, for ''[[Holy Week (film)|Holy Week]]'', at the 46th [[Berlin Film Festival]] (1996); Best Director Award for ''[[Miss Nobody (1996 film)|Miss Nobody]]'' at the 13th [[Festroia International Film Festival]], [[Portugal]];
* 1997: Honourable Mention at the [[47th Berlin International Film Festival]] for ''[[Miss Nobody (1996 film)|Miss Nobody]]'';<ref name="Berlinale 1997">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1997/03_preistr_ger_1997/03_Preistraeger_1997.html |title=Berlinale: 1997 Prize Winners |access-date=8 January 2012 |work=berlinale.de |archive-date=11 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111234912/http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1997/03_preistr_ger_1997/03_Preistraeger_1997.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1996: [[Silver Bear|Silver Bear for an outstanding artistic contribution]] at the [[46th Berlin International Film Festival]] for ''[[Holy Week (film)|Wielki tydzień]]'';<ref name="Berlinale 1996">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1996/03_preistr_ger_1996/03_Preistraeger_1996.html |title=Berlinale: 1996 Prize Winners |access-date=1 January 2012 |work=berlinale.de |archive-date=30 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630185658/https://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1996/03_preistr_ger_1996/03_Preistraeger_1996.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1995: [[Order of the Rising Sun]] (Japan), [[Honorary degree|Doctor Honoris Causa]] of [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]], [[Belgium]], [[Theatre of Poland#Witkacy Prize|Witkacy Prize – Critics' Circle Award]] of the Polish [[International Theatre Institute|ITI]] Centre for the promotion of the Polish theatre abroad and [[Honorary degree|Doctor Honoris Causa]] of the [[Lumière University Lyon 2]] in [[Lyon]], France;
* 1994: [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] (France);
* 1990: European Felix Award for life achievement and an outstanding achievement and artistic conduct at the [[Cannes International Film Festival]];
* 1989: [[Honorary degree|Doctor Honoris Causa]] of the [[Jagiellonian University]];
* 1988: Nomination for the [[Golden Bear]] at the [[38th Berlin International Film Festival]] for ''[[The Possessed (1988 film)|Les Possédés]]'';<ref name="Berlinale 1988">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1988/02_programm_1988/02_Programm_1988.html |title=Berlinale: 1988 Programme |access-date=6 March 2011 |work=berlinale.de}}</ref> 
* 1987: [[Kyoto Prize]] of the Japanese [[Inamori Foundation]] for contribution to the development of science, technology and ideas;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/laureates/andrzej_wajda/ |title=Andrzej Wajda Kyoto Prize |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref> 
* 1986: The [[Luigi Pirandello]] Award for activity and achievement in the area of theatre;
* 1985: [[Herder Prize]] for contribution to strengthening cultural relations with nations of [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Southern Europe]];
* 1983: [[César Award]] of the [[Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma|French Academy of Film Art and Technology]] for ''[[Danton (1983 film)|Danton]]''; 
* 1982: [[Knight]] of [[Legion d'Honneur]] (France); [[Onassis Foundation]] Award for work for human rights and dignity;
* 1981: [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[1981 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]] for ''[[Man of Iron]]'';
* 1981: Nomination of an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for ''[[Man of Iron]]''; 
* 1981: [[Honorary degree|Doctor Honoris Causa]] of the [[University of Washington]];
* 1980: [[International Federation of Film Critics|FIPRESCI]] and Basque Cultural Society awards at the [[San Sebastián International Film Festival]] for ''[[The Orchestra Conductor]]'';
* 1979: Golden Lions at the 6th [[Gdynia Film Festival]] for ''[[The Maids of Wilko]]'', [[Prize of the Ecumenical Jury]] at the [[Cannes International Film Festival]] for ''[[Without Anesthesia]]'', Life Achievement Award at the La Rochelle International Film Festival and [[Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius]] for contribution to the development of Polish-Bulgarian cultural co-operation; 
* 1979: Nomination for an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for ''[[The Maids of Wilko]]'';
* 1978: Golden Lions at the 5th [[Gdynia Film Festival]] for ''[[Without Anesthesia]]'', Jury Award and Best Director Award at the 18th [[Cartagena Film Festival]] (Colombia) for ''[[The Promised Land (1975 film)|Promised Land]]''; 
* 1978: [[International Federation of Film Critics|FIPRESCI]] Award at the [[1978 Cannes Film Festival]] for ''[[Man of Marble]]'';
* 1976: Journalists Award at the 3rd [[Brussels Film Festival (BRFF)|Brussels International Film Festival]] for ''[[The Promised Land (1975 film)|Promised Land]]'', Golden Spike for ''The Promised Land'' at the [[Valladolid Film Festival]];
* 1975: Golden Prize at the [[9th Moscow International Film Festival]] for ''[[The Promised Land (1975 film)|The Promised Land]]''.;<ref name="Moscow1975">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1975 |title=9th Moscow International Film Festival (1975) |access-date=4 January 2013 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194905/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1975 |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref>
* 1975: Nomination for an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] for ''[[The Promised Land (1975 film)|The Promised Land]]'';
* 1973: Silver Shell at the [[San Sebastian International Film Festival]] for directing ''[[The Wedding (1972 film)|The Wedding]]'';
* 1964: [[Officer]]'s Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pbc.rzeszow.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/2909?id=2909 |title=Nowiny Rzeszowskie : organ KW Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej. 1964, nr 154-180 (lipiec) |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>
* 1959: Jury and [[International Federation of Film Critics|FIPRESCI]] Award at the [[Venice Film Festival]] for ''[[Ashes and Diamonds (film)|Ashes and Diamonds]]'', [[Knight]]'s Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]];
* 1957: Special [[Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival)|Jury Prize]] at the [[Cannes International Film Festival]] for ''[[Kanał]]''.<ref name="Andrzej Wajda"/>

[[File:Salwator Cemetery, grave of Andrzej Wajda (Polish film and theatre director), Waszyngtona Avenue, Kraków, Poland.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Salwator Cemetery]]<br >Andrzej Wajda tomb]]

==Filmography==
{{main|Andrzej Wajda filmography}}

==See also==
*[[Cinema of Poland]]
*[[List of Polish-language films]]
*[[Museum of Communism, Poland]]
*[[List of Poles]]
*[[List of Polish Academy Award winners and nominees]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|906667|Andrzej Wajda}}
*[http://fdb.pl/osoba/29861-andrzej-wajda Andrzej Wajda] at the [http://fdb.pl Internetowa Baza Filmowa] {{in lang|pl}}
*[http://www.filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php/111632 Andrzej Wajda] at the [http://filmpolski.pl Internetowa Baza Filmu Polskiego] {{in lang|pl}}
*[http://webofstories.com/gl/andrzej.wajda Andrzej Wajda] video at [http://webofstories.com Web of Stories]
*[http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/sovietfilmbib.html#wajda Wajda bibliography] (via UC Berkeley)

{{Andrzej Wajda}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Andrzej Wajda
|list =
{{Academy Honorary Award}}
{{European Film Academy Lifetime Achievement Award}}
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}
{{César Award for Best Director}}
{{Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement}}
{{Honorary César}}
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Director of the Year}}
{{Herder Prize}}
{{Witkacy Prize - Critics' Circle Award}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wajda, Andrzej}}
[[Category:Andrzej Wajda| ]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Suwałki]]
[[Category:People from Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)]]
[[Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Łódź Film School alumni]]
[[Category:European Film Awards winners (people)]]
[[Category:Filmmakers who won the Best Foreign Language Film BAFTA Award]]
[[Category:BAFTA fellows]]
[[Category:Best Director César Award winners]]
[[Category:Directors of Palme d'Or winners]]
[[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]]
[[Category:Honorary Golden Bear recipients]]
[[Category:German-language film directors]]
[[Category:Katyn massacre]]
[[Category:Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Poland 1989–1991]]
[[Category:Polish film directors]]
[[Category:Polish satirists]]
[[Category:Polish United Workers' Party members]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Builders of People's Poland]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 3rd Class]]
[[Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale]]
[[Category:Herder Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Burials at Salwator Cemetery]]
[[Category:Recipients of the State Award Badge (Poland)]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish screenwriters]]
[[Category:Polish male screenwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish male writers]]
[[Category:Home Army members]]
[[Category:Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement recipients]]